产业生态化对企业竞争力构成因素的影响评价

20世纪90年代初兴起的产业生态理论引起了多个研究领域的关注.然而,时至今日该理论还远没有深入到对企业竞争力影响研究的机制层次,现有的零星研究也仅仅停留在基本的定性分析框架内.探讨了产业生态化对企业竞争力构成因素的影响及其机制,在此基础上构建基于产业生态化的企业竞争力指标体系,以及通过对两者关系的梳理,为中国企业竞争力的提升及产业生态化的实践提供参考.     

联合国新千年生态系统评价项目已完成

联会国新千年生态系统项目（MA）已于2006年3月完成。这是迄今对全世界生态系统健康状况进行评价的最大项目，该项目于2001年由联合园秘书长安南发起，旨在为决策者提供依据，也作为公众参与的手段。95个国家的1360名专家参与评价，并有80人组成的评议团，资料来源于各国科学文献、数据库和数学摸式计算。     

上海市生态系统质量评价及其演变特征分析研究

城市化发展引起的土地利用方式和生态系统质量的变化逐渐引起人们的重视,人类的社会经济活动已经对生态系统的结构和功能造成了很大影响。以上海市为研究对象,从生态系统结构、功能和胁迫3个方面构建生态系统质量评价模型,研究了2000年、2005年、2010年3个时期生态系统质量变化、空间差异及其影响因素。结果表明,崇明县和中心城区生态结构指数最高;崇明县功能指数最高,中心城区最低;崇明县受城市化胁迫最小,中心城区胁迫最大。崇明县是上海市生态系统质量最好的区域,3个时期生态系统质量指数均处于1级水平,中心城区生态系统质量最差。提供了一种生态系统质量评价的方法,研究结果揭示了上海市2000-2010年生态系统质量演变趋势,可以为上海市生态系统管理提供参考依据。     

产业园区规划环境影响跟踪评价重点问题研究

系统梳理2002年以来产业园区规划环境影响跟踪评价相关政策文件、技术规范和研究内容,从跟踪评价概念、对象、时限、内容及开展意义等方面解析跟踪评价的内涵;全面阐述产业园区跟踪评价开展现状及重点问题;明确评价目的和对象,针对性提出跟踪评价工作的主要内容,包括规划环境影响评价落实情况梳理、资源环境主要制约因素识别、现行规划优化调整建议提出、规划环境影响评价的科学性和有效性分析、公众参与等;同时,提出开展跟踪评价的相关建议。     

生态系统健康研究综述与展望

生态系统健康是新兴的生态系统管理学概念,是环境管理和生态系统管理的目标.在调研文献的基础上阐述了生态系统健康概念的产生、发展及内涵,分析了不同尺度下的评价指标体系,着重回顾和讨论了生态系统健康的评价方法及其存在的问题,以期为生态系统管理提供理论基础.     

基于生态系统医学的城市生态系统健康诊治研究

城市生态系统健康诊治包括评价、诊断和治疗(调控),是融入生态系统医学和人体健康观点的新方法。建立类似于人体系统的健康评价指标体系,运用熵值赋权法和多专家打分赋权法确定指标权重,通过城市生态系统健康评价模型计算健康隶属度值并进行健康状态分级。连云港研究案例表明:连云港生态系统中的城市循环系统以及城市生殖系统仍然处于病态,应对其进行针对性的治疗;城市防御系统虽然有所好转,但仍然不容乐观;城市消化系统现在问题逐步凸现,应该给予足够的重视并做好防御准备。根据诊断结果并结合统计指标的原始数据与评价标准的对比分析,找到城市生态系统健康问题的症结,给出相应的健康诊治建议。     

物种多样性的雨林法则

据生态学家们研究所知,热带雨林中的生物物种最为丰富,同时,在地球众多生态系统中,又是物种消亡最大的系统,每年都有0．25％的雨林物种永远消失。生物学者讲,了解雨林生物活动的内在进程,将有助于了解规律,阻止近年来加速的生物多样丧失。     

增强的UV-B辐射对陆地生态系统的影响

本文根据最近的文献,回顾了ＵＶ－ Ｂ 辐射对陆地生态系统的影响。ＵＶ－ Ｂ 辐射影响植物物候、形态和次生代谢,从而改变生态系统的物种结构、竞争性平衡、食物链、植物病原体、物质循环、真菌移殖与叶片分解。植物物候、形态和次生代谢的变化是ＵＶ－ Ｂ 辐射调控影响生态系统的重要途径,具有重要的生态学意义。虽然我们已经适当了解了ＵＶ－ Ｂ 辐射对植物作用的机理,但由于温室内植物个体水平的短期响应与野外条件下生态系统的长期响应具有明显的差异,到目前为止还不能预测ＵＶ－ Ｂ辐射影响生态系统的精确后果,有时甚至连变化方向也不能预测。因此,必须强调生态系统对ＵＶ－ Ｂ 辐射长期响应的野外研究的重要性。     

环评中生物多样性影响评价内容与方法探析

环境影响评价(简称"环评")中生物多样性影响评价在生物多样性保护中具有重要的作用。介绍了环评中生物多样性影响评价的基本内涵和主要特征及其在中国的发展现状,分析了现有评价内容和方法所存在的不足,并提出从完善评价指标体系、建立有效的评价预测模型、加强GIS技术在实际评价工作中的实践来加强环评中生物多样性影响评价工作。     

Assessment of total concentrations of heavy metals in industrial sludges from the North of Vietnam and their potential impact on the ecosystem

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Industrial sludges from wastewater treatment plants of industrial parks and a drinking water treatment plant in northern Vietnam were investigated in...     

