共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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汽车尾气是最主要的大气污染源,传统的汽车尾气年检制度与数据管理难以实现对汽车尾气的系统化、自动化、智能化和规范化检测与管理。将车载汽车尾气检测系统(PEMS)、通用分组无线服务系统(GPRS)和计算机技术结合,可以实现对汽车尾气排放数据的自动化采集和智能化管理,是未来汽车尾气监管手段的发展方向。提出了基于PEMS和GPRS技术的远程汽车尾气排放实时监测系统的总体设计思路和系统架构,论述了系统的开发目标和功能需求,并对各个功能模块及实现的关键技术进行了探讨。 相似文献
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机动车排放遥感监测反映实际道路行驶中的排放状况,对全面分析排放水平有很强的统计意义。北京市机动车排放遥感监测的CO、HC和NOx的平均浓度分别为1.94%、388×10-6和700×10-6。北京市机动车排放的CO、HC和NOx中50%分别来自于15.90%、13.98%、11.13%的高排放车,但某车辆对于一种污染物出现高排放并不意味着它对其他污染物也是高排放。根据遥感监测得到北京市轻型汽油车基于油耗的CO、HC和NOx平均尾气管排放因子分别为200.1g/L、11.05 g/L和6.68 g/L。 相似文献
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污水排放的远程监视监测系统 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文介绍了由环保部门通过电脑远程监视、监测所属企业污水排放的情况,并在电脑上自动记录各项监测的数据,当有某项数据超标时能即时声音报警的污水排放远程监视监测系统的设计方案。 相似文献
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环境中溴的污染主要来自汽车尾气,海洋产物的有关制品和某些化工行业的废水、感光材料显影定影冲洗排放水等。由于溴是海水中的常见成分之一,故在古地质年代中由海洋变迁而成的陆地土壤亦含有溴。溴的监测在某些国家已定为常规项 相似文献
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芬兰国家技术研究中心研制成功一种可在道路旁边对过往车辆尾气直接进行检测的新型汽车尾气检测仪。该仪器采用红外线来检测使用汽油和柴油的发动机尾气,可正确测量出市中心街道车流中每辆汽车尾气的排放量,并将尾气排放超标的汽车车牌号记录在案,有关部门将检测结果通报给驾车者 , 相似文献
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基于物联网的农村污水监测系统设计研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对农村污水排放点多、面广、分散、量小等特点,提出了一种利用物联网技术进行农村污水排放情况进行实时监测的系统。通过在农村集中区域部署一定量的环境传感器节点,利用无线网络传输特性,将污水排放情况传输至监测中心。综合利用物联网感知层、网络层及应用层的相关技术,介绍了感知层传感器节点的监测原理,并提出了应用层监控软件的设计方案。该系统可以有效、实时地监测污水排放流量大小、污染程度等情况,对环境监测部门具有一定的决策支持作用。 相似文献
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湖泊蓝藻水华预警监测技术的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
湖泊蓝藻水华已经成为社会公众和政府共同关注的重要环境问题之一。为确保湖泊生态安全以及其周边地区饮用水安全,提高政府应对蓝藻水华的能力,对湖泊蓝藻进行预警监测是判断蓝藻水华发展趋势以及制定相应对策的重要手段。文中从简单的人工观测到实验室分析技术,发展到综合运用多种现代科学技术进行卫星遥感、视频监控、在线监测和水质垂直剖面自动监测系统(无线浮标监测系统)等,全面阐述了蓝藻水华监测技术中的宏观观测和微观分析技术,初步研究了目前湖泊蓝藻预警监测技术的应用。 相似文献
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空气自动监测系统的仪器仪表多样化,以及数据采集装置和数据格式的差异,给系统软硬件的集成,以及数据应用和管理带来了不便,也是构成空气自动监测信息化进程中的技术瓶颈之一,通过对空气自动监测系统软件开发和数据整合模式的对比分析,探讨了解决问题的途径。 相似文献
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Open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for acquisition of fugitive emission flux data
Thoma ED Shores RC Thompson EL Harris DB Thorneloe SA Varma RM Hashmonay RA Modrak MT Natschke DF Gamble HA 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(5):658-668
Air pollutant emission from unconfined sources is an increasingly important environmental issue. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a ground-based optical remote-sensing method that enables direct measurement of fugitive emission flux from large area sources. Open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) has been the primary technique for acquisition of pollutant concentration data used in this emission measurement method. For a number of environmentally important compounds, such as ammonia and methane, open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (OP-TDLAS) is shown to be a viable alternative to Fourier transform spectroscopy for pollutant concentration measurements. Near-IR diode laser spectroscopy systems offer significant operational and cost advantages over Fourier transform instruments enabling more efficient implementation of the measurement strategy. This article reviews the EPA's fugitive emission measurement method and describes its multipath tunable diode laser instrument. Validation testing of the system is discussed. OP-TDLAS versus OP-FTIR correlation testing results for ammonia (R2 = 0.980) and methane (R2 = 0.991) are reported. Two example applications of tunable diode laser-based fugitive emission measurements are presented. 相似文献
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Hashmonay RA 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(8):1100-1106
This paper describes and theoretically evaluates a recently developed method that provides a unique methodology for mapping gaseous emissions from non-point pollutant sources. The horizontal radial plume mapping (HRPM) methodology uses an open-path, path-integrated optical remote sensing (PI-ORS) system in a horizontal plane to directly identify emission hot spots. The radial plume mapping methodology has been well developed, evaluated, and demonstrated. In this paper, the theoretical basis of the HRPM method is explained in the context of the method's reliability and robustness to reconstruct spatially resolved plume maps. Calculation of the condition number of the inversion's kernel matrix showed that this