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1.
Abstract The German cockroach is the most common pest of urban, low-income housing in the United States and is associated with high pesticide use by residents. Cockroach allergen is implicated in asthma exacerbation and initiation and in the growing social and medical aspects of the disease. A safe and secure home environment is an environmental justice issue, and environmentally sound and effective models of cockroach control are needed in public and low-income multifamily housing. One model that offers potential is the integrated pest management (IPM) peer educator model (IPM Educator) in public housing as a component of IPM. A pre–post-analysis of an IPM Educator pilot programme in Boston public housing was undertaken. Thirty-four moderate- to high-infested units received baseline assessment and three applications of gel baits and IPM treatment by a pest control operator. Before the first pest control application, residents received written notice to prepare their units for treatment, a standard procedure. Before the second and third pest control treatments, an IPM Educator instructed residents in basic pest biology and habits, preparation for treatment, and the role of sanitation in pest control. Results showed a significant improvement in rate of preparation for pest control treatment after the IPM Educator intervention when compared with the preparation rate before the education intervention, and a significant reduction in cockroach populations by the third visit in units that were prepared and had improved sanitation, when compared with unprepared units and unclean units. The IPM peer educator is a promising, low-cost model of educating and engaging residents of urban, low-income, multifamily housing in environmentally sound pest control, thereby giving them some power and control over their living environment. It is also a potential source of professional training and jobs for public housing and other low-income housing residents. 相似文献
2.
Assessing Integrated Pest Management Adoption: Measurement Problems and Policy Implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
For more than a decade, the U.S. government has promoted integrated pest management (IPM) to advance sustainable agriculture.
However, the usefulness of this practice has been questioned because of lagging implementation. There are at least two plausible
rationales for the slow implementation: (1) growers are not adopting IPM—for whatever reason—and (2) current assessment methods
are inadequate at assessing IPM implementation. Our research addresses the second plausibility. We suggest that the traditional
approach to measuring IPM implementation on its own fails to assess the distinct, biologically hierarchical components of
IPM, and instead aggregates growers’ management practices into an overall adoption score. Knowledge of these distinct components
and the extent to which they are implemented can inform government officials as to how they should develop targeted assistance
programs to encourage broader IPM use. We address these concerns by assessing the components of IPM adoption and comparing
our method to the traditional approach alone. Our results indicate that there are four distinct components of adoption—weed,
insect, general, and ecosystem management—and that growers implement the first two components significantly more often than
the latter two. These findings suggest that using a more nuanced measure to assess IPM adoption that expands on the traditional
approach, allows for a better understanding of the degree of IPM implementation. 相似文献
3.
S. Edwards-Jones 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1997,40(1):125-142
Legislation and institutional structure have restricted opportunities for the integrated planning and management of Scotland's water resources. There is growing recognition that a more holistic and integrated approach to river management may enable progress in solving some of the problems facing Scottish freshwaters. The River Valleys Project established case studies of participatory integrated catchment planning for two rivers in Lothian Region, the Water of Leith and the River Almond. Nine stages were identified in the development of participatory integrated catchment plans. These involved all agencies and individuals with an interest in river management and a high degree of community participation.The developmentof plans for the Water of Leith and River Almond revealed a wide variety of benefits that can be derived from an integrated approach to river management. 相似文献
4.
Manfred Fehr 《The Environmentalist》2006,26(1):21-29
Summary Present municipal waste management paradigms in Brazil do not allow for flexible approaches to solving an extremely dynamic
problem. This paper discusses the basic flaws in present thinking models of residents and municipal administrators. Fundamental
arguments presented on municipal solid waste relate to nomenclature, destinations, definitions, logistics, social dynamics,
social assistance programs, education and employment philosophies. In each case, the consequences of the stalemate are explained
in terms of the unsustainable situation of constantly growing landfills. In sequence, a proactive thinking model is presented
and explained that has the potential of drastically reducing landfill size. It is called Municipal Transit Material Processing.
The model has been tested successfully in small communities and is now available for scale-up. The landfill diversion achieved
stands at 62% of household waste in comparison with 15% theoretically possible in Brazil with selective collection models.
