垃圾处理产业体系的构建原则

垃圾处理产业体系的构建应从实际出发,坚持“政府引导,社区组织、企业参与、自产自消、因地制宜、源头控制、资源回收利用”的原则和“物质利用先于能量利用,物质再利用先于物质再生利用”的资源回收利用原则,并按部就班实施。     

Applying the precautionary principle to consumer household cleaning product development

Hazardous chemicals are pervasive in household disinfectant products. Many ingredients have established associations with acute and chronic human health conditions as well as with environmental damage. Although these associations are suggested but not proven, they are of great concern. This article describes the application of the precautionary principle to the selection of an anti-microbial active ingredient for a botanical disinfectant when significant uncertainty exists around the hazard and risk of traditional disinfectant active ingredients. We show that application of the precautionary principle does not stifle innovation and facilitates a responsible approach to product development.     

Imprints from the global cosmological expansion to the local spacetime dynamics

We study the general relativistic spacetime metrics surrounding massive cosmological objects, such as suns, stars, galaxies or galaxy clusters. The question addressed here is the transition of local, object-related spacetime metrics into the global, cosmological Robertson-Walker metrics. We demonstrate that the answer often quoted for this problem from the literature, the so-called Einstein-Straus vacuole, which connects a static outer Schwarzschild solution with the time-dependent Robertson-Walker universe, is inadequate to describe the local spacetime of a gravitationally bound system. Thus, we derive here an alternative model describing such bound systems by a metrics more closely tied to the fundamental problem of structure formation in the early universe and obtain a multitude of solutions characterising the time-dependence of a local scale parameter. As we can show, a specific solution out of this multitude is able to, as a by-product, surprisingly enough, explain the presently much discussed phenomenon of the PIONEER anomaly.     

基于光漫反射的真空皮带脱水机滤布纠偏原理

介绍了湿法脱硫系统中真空皮带脱水机滤布的一种光漫反射纠偏装置,包括其主要部件如光漫反射传感器、电动推杆驱动装置、滤布控制滚轮等,重点阐述了光漫反射纠偏装置的工作原理及纠偏过程。光漫反射纠偏装置的主要原理是通过光漫反射传感器的输出信号来判断滤布的跑偏,根据光漫反射传感器的输出信号,DCS控制系统发送指令启动可伸缩的电动推杆装置来伸长和收缩推杆,从而控制滤布滚轮围绕着旋转点进行相应的倾斜调整,使滤布回到其中心位置。     

近红外光谱技术结合主成分聚类分析判别海面溢油种类

鉴于目前没有一种方法能独立解决溢油鉴别的所有问题,本文提出了近红外光谱技术结合主成分聚类分析鉴别溢油种类的方法。通过有机溶剂萃取出自行配制的汽油、柴油和润滑油模拟样品中的溢油后记录其近红外光谱,对5800～6200cm-1区段范围内的谱图经多元散射校正(MSC)、Norris一阶导数平滑预处理处理后求其主成分,并在主成分的基础上引入Ward聚类分析法(离差平方和法)对样品分类。结果表明近红外光谱技术结合聚类分析能对体积分数在0.4～0.8mL/L间的海面溢油样品正确、快速分类,近红外光谱技术结合主成分聚类可作为溢油鉴别的一种辅助方法。     

露天开采对周边地面的影响特点与破坏区划分方法的研究

露天开挖将引周围岩体的变形,随着采深和坡角的增大,其影响范围和影响程度都将增大。在我国有许多老矿区周边是密集城市群,开挖引起的变形对周边各种建筑设施和工厂的安全产生严重的影响。本文主要研究和探讨露天开采对地面建筑设施的影响特点,并就变形可能产生破坏程度进行分析,从而给出一般变形区、危险区和破坏区的划分原则和划分方法,以便为治理措施提供科学依据。     

Wolfgang Priester: from the big bounce to the $\Lambda$-dominated universe

Wolfgang Priester (1924–2005) was one of Germany’s most versatile and quixotic astrophysicists, reinventing himself successively as a radio astronomer, space physicist and cosmologist, and making a lasting impact on each field. We focus in this personal account on his contributions to cosmology, where he will be most remembered for his association with quasars, his promotion of the idea of a nonsingular “big bounce” at the beginning of the current expansionary phase, and his recognition of the importance of dark energy (Einstein’s cosmological constant Λ) well before this became the standard paradigm in cosmology. In memoriam Wolfgang Priester, 22 April 1924 – 9 July 2005     

Cosmic vacuum energy decay and creation of cosmic matter

In the more recent literature on cosmological evolutions of the universe, the cosmic vacuum energy has become a nonrenouncable ingredient. The cosmological constant Λ, first invented by Einstein, but later also rejected by him, presently experiences an astonishing revival. Interestingly enough, it acts like a constant vacuum energy density would also do. Namely, it has an accelerating action on cosmic dynamics, without which, as it appears, presently obtained cosmological data cannot be conciliated with theory. As we are going to show in this review, however, the concept of a constant vacuum energy density is unsatisfactory for very basic reasons because it would claim for a physical reality that acts upon spacetime and matter dynamics without itself being acted upon by spacetime or matter.     

