沼泽红假单胞菌W12对活性黑5的厌氧脱色和降解作用

从处理印染废水的厌氧移动床生物膜反应器（moving bed biofilm reactor,MBBR）中分离到一株具有高效脱色活性的沼泽红假单胞菌W12。经实验确定W12对活性黑5（reactive black 5,RB5）脱色的适宜条件为：pH〈10;有光照;谷氨酸盐或乳酸盐作为碳源,当乳酸钠为碳源时浓度应〉500 mg/L;盐度不超过5%;RB5浓度不大于700 mg/L。紫外-可见光谱扫描结果表明,RB5的脱色和降解过程生成芳香胺类化合物,这些中间产物可进一步降解。此外发现,RB5诱导生成的胞外代谢物能提高W12的脱色活性。     

沼泽红假单胞菌H3对酸性红B2GL染料的厌氧脱色和降解作用

从印染厂污泥中分离到一株沼泽红假单胞菌（ＲｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓＨ３），在光照厌氧条件下该菌生长细胞可将１００ｍｇ／Ｌ酸性红Ｂ２ＧＬ染料去除到３０ｍｇ／Ｌ．完整细胞脱色的最适条件为ｐＨ７０，温度３０℃，细胞浓度２０—２５ｍｇ／ｍＬ（湿重）．低浓度的阳离子对脱色影响不大．在通Ａｒ气使严格厌氧和加有还原性辅酶Ｉ的条件下无细胞提取液的脱色活性最高，比活率为１５４×１０－２ｍｇ／（ｍｇ·ｈ）．根据降解产物的分析，推断了该菌对酸性红染料的降解代谢途径．     

光照厌氧条件下沼泽红假单胞菌对砷的抗性及其机制

采用UV-Vis和HPLC-ICP-MS分析方法,在光照厌氧条件下研究了沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris CQV97)对砷(As)的抗性和机制.结果表明,As(Ⅴ)与As(Ⅲ)对R.palustris CQV97的半数效应浓度(EC50)分别为2.3mmol·L-1和0.9mmol·L-1;该菌株能够将As(Ⅴ)还原为As(Ⅲ),不能将As(Ⅲ)转化为As(Ⅴ)或甲基砷;在含有0.1mmol·L-1As(Ⅴ)的培养基中培养80h,细胞积累的总As可达1.32mg·g-1(以干重计),其中,9.8%存在于细胞质中,4.9%与细胞膜的脂质相结合,其余被认为吸附在细胞表面;全细胞、细胞质、细胞膜所含的As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的相对比例分别为16.3%和83.7%、12.1%和87.9%、16.5%和83.5%.静息细胞砷吸附结果表明,与0℃孵育细胞相比,25℃孵育细胞对As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)吸附量较高;灭活细胞对As(Ⅴ)的吸附量进一步提高,而对As(Ⅲ)的吸附量则降低.因此,光照厌氧条件下,R.palustrisCQV97对As具有较强的抗性和吸附特性,对As(Ⅴ)的抗性和吸附性均明显高于As(Ⅲ);其抗砷机制为细胞质As(Ⅴ)的还原途径,具体为在细胞内将As(Ⅴ)还原为As(Ⅲ),继而As(Ⅲ)被转运至细胞外,维持胞内As的含量在较低水平.本研究可为深入理解光合细菌对无机砷的抗性机制、砷的地球化学循环及砷的环境污染和生物修复提供理论参考.     