Although of necessity the arguments apply directly to Brazil, the basic ideas behind the reasoning may be extrapolated to
other Southern countries. The following simple example will illustrate to the reader the type of paradigm inversion the paper
proposes to convey. The classical political slogan in Brazil is “get children out of garbage dumps”. The inversion proposed
and explained is “do away with garbage dumps”. 相似文献
5.
According to the Seventh National Forest Inventory (2004–2008), China’s forests cover an area of 195.45 million ha, or 20.36%
of the total land area. China has the most rapidly increasing forest resources in the world. However, China is also a country
with serious forest pest problems. There are more than 8,000 species of potential forest pests in China, including insects,
plant diseases, rodents and lagomorphs, and hazardous plants. Among them, 300 species are considered as economically or ecologically
important, and half of these are serious pests, including 86 species of insects. Forest management and utilization have a
considerable influence on the stability and sustainability of forest ecosystems. At the national level, forestry policies
always play a major role in forest resource management and forest health protection. In this paper, we present a comprehensive
overview of both achievements and challenges in forest management and insect pest control in China. First, we summarize the
current status of forest resources and their pests in China. Second, we address the theories, policies, practices and major
national actions on forestry and forest insect pest management, including the Engineering Pest Management of China, the National
Key Forestry Programs, the Classified Forest Management system, and the Collective Forest Tenure Reform. We analyze and discuss
three representative plantations—Eucalyptus, poplar and Masson pine plantations—with respect to their insect diversity, pest problems and pest management measures. 相似文献
6.
Resource management issues continually change over time in response to coevolving social, economic, and ecological systems.
Under these conditions adaptive management, or “learning by doing,” offers an opportunity for more proactive and collaborative
approaches to resolving environmental problems. In turn, this will require the implementation of learning-based extension
approaches alongside more traditional linear technology transfer approaches within the area of environmental extension. In
this paper the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management (ISKM) approach is presented to illustrate how such learning-based
approaches can be used to help communities develop, apply, and refine technical information within a larger context of shared
understanding. To outline how this works in practice, we use a case study involving pest management. Particular attention
is paid to the issues that emerge as a result of multiple stakeholder involvement within environmental problem situations.
Finally, the potential role of the Internet in supporting and disseminating the experience gained through ongoing adaptive
management processes is examined. 相似文献
7.
/ Achieving successful and well-integrated environmental management depends on principled and orderly assignment of responsibilities within and between public sector organizations. Guidelines for making these assignments can be found by considering different modes of public response in light of a framework based on some distinguishable patterns in the complexity they exhibit. The basic dimensions of environmental problems can be used to identify these patterns. Two examples from current environmental problems in Taiwan are given, illustrating how this framework can be put to use. 相似文献
8.
Richard D. Margerum 《Environmental management》1999,24(2):151-166
9.
Will Allen Shaun Ogilvie Helen Blackie Des Smith Shona Sam James Doherty Don McKenzie James Ataria Lee Shapiro Jamie MacKay Elaine Murphy Chris Jacobson Charles Eason 《Environmental management》2014,53(2):429-440
The success of research in integrated environmental and natural resource management relies on the participation and involvement of different disciplines and stakeholders. This can be difficult to achieve in practice because many initiatives fail to address the underlying social processes required for successful engagement and social learning. We used an action research approach to support a research-based group with a range of disciplinary and stakeholder expertise to critically reflect on their engagement practice and identify lessons around how to collaborate more effectively. This approach is provided here as a guide that can be used to support reflective research practice for engagement in other integration-based initiatives. This paper is set in the context of an integrated wildlife management research case study in New Zealand. We illustrate how multi-, inter- and trans-disciplinary approaches can provide a framework for considering the different conversations that need to occur in an integrated research program. We then outline rubrics that list the criteria required in inter- and trans-disciplinary collaborations, along with examples of effective engagement processes that directly support integration through such efforts. Finally, we discuss the implications of these experiences for other researchers and managers seeking to improve engagement and collaboration in integrated science, management and policy initiatives. Our experiences reaffirm the need for those involved in integrative initiatives to attend to the processes of engagement in both formal and informal settings, to provide opportunities for critical reflective practice, and to look for measures of success that acknowledge the importance of effective social process. 相似文献
10.