Advanced research tools for fungal diversity and its impact on forest ecosystem

Fungi are dominant ecological participants in the forest ecosystems, which play a major role in recycling organic matter and channeling nutrients across trophic levels. Fungal populations are shaped by plant communities and environmental parameters, and in turn, fungal communities also impact the forest ecosystem through intrinsic participation of different fungal guilds. Mycorrhizal fungi result in conservation and stability of forest ecosystem, while pathogenic fungi can bring change in forest ecosystem, by replacing the dominant plant species with new or exotic plant species. Saprotrophic fungi, being ecological regulators in the forest ecosystem, convert dead tree logs into reusable constituents and complete the ecological cycles of nitrogen and carbon. However, fungal communities have not been studied in-depth with respect to functional, spatiotemporal, or environmental parameters. Previously, fungal diversity and its role in shaping the forest ecosystem were studied by traditional and laborious cultural methods, which were unable to achieve real-time results and draw a conclusive picture of fungal communities. This review highlights the latest advances in biological methods such as next-generation sequencing and meta’omics for observing fungal diversity in the forest ecosystem, the role of different fungal groups in shaping forest ecosystem, forest productivity, and nutrient cycling at global scales.

     

Assessment of management-dependent nutrient losses in tropical industrial tree plantations

Industrial tree plantations in the tropics usually follow short rotations and intensive site management including slash and burn, and the use of heavy machinery. We attempt to quantify the implied nutrient losses (harvest export, erosion, slash and burn, leaching) in order to give plantation managers a chance to understand the significance of their planning and decisions. We used the scarce globally available information and a case study plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia (Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus deglupta). Adaptation involves problems and is discussed in some detail. Results are approximate only. Assuming a harvest volume of 200 m3 ha(-1), we assessed a loss of 427-680 kg ha(-1) N, 12-13 kg ha(-1) P, 178-252 kg ha(-1) Ca, 276-370 kg ha(-1) K, and 45-57 kg ha(-1) Mg per rotation. Of this overall loss, stand harvest accounted for 18-29% (N), 21-30% (P), 56-26% (K), 48-64% (Ca) and 22-37% (Mg). This means that the cumulative loss by erosion, slash and burn, and leaching exceeds that of the harvest. These losses can be influenced by management.     

Abundance and diversity of Sphingomonas in Shenfu petroleum-wastewater irrigation zone, China

Introduction  

Members of the genus Sphingomonas have raised increasing attention due to their ability for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation and their ubiquity in the environment. However, few studies have revealed the ecological information on the abundance and diversity of Sphingomonas in the environment.     

Natural attenuation/phytoremediation in the vadose zone of a former industrial sludge basin

The natural attenuation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vadose zone of a naturally revegetated former industrial sludge basin (0.45 ha) was examined. This was accomplished by comparing the concentration of 16 PAH contaminants present in sludge collected below the root zone of plants with contaminants present at 3 shallower depths within the root zone. Chemical analysis of 240 samples from 60 cores showed the average concentration of total and individual PAHs in the 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and bottom of the root zone strata were approximately 10, 20, and 50%, respectively, of the 16, 800 ppm average total PAH concentration in deep non-rooted sludge. Statistically significant differences in average PAH concentrations were observed between each strata studied and the non-rooted sludge except for the concentrations of acenaphthene and chrysene present at the bottom of the root zone in comparison to sludge values. The rooting depth of the vegetation growing in the basin was dependent on both vegetation type and plant age. Average rooting depths for trees, forbs (herbaceous non-grasses), and grasses were 90, 60, and 50 cm, respectively. The deepest root systems observed (100-120 cm) were associated with the oldest (12-14 year-old) mulberry trees. Examination of root systems and PAH concentrations at numerous locations and depths within the basin indicated that plant roots and their microbially active rhizospheres fostered PAH disappearance; including water insoluble, low volatility compounds, i.e. benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene. The reduced concentration of PAHs in the upper strata of this revegetated former sludge basin indicated that natural attenuation had occurred. This observation supports the concept that through appropriate planting and management practices (phytoremediation) it will be possible to accelerate, maximize, and sustain natural processes, whereby even the most recalcitrant PAH contaminants (i.e. benzo(a)pyrene) can be remediated over time.     