沼泽红假单胞菌累积聚β-羟基丁酸的研究

以沼泽红假单胞菌为材料,研究了不同培养条件下聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)在微生物体内的累积情况,并用萃取、酯化及质谱联用(GC-MS)技术验证了菌体内累积的PHB。结果表明,在以醋酸钠为碳源、NH4+-N为氮源、中性pH的条件下,菌体内能够最大量的累积PHB,其累积量约为菌体(湿重)的50%。     

沼泽红假单胞菌在蓝藻基质中的生长潜势和碳氮磷利用

为同步高效利用废弃蓝藻和产出活性光合细菌,研究了蓝藻基质中沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonaspalustris）的生长潜势和碳氮磷转化规律.结果表明,温度30℃,光照2000lx,蓝藻浓度>0.87g/L,即可促进R.palustris PUF1生长;蓝藻浓度3g/L,培养108h,PUF1OD₆₅₀虽低于ATYP培养基,但细菌叶绿素a（Bchl a）浓度与ATYP基质相当,表明蓝藻基质可能促进了PUF1光合色素的合成.在细菌对数期后期补加小分子有机酸显著促进蓝藻基质中PUF1再生长,252,444h OD₆₅₀分别是培养108h的191.75%和269.24%,Bchl a分别是108h的206.68%和276.17%.444h蓝藻基质中OD₆₅₀和Bchl a分别是ATYP基质中的130.88%和160.62%,表明长期培养条件下应用天然蓝藻基质更适宜活性PUF1培育.通过分析干物质和藻液中的碳氮磷含量和浓度发现,蓝藻基质中可供给PUF1直接利用的溶解性碳氮磷浓度不平衡,表现为氮充足,碳少量,磷限制.提高蓝藻基质中生物可利用碳浓度对强化光合细菌生长和碳氮磷利用具有重要意义.     

沼泽红假单胞菌在蓝藻基质中的生长潜势和碳氮磷利用

为同步高效利用废弃蓝藻和产出活性光合细菌,研究了蓝藻基质中沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonaspalustris）的生长潜势和碳氮磷转化规律.结果表明,温度30℃,光照2000lx,蓝藻浓度>0.87g/L,即可促进R.palustris PUF1生长;蓝藻浓度3g/L,培养108h,PUF1OD₆₅₀虽低于ATYP培养基,但细菌叶绿素a（Bchl a）浓度与ATYP基质相当,表明蓝藻基质可能促进了PUF1光合色素的合成.在细菌对数期后期补加小分子有机酸显著促进蓝藻基质中PUF1再生长,252,444h OD₆₅₀分别是培养108h的191.75%和269.24%,Bchl a分别是108h的206.68%和276.17%.444h蓝藻基质中OD₆₅₀和Bchl a分别是ATYP基质中的130.88%和160.62%,表明长期培养条件下应用天然蓝藻基质更适宜活性PUF1培育.通过分析干物质和藻液中的碳氮磷含量和浓度发现,蓝藻基质中可供给PUF1直接利用的溶解性碳氮磷浓度不平衡,表现为氮充足,碳少量,磷限制.提高蓝藻基质中生物可利用碳浓度对强化光合细菌生长和碳氮磷利用具有重要意义.     

活性黑5脱色产物对直接黄11生物脱色的促进作用研究

以沼泽红假单胞菌W1为研究对象,考察了活性黑5（reactive black 5,RB5）脱色产物对直接黄11（direct yellow 11,DY11）生物脱色的影响,并对其机制进行了分析.结果表明,RB5脱色产物能明显加快DY11生物脱色的速率.初始浓度为200 mg/L的DY11加入RB5脱色产物后脱色动力学常数k值可由17 mg/(L·h)增加到42.5 mg/(L·h),优化RB5脱色产物投量,k值可进一步提高到48.8　mg/(L·h).循环伏安分析结果表明,RB5脱色产物具有电化学活性,可媒介电子的转移,其可逆氧化峰（E₀）位于83　mV,可逆还原峰（E_r）位于－220　mV.FT-IR和HPLC-MS的分析结果表明,RB5脱色产物中具有电化学活性的物质为TAHNDS_DP-1.TAHNDS_DP-1具有醌式结构,能通过得失2［H］的方式在氧化态和还原态之间转化,可作为氧化还原介体加速菌株W1对DY11的还原.     