Aleix Serrat‐Capdevila Juan B. Valdes Eugene Z. Stakhiv 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):509-525
This article is an assessment of the current state of the art and relative utility of satellite precipitation products (SPPs) for hydrologic applications to support water management decisions. We present a review of SPPs, their accuracy in diverse settings including the influence of geography, topography, and weather systems, as well as the pros and cons of their use for different water management applications. At the end of this broad synthesizing effort, recommendations are proposed for: (1) SPP developers to improve the quality, usability, and relevance of precipitation products; and (2) SPP users to improve the reliability of their predictions and hydrologic applications to better support water management. 相似文献
11.
Different arrangements of decentralized forest management have been promoted as alternatives to centralized and top down approaches to halt tropical deforestation and forest degradation. Ethiopia is one of the countries piloting one of these approaches. To inform future programs and projects it is essential to learn from existing pilots and experiences. This paper analyses five of the pilot participatory forest management (PFM) programs undertaken in Ethiopia. The study is based on the Forest User Group (FUG) members’ analyses of the programs using selected outcome variables: forest income, change in forest conditions, forest ownership feelings and effectiveness of FUGs as forest managing institutions. These variables were assessed at three points in time—before the introduction of PFM, during the project implementation and after the projects ended. Data were collected using group discussions, key informant interviews and transect walks through the PFM forests. The results show that in all of the five cases the state of the forest is perceived to have improved with the introduction of PFM, and in four of the cases the improvement was maintained after projects ended. Regulated access to the forests following introduction of PFM was not perceived to have affected forest income negatively. There are, however, serious concerns about the institutional effectiveness of the FUGs after projects ended, and this may affect the success of the PFM approach in the longer term. 相似文献
12.
Matthew Carmona Claudio De Magalhaes 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2006,49(1):75-99
This paper explores approaches to the management of external public space, both now and in the future. The paper is in five parts. The discussion begins with an exploration of why public space management is universally an important concern by drawing from literature that argues that the quality of public space has declined, and that a greater engagement of the public sector in its management is required. Next, the research methodology is discussed which sought to investigate the management of public space in England as an example of trends and responses that point to a broader international concern. The approach included both a national survey of the state of play in public space management and a series of case studies that sought to explore innovative practice. Third, the results of a national survey are briefly outlined, with discussion following the same structure as the survey itself. Next, the results of detailed interviews with 20 local authority case studies that exhibited interesting or innovative practice in the local management of public space are presented. In a final part, conclusions are drawn which confirm that this is an area of public sector responsibility in need of significant investment and reform, but also that top-down initiatives from national government are beginning to inspire a burgeoning range of local government initiatives below. Therefore, although public space management remains a fragmented area of local government activity, a number of local authorities are beginning to establish a corresponding bottom-up agenda that seems to map a potential way forward for the future. 相似文献
13.
A contingent valuation survey was undertaken to estimate the public benefits of landscapechanges that could arise from reductions in grazing levels using the example of the Central Southern Uplands of Scotland. A dichotomous choice with continuous follow-up format was used to quantify the environmentalbenefit in terms of the willingness to pay of the general public and visitors. The paper discusses the merits of this format and the evidence of starting-point bias. In addition, the results are compared with the preferences of locals and interest groups as expressed through focus group sessions and subsets of the survey. A strong preference for more tree cover was evident, a landscape feature not well represented in the current landscape. 相似文献
14.
This article discusses how the concept of integrated learning systems provides a useful means of exploring the functional
linkages between the governance and management of public protected areas. It presents a conceptual framework of an integrated
learning system that explicitly incorporates learning processes in governance and management subsystems. The framework is
premised on the assumption that an understanding of an integrated learning system is essential if we are to successfully promote
learning across multiple scales as a fundamental component of adaptability in the governance and management of protected areas.
The framework is used to illustrate real-world situations that reflect the nature and substance of the linkages between governance
and management. Drawing on lessons from North America and Africa, the article demonstrates that the establishment and maintenance
of an integrated learning system take place in a complex context which links elements of governance learning and management
learning subsystems. The degree to which the two subsystems are coupled influences the performance of an integrated learning
system and ultimately adaptability. Such performance is largely determined by how integrated learning processes allow for
the systematic testing of societal assumptions (beliefs, values, and public interest) to enable society and protected area
agencies to adapt and learn in the face of social and ecological change. It is argued that an integrated perspective provides
a potentially useful framework for explaining and improving shared understanding around which the concept of adaptability
is structured and implemented. 相似文献
15.