Assimilative capacity and pollutant dispersion studies for the industrial zone of Manali

In this study the micro-meteorological parameters have been analyzed and the assimilative capacity of Manali is estimated on the basis of ventilation coefficient for the four seasons of the year 1998. Among the various seasons, summer has the lowest pollution potential. The industrial source complex short-term model has been used to predict the spatial distribution of three pollutants namely sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and suspended particulate matter. The model has been validated using the data measured at site. Statistical evaluation of the model indicates satisfactory performance. Using the model predictions, isopleths have been drawn. The northeastern part of Manali has been identified as vulnerable to high levels of pollution necessitating mitigation measures to be initiated in the region.     

Assessment and potential of ecosystem services of ornamental dendroflora in public green areas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The green infrastructure of the city of Novi Sad is characterized by a significant presence of ornamental invasive alien species, which might lead to...     

Fish community diversity in a coastal zone at southeastern Gulf of California,Mexico

Although the southeast region of the Gulf of California has a high fish diversity, due to the high biological productivity, the coastal area of Nayarit has few studies in this regard. The main objective of this work is to describe the variability of the structure of the ichthyofauna in the coastal zone of Nayarit during an annual cycle. Biological samples were collected at 10 stations during February, May, July, and December 2014. The temperature, depth, salinity, and organic material and carbonates in sediments were also recorded. The analysis of diversity includes three facets: ecological, taxonomic, and functional. A total of 82 species belonging to 56 genera, 31 families, 11 orders, and two classes were identified. The most abundant species included Selene peruviana, Stellifer wintersteenorum, Cathorops sp., and Larimus argenteus. Of the total of identified species, 62% were considered as rare according to their abundance and frequency. Although the environmental variables analyzed were variable, all diversity indices did not reveal an evident spatio-seasonal pattern. Likewise, most values of average taxonomic distinctness presented the expected values. However, some values showed a low taxonomic diversity. The indices of functional diversity showed a stable functional richness and redundancy in the attributes of the species.

     

Emergy-based comparative analysis on industrial clusters: economic and technological development zone of Shenyang area,China

In China, local governments of many areas prefer to give priority to the development of heavy industrial clusters in pursuit of high value of gross domestic production (GDP) growth to get political achievements, which usually results in higher costs from ecological degradation and environmental pollution. Therefore, effective methods and reasonable evaluation system are urgently needed to evaluate the overall efficiency of industrial clusters. Emergy methods links economic and ecological systems together, which can evaluate the contribution of ecological products and services as well as the load placed on environmental systems. This method has been successfully applied in many case studies of ecosystem but seldom in industrial clusters. This study applied the methodology of emergy analysis to perform the efficiency of industrial clusters through a series of emergy-based indices as well as the proposed indicators. A case study of Shenyang Economic Technological Development Area (SETDA) was investigated to show the emergy method’s practical potential to evaluate industrial clusters to inform environmental policy making. The results of our study showed that the industrial cluster of electric equipment and electronic manufacturing produced the most economic value and had the highest efficiency of energy utilization among the four industrial clusters. However, the sustainability index of the industrial cluster of food and beverage processing was better than the other industrial clusters.     

Assessment of tropospheric ozone at an industrial site of Chennai megacity

This paper presents the temporal variation in surface-level ozone (O₃) measured at Gummidipoondi near Chennai, Tamilnadu. The site chosen for the present study has high potential for ozone generation sources, such as vehicular traffic and industrial activities. The site is also located near a hazardous waste management facility. The key sources of nitrogen oxides (NO_x), which are considered to be an important precursor of O₃, include hazardous waste incineration, trucks bringing the hazardous wastes, and vehicles plying on the nearby National Highway 16 (NH 16). The measurements clearly showed diurnal variation, with maximum values observed during the noon hours and minimum values observed when solar radiation was less. The data showed a marked seasonal variation in O₃, with the highest hourly average O₃ concentration (497.2 µg/m³) in the summer season. Consequently, in order to identify the long-range transport sources adding to the increased O₃ levels, backward trajectories were computed using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. It was found that the polluted air mass originated from the Southeast Asian region and the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The polluted air mass, which advected large amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) plumes, was analyzed using the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) retrievals. The correlations of O₃ with temperature (r = 0.746; P < 0.01) and solar radiation (r = 0.751; P < 0.01) were strongly positive, and that with NO_x was found to be negative. Stronger correlation of O₃ with NO_x was observed during pre-monsoon months (r = 0.627; P < 0.01) and following hours of photochemical reactions. There were substantial differences in concentrations between weekdays and weekends, with higher nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), but lower O₃, concentrations on weekdays. A substantial weekday-weekend difference in O₃, which was higher on weekends, appears to be attributable to lower daytime traffic activity and hence reduced emissions of NO_x to a “NO_x-saturated” atmosphere.

Implications: The assessment of ground-level ozone in an industrial area with hazardous waste management facility is very important, as there is high possibility for more generation of tropospheric ozone. Since the location of the study area is coastal, wind plays a major role in O₃ transportation; hence, the effects of wind speed and wind direction have been studied in different seasons. When compared with the other studies carried out in different places across India, the present study area has recorded much greater O₃ mixing ratio. This study can be useful for setting up control strategies in such industrial areas.