沼泽红假单胞菌高效产氢hupL缺失突变株的构建

利用湖底淤泥分离的沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)CQU01作为出发菌株,构建吸氢酶大亚基基因hupL缺失突变株,以提高光合细菌菌株的产氢效率.以PCR扩增的hupL两侧hupS 和 hupC基因为同源重组双交换臂,连入pMD18-T载体;再将hupS, hupC 和Kmr基因与经SalⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切的pSUP202,构建靶向自杀载体pBPZ.经接合转移转化R. palustris CQU01菌株,成功获得沼泽红假单胞菌吸氢酶活性缺失突变株R. palustris CQU012.测定突变株的吸氢酶活性及生长和产氢特性,结果表明,突变株的产氢量比野生菌株提高了约50%,而生长特性与野生菌株没有显著差异.R. palustris CQU012 吸氢酶缺失突变株可望为工业废水的生物治理提供高效产氢工程菌株.     

沼泽红假单胞菌PSB06对辣椒根际微生物群落结构的影响

生物农药的使用极大地减少了对环境的污染,探究生物农药对致病菌的细菌多样性及群落分布将为后续研究生物农药对致病菌的微生态调控提供理论依据.本研究运用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析比较辣椒健康植株与疫病发病植株根际土壤微生物多样性,以及研究沼泽红假单胞菌PSB06对植株根际土壤的微生物多样性影响,探究沼泽红假单胞菌PSB06对辣椒疫病的微生态调控机制.结果显示,在第7 d和第14 d的来自同一处理的根际土壤细菌群落多样性变化没有显著差异,辣椒疫病发病植株根际土壤微生物多样性均小于健康植株根际土壤微生物多样性且喷洒沼泽红假单胞菌PSB06发酵液的土样微生物多样性最高;辣椒疫病发病植株根际土壤中放线菌丰度均小于健康植株且喷洒沼泽红假单胞菌菌剂PSB06的土壤中放线菌的丰度最高.辣椒发病植株与健康植株根际土壤中微生物多样性存在显著差异.施用沼泽红假单胞菌可以改善土壤微生物区系,提高土壤微生物群落丰富性以及土壤中放线菌所占的丰度.     

沼泽红假单胞菌phbC-hupL双突变株构建及产氢测定

利用湖底淤泥分离的沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)CQU01和该菌株的吸氢酶基因hupL缺失菌株CQU012作为出发菌株,分别构建聚羟基丁酸酯合成酶基因phbC单突变株及聚羟基丁酸酯合成酶基因phbC与吸氢酶基因hupL双突变株,以提高其在光照培养条件下的产氢量.以同源重组双交换方法构建含有Em抗性基因的自杀载体,通过接合转移转化R. palustris CQU01菌株,经PCR扩增以及测序验证,成功获得了沼泽红假单胞菌phbC单突变株R. palustris CQU013及phbC-hupL双突变株R. palustris CQU014.相同条件下测定突变菌株与野生菌株的生长和产氢特性,结果显示,突变菌株生长曲线与野生菌株有明显差异,两株突变菌株的产氢量分别是原始菌株的1.31和1.76倍,达到454mL/L和604mL/L.双突变菌株产氢能力较phbC基因和hupL基因单突变菌株的产氢能力有明显提高,说明phbC和hupL基因对菌株R. palustris 的产氢代谢有着显著的影响.     

活性艳蓝KN-R的生物吸附脱色研究

从广州某印染厂生化处理池的污泥中筛选到一株对蒽醌染料具有高效吸附脱色作用的菌株HX.考察了碳源浓度、氮源浓度、盐度、染料浓度对蒽醌染料KN-R吸附脱色的影响.结果表明,对于接入的生长菌体,碳源浓度高于7.5g/L时,染料才能完全脱色;染料对菌株HX的生长有一定抑制性,但菌株HX仍表现出了优异的吸附性能,对于250mg/L的KN-R可在48h内完全脱色,400mg/L组在72h内脱色率达94%,600mg/L组72h脱色率可达78.4%;有机氮对染料的脱色起到一定的促进作用,对吸附菌的生长和染料的脱色不是决定性因素;盐度可促进染料的吸附脱色,其同离子效应和盐度效应决定了盐度组的完全脱色时间要比不加入盐度组长;吸附菌HX的生长和染料脱色同步进行,菌体干重达最大时染料的脱色率亦达最大.     