Impediments to Integrated Urban Stormwater Management: The Need for Institutional Reform 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
Brown RR 《Environmental management》2005,36(3):455-468
It is now well established that the traditional practice of urban stormwater management contributes to the degradation of
receiving waterways, and this practice was more recently critiqued for facilitating the wastage of a valuable water resource.
However, despite significant advances in alternative “integrated urban stormwater management” techniques and processes over
the last 20 years, wide-scale implementation has been limited. This problem is indicative of broader institutional impediments
that are beyond current concerns of strengthening technological and planning process expertise. Presented here is an analysis
of the institutionalization of urban stormwater management across Sydney with the objective of scoping institutional impediments
to more sustainable management approaches. The analysis reveals that the inertia with the public administration of urban stormwater
inherently privileges and perpetuates traditional stormwater management practices at implementation. This inertia is characterized
by historically entrained forms of technocratic institutional power and expertise, values and leadership, and structure and
jurisdiction posing significant impediments to change and the realization of integrated urban stormwater management. These
insights strongly point to the need for institutional change specifically directed at fostering horizontal integration of
the various functions of the existing administrative regime. This would need to be underpinned with capacity-building interventions
targeted at enabling a learning culture that values integration and participatory decision making. These insights also provide
guideposts for assessing the institutional and capacity development needs for improving urban water management practices in
other contexts. 相似文献
16.
/ The management of industrial reservoirs for hydroelectric energy can cause severe impacts to surrounding communities. This study examines the generation of dust along the northern foreshore zones of Williston Reservoir in northern British Columbia. The dust is generated in the spring when the reservoir levels are low and impacts a relocated First Nations' village (Tsay Keh) at the north end of the reservoir. Data were gathered to provide an overview of the physical conditions that contribute to the dust problem, including a social survey, soil analysis, and vegetation inventory. The study provides a scoping method to assess a large-scale and complex problem with respect to dust management along a large reservoir. Methods for dust control include short- and long-term solutions that integrate the use of native vegetation along the foreshore zones of the reservoir. 相似文献
17.
Nichola Geeson Jane Brandt Giovanni Quaranta Rosanna Salvia 《Environmental management》2014,54(5):1043-1055
Until around 1995 it was challenging to make the scientific results of research projects publicly available except through presentations at meetings or conferences, or as papers in academic journals. Then it began to be clear that the Internet could become the main medium to publish and share new information with a much wider audience. The DESIRE Project (desertification mitigation and remediation of land—a global approach for local solutions) has built on expertise gained in previous projects to develop an innovative online ‘Harmonized Information System’ (HIS). This documents the context, delivery and evaluation of all tasks in the DESIRE Project using non-scientific terminology, with much of it also available in the local languages of the study sites. The DESIRE-HIS makes use of new possibilities for communication, including video clips, interactive tools, and links to social media networks such as Twitter. Dissemination of research results using this approach has required careful planning and design. This paper sets out the steps that have culminated in a complete online Information System about local solutions to global land management problems in desertification-affected areas, including many practical guidelines for responsible land management. As many of those who are affected by desertification do not have Internet access, printable dissemination materials are also available on the DESIRE-HIS. 相似文献
18.
通过对位于柳江盆地国家级自然保护区内的亮甲山矿山开采引起的矿山地质环境破坏进行调查,发现矿区存在崩塌、滑坡及泥石流等地质灾害,水土流失剧烈,自然景观破坏严重,影响了自然保护区建设和当地旅游、科研教学的发展,须进行矿山地质环境恢复治理,方案采取工程措施和生物措施相结合的方式进行综合治理,以消除矿区地质灾害隐患,恢复矿区生态地貌景观。 相似文献
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20.
南盘江上游水污染严重、水资源短缺,而且缺水与污染相互影响.本文以社会经济和水资源这个复杂的耦合系统为研究对象,以促进社会经济持续发展、改善水质、合理利用有限的水资源为总目标,在水污染和水资源供需现状分析、趋势预测的基础上,从水质水量综合决策出发,探讨了南盘江上游水资源的管理对策. 相似文献