method has minimal error magnification (EM) when the beam geometry is optimized. Minimizing the condition number provides a tool for such optimization of the beam geometry because it indicates minimized EM. Using methane concentration data collected from a landfill with a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) system, it is demonstrated that EM is minimal because the averaged plume map of many reconstructed plume maps is very similar to a plume map generated by the averaged concentration data. It is also shown in the analysis of this dataset that the reconstructions of plume maps are unique for the optimized HRPM beam geometry and independent of the actual algorithm applied. 相似文献
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Mazzoleni C Kuhns HD Moosmüller H Keislar RE Barber PW Robinson NF Watson JG Nikolic D 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(6):711-726
During the spring and summer of 2000, 2001, and 2002, gaseous and particulate matter (PM) fuel-based emission factors for approximately 150,000 low-tailpipe, individual vehicles in the Las Vegas, NV, area were measured via on-road remote sensing. For the gaseous pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxide), a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) was used. The PM emissions were determined using a Lidar-based VERSS. Emission distributions and their shapes were analyzed and compared with previous studies. The large skewness of the distributions is evident for both gaseous pollutants and PM and has important implications for emission reduction policies, because the majority of emissions are attributed to a small fraction of vehicles. Results of this Las Vegas study and studies at other geographical locations were compared. The gaseous pollutants were found to be close to those measured by VERSS in other U.S. cities. The PM emission factors for spark ignition and diesel vehicles are in the range of previous tunnel and dynamometer studies. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2001,35(14):2533-2544
Eddy covariance measurements of methane were carried out over the fen “Murnauer Moos” in the south of Germany in order to evaluate the performance of a newly developed eddy covariance measurement system, based on a frequency-modulated tunable diode laser spectrometer as a fast chemical sensor. During a six-day period, an average daytime methane emission of (5.4±1.8) mg CH4 m−2 h−1 was measured. We find this value moderate, considering the favorable meteorological and soil conditions for methane emission. Diurnal cycles of the fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide as well as of sensible and latent heat are presented. Results are discussed in terms of relevant micrometeorological quantities, and quality control procedures based on Allan variance and spectral analysis are discussed. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2007,41(14):3095-3107
Motor vehicles are one of the largest sources of air pollutants worldwide. Despite their importance, motor vehicle emissions are inadequately understood and quantified, esp. in developing countries. In this study, the real-world emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NO) were measured using an on-road remote sensing system at five sites in Hangzhou, China in 2004 and 2005. Average emission factors of CO, HC and NOx for petrol vehicles of different model year, technology class and vehicle type were calculated in grams of pollutant per unit of fuel use (g l−1) from approximately 32,260 petrol vehicles. Because the availability of data used in traditional on-road mobile source estimation methodologies is limited in China, fuel-based approach was implemented to estimate motor vehicle emissions using fuel sales as a measure of vehicle activity, and exhaust emissions factors from remote sensing measurements. The fuel-based exhaust emission inventories were also compared with the results from the recent international vehicle emission (IVE) model. Results show that petrol vehicle fleet in Hangzhou has significantly high CO emissions, relatively high HC and low NOx, with the average emission factors of 193.07±15.63, 9.51±2.40 and 5.53±0.48 g l−1, respectively. For year 2005 petrol vehicles exhaust emissions contributed with 182,013±16,936, 9107±2255 and 5050±480 metric ton yr−1 of CO, HC and NOx, respectively. The inventories are 45.5% higher, 6.6% higher and 53.7% lower for CO, HC and NOx, respectively, than the estimates using IVE travel-based model. In addition, a number of insights about the emission distributions and formation mechanisms have been obtained from an in-depth analysis of these results. 相似文献