浅谈城市现代化过程中的生态问题

城市现代化是社会发展的必然要求，是城市化发展的总体趋势，本文提出了城市现代化的概念，并以广州市为例，注重从生态角度上分析了城市现代化进程中存在的生态问题，指出城市现代化建设所必须遵循的生态原则，并给出了广州市目前城市现代化建设应采取的一些生态措施。     

“一事不再罚”原则在环保行政处罚中的运用

“一事不再罚”是行政处罚的基本原则之一,在我国,“一事不再罚”原则在《行政处罚法》中有集中体现.本文从我国一事不再罚原则的概念和含义出发,结合环保工作实际,从一事不再罚原则在环保行政处罚中的具体应用方面进行探讨.     

浅议高校生态文明校园建设

生态文明校园建设是生态文明建设的微观体现,高校生态文明校园建设是环境保护、和谐校园建设、文明校．园建设、节约型校园建设的需要;生态文明校园建设要坚持美化与绿化、生态与循环、可持续与节约原则;生态文明校园建设方法为加大宣传和教育力度,投入固体废弃物处置设备,建立水处理循环系统,利用太阳能,推行节约措施,使用粪便和垃圾生产沼气等。     

环境污染责任保险的环境法解释与制度构造

环境污染责任保险是环境污染损害救济社会化的重要途径和完善环境污染损害救济机制的必由之路。中国环境污染责任保险制度的真正建立和运行,需要运用环境法的基本理念和思想对传统责任保险制度进行重新审视和构造。环境污染责任保险制度设计的关键在于合理贯彻环境法的理论思想,运用风险预防、生态正义之理念,环境污染损害救济、环境权等理论思想进行理论诠释,在保险方式、责任基础、承保范围、赔付范围及赔偿限额等方面构造中国的环境污染责任保险制度,以发挥环境污染责任保险之风险预防、损害救济和稳定社会秩序的功能。     

哈尔滨市生活垃圾处理现状及未来处理途径的浅析

随着哈尔滨市的经济发展和城市化进程的加快,城市垃圾问题日益显现出来,城市垃圾处理也越来越受到重视.针对哈尔滨市的城市垃圾处理现状和特点,提出适合本市的垃圾收集方式,有效的将垃圾治理纳入可持续发展轨道,将垃圾处理转变到减量化、无害化和资源化,实现城市人与社会、环境的和谐发展.     

波浪槽模拟海况检验消油剂的乳化性能

采用波浪槽模拟海浪的运动状况,研究了波浪对消油剂清除海面溢油的作用,检验了海环牌1号消油剂海上使用的乳 化率性能,阐明了消油剂在波浪作用下的乳化分散规律。     

微界面水质过程的理论与模式应用

水体颗粒物群体与水溶液构成微界面体系,共多种表面反应过程决定着天然水的水质,并且为水处理工艺所利用来净化水质。西方综述表面配位理论与模式的进展。主要简要介绍环境消化重点实验室近年来在此领域进行的部分研究工作,藉以反映这一领域中可广泛涉及的环境水质学问题。     

辐射污染防治地方立法评析

由于国家立法的缺失,近年来中国的辐射污染防治地方立法十分活跃。将放射性污染防治和电磁辐射污染防治合并,制定综合性的辐射污染防治法已成为地方立法的趋势。两种辐射污染同中有异,在污染特性、危害原理和危害程度上有明显的区别,综合性立法既有必要又具可行性。但现有立法未能反映两种辐射污染防治的根本不同,特别是回避和混淆两种辐射污染的防治原则,确立电磁辐射污染防治适用风险预防原则是当务之亟。     

大学语文教学艺术初探

大学语文教学是传播文化观念、提高大学生人文素质的主渠道,本文从大学语文教学的内容、模式、原则以及方法等不同角度来探讨如何加强大学语文教学效果,如何在提高大学生母语运用能力的同时,培养其高尚的道德情操和健康的审美情趣.     

先进复合材料的腐蚀及与金属偶接的相容性原则

通过总结和分析目前国内外碳纤维环氧复合材料腐蚀研究的现状,对碳纤维及其环氧复合材料的基本特点和电化学特性进行了讨论,对电偶腐蚀基本规律及理论进行初步的分析,根据电化学极化理论、腐蚀热力学及动力学理论、现代表面和界面分析技术的研究成果,综合分析碳纤维环氧复合材料对偶接金属腐蚀行为及规律的影响,探讨复合材料与金属电偶腐蚀的相容性原则。     

Institutional and cost implications of multi-project baselines

Starting from a theoreticalnotion of capacity building this paperfocuses on the implications ofmulti-project baselines for costs andinstitutions. Availability of data and thelevel of data aggregation determine to alarge extent the cost of derivingmulti-project baselines. For localinstitutions this implies that theircapacity development needs are linked todecisions made on strictness of baselines.The initial higher costs of multi-projectcalculations in the development stage areeasily offset once more projects will usesuch a baseline. This paper argues theseinitial demands are not as high asexpected. Multi-project approaches willreduce transaction costs, especially forsmall-scale projects, will reducevalidation costs and likely reduce humanresource demands in other stages of theproject cycle.