中高温条件下活性红KE-3B厌氧脱色特性和机理初探

以活性红KE-3B为例,考察了中高温条件下盐度、VFAs(挥发性脂肪酸)、污泥的吸附等对其厌氧脱色的影响,从产气量和生物气组分来探讨活性红KE-3B厌氧脱色的形式和程度,并对活性红KE-3B的厌氧脱色机理作初步探讨.结果显示,高温更有利于活性红KE-3B的脱色,脱色率可以达到98%以上,维持高脱色率的最高盐度为600mmol·L-1,并且在脱色过程中,没有发现活性红KE-3B被矿化,其主要脱色形式为初级降解.     

Effect of viscosity, basicity and organic content of composite flocculant on the decolorization performance and mechanism for reactive dyeing wastewater

A coagulation/flocculation process using the composite flocculant polyaluminum chloride-epichlorohydrin dimethylamine (PAC-EPI-DMA) was employed for the treatment of an anionic azo dye (Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP dye). The effect of viscosity (ηup), basicity (B = [OH]/[Al]) and organic content (W_P) on the flocculation performance as well as the mechanism of PAC-EPI-DMA flocculant were investigated. The ηup was the key factor affecting the dye removal efficiency of PAC-EPI-DMA. PAC-EPI-DMA with an intermediate ηup (2400 mPa.sec) gave higher decolorization efficiency by adsorption bridging and charge neutralization due to the co-effect of PAC and EPI-DMA polymers. The W_P of the composite flocculant was a minor important factor for the flocculation. The adsorption bridging of PAC-EPI-DMA with ηup of 300 or 4300 mPa.sec played an important role with the increase of W_P, whereas the charge neutralization of them was weaker with the increase of W_P. There was interaction between W_P and B on the removal of reactive dye. The composite flocculant with intermediate viscosity and organic content was effective for the treatment of reactive dyeing wastewater, which could achieve high reactive dye removal efficiency with low organic dosage.     

Biodecolorization and partial mineralization of Reactive Black 5 by a strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

A strain of photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris W1, isolated from a lab-scale anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treating textile e?uent was demonstrated to decolorize Reactive Black 5 (RB5) effciently under anaerobic condition. By a series of batch tests, the suitable conditions for RB5 decolorization were obtained, namely, pH < 10, light presence, glutamine or lactate as carbon source with concentration more than 500 mg/L when lactate is selected, NH4Cl as a nitrogen source with ...     

Comparison of decolorization of reactive microorganisms isolated from various sources

Azo dyes are among the oldest man-made chemicals and they are still widely used in the textile, printing and the food industries.About 10% - 15% of the total dyes used in the industry is released into the environment during the manufacturing and usage. Some dyes and some of their N-substituted aromatic bio-transformation products are toxic and/or carcinogenic and therefore these dyes are considered to beenvironmental pollutants and health hazards. These azo dyes are degraded by physico-chemical and biological methods. Of these, biological methods are considered to be the most economical and efficient. In this work, attempts were made to degrade these dyes aerobically. Theorganisms which were efficient in degrading the following azo dyes-Red RB, Remazol Red, Remazol Blue, Remazol Violet, Remazol Yellow,Golden Yellow, Remazol Orange, Remazol Black- were isolated from three different sources viz., wastewater treatment plant, paper milleffluent treatment plant and tannery was tewater treatment plant. The efficiency of azo dye degradation by mixed cultures from each source wasanalyzed. It was found that mixed cultures from tannery treatment plant worked efficiently in decolorizing Remazol Red, Remazol Orange,Remazol Blue and Remazol Violet, while mixed cultures from the paper mill effluent worked efficiently in decolorizing Red RB, Golden Yellow and Remazol Yellow. The mixed cultures from wastewater treatment plant efficiently decolorized Remazol Black.