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Claudio Mazzoleni Hampden D. Kuhns Hans Moosmüller Robert E. Keislar Peter W. Barber Norman F. Robinson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):711-726
Abstract During the spring and summer of 2000, 2001, and 2002, gaseous and particulate matter (PM) fuel-based emission factors for ~150,000 low-tailpipe, individual vehicles in the Las Vegas, NV, area were measured via on-road remote sensing. For the gaseous pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxide), a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) was used. The PM emissions were determined using a Lidar-based VERSS. Emission distributions and their shapes were analyzed and compared with previous studies. The large skewness of the distributions is evident for both gaseous pollutants and PM and has important implications for emission reduction policies, because the majority of emissions are attributed to a small fraction of vehicles. Results of this Las Vegas study and studies at other geographical locations were compared. The gaseous pollutants were found to be close to those measured by VERSS in other U.S. cities. The PM emission factors for spark ignition and diesel vehicles are in the range of previous tunnel and dynamometer studies. 相似文献
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José L. Jimenez Michael D. Koplow Mark S. Zahniser Stephan E. Schmidt 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):463-470
ABSTRACT A tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectrometer (TILDAS) was used to remotely sense the nitric oxide (NO) emissions from 1,473 on-road vehicles. The real-world measurement precision of this instrument in the limit of low NO concentration is 5 ppm of the vehicle exhaust, which corresponds to a 3o detection limit of 15 ppm. Our analysis of the distribution of negative concentration measurements produced during this experiment supports this claim, showing that the instrumental noise for this set of measurements was at most 8 ppm in the limit of low NO concentration. The high sensitivity of this instrument allowed us to measure the NO emissions of even the cleanest vehicles. The measured vehicle fleet NO emissions closely fit a gamma distribution with 10% of the fleet contributing about 50% of the total fleet emissions. Newer vehicles had lower NO emissions than older ones, but high NO emitters were found in every vehicle age cohort. On a vehicle-by-vehicle basis, NO emissions correlated very weakly with vehicle velocity, acceleration, power per unit mass, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. High NO emitting vehicles could not be identified by remote sensing of CO or HC emissions and vice versa. When we compared the NO emissions for 117 vehicles measured more than one time, about half of the high NO emitters were found to be very consistent, while the other half varied significantly. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2007,41(39):9099-9110
In the present study, the real-world on-road liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicle/taxi emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitric oxide (NO) were investigated. A regression analysis approach based on the measured LPG vehicle emission data was also used to estimate the on-road LPG vehicle emission factors of CO, HC and NO with respect to the effects of instantaneous vehicle speed and acceleration/deceleration profiles for local urban driving patterns. The results show that the LPG vehicle model years and driving patterns have a strong correlation to their emission factors. A unique correlation of LPG vehicle emission factors (i.e., g km−1 and g l−1) on different model years for urban driving patterns has been established. Finally, a comparison was made between the average LPG, and petrol [Chan, T.L., Ning, Z., Leung, C.W., Cheung, C.S., Hung, W.T., Dong, G., 2004. On-road remote sensing of petrol vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 38, 2055–2066 and 3541] and diesel [Chan, T.L., Ning, Z., 2005. On-road remote sensing of diesel vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 39, 6843–6856] vehicle emission factors. It has shown that the introduction of the replacement of diesel taxis to LPG taxis has alleviated effectively the urban street air pollution. However, it has demonstrated that proper maintenance on the aged LPG taxis should also be taken into consideration. 相似文献