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家畜沤肥浸渍液对青椒枯萎病的防治及作用机理 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究表明家畜沤肥浸渍液对青枯萎病具有显著防治效果,其中猪粪沤肥浸液在温室盆栽的防治效果为88.5%,马粪、牛粪沤肥浸渍液在温室盆栽的防治效果分别为56.6%和65.5%,作用机理研究结果表明,①三种沤肥浸渍液对青椒枯萎病菌的厚坦孢子、小孢子都具有强烈的溶菌作用。②沤肥微生物中具有对青椒枯萎病菌有强烈的拮抗作用的细菌。③沤肥浸渍液处理青椒后,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,多酚氧化酶,苯丙氨酸转氨酶活性分别增高12.0%、367.0%和20.0%。④沤肥浸渍液处理青椒后,其植株高度、叶片厚度和叶脉直径均比对照有所增高。显示防病机理既有拮抗作用,又有诱导抗性作用。表5参12 相似文献
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拮抗菌对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
测定了从沤肥浸渍液和土壤中分离并筛选得到对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性的6个菌株,编号为94-I、94-Ⅱ、94-Ⅲ、96-Ⅰ和98-Ⅱ,测定其孢子悬浮培养16h时对黄瓜枯萎菌的抑制率分别为48.29%、0.00%、60.69%、39.28%、61.29%和72.32%,孢子和菌丝有的变畸形并产生大泡囊;平皿拮抗试验表明,其活体浓度为50%时对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为74.52%、83.27%、90.60%、88.59%、89.35%和94.30%;而其相同浓度高压蒸汽灭活后的代谢产物对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为33.215、52.22%、62.84%、46.57%、47.61%和70.34%。 相似文献
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不同嫁接方式对黄瓜嫁接苗成活及生长特性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了不同嫁接方式对黄瓜嫁接苗成活率、生物学性状及其植株抗病性的影响.结果表明:以湘园三号黄瓜作为接穗,黑籽南瓜作为砧木,采用靠接、顶插、劈切、芽接四种嫁接方式,其嫁接苗成活率分别为100.0%、78.4%、92.9%和75.5%;其平均株高、平均真叶数均以靠接苗为大,分别为15.8cm、3.0片;四种嫁接苗的平均株幅无明显差异.以津春二号黄瓜作为接穗,分别以黑籽南瓜和西葫芦作为砧木,均采用靠接方式,其靠接苗成活率分别为99.4%、100.0%,平均株高、平均株幅和真叶数均以前者为大.经嫁接后,黄瓜植株枯萎病发病率明显下降,控制在0-14.0%范围之内;而未经嫁接的津春二号(对照1)、津春三号(对照2)黄瓜植株,病株率分别达到48.0%、36.0%. 相似文献
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微生物降解蔬菜残留农药研究 总被引:34,自引:2,他引:34
从富集培养物中筛选到以甲胺磷为唯一碳源生长的菌株NMJ5和以乐果为唯一碳源生长的菌株NML3,经鉴定分别为芽孢杆菌属(Bacilussp.)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonassp.).它们利用甲胺磷、乐果生长的最适条件及在无机盐培养基中农药最大耐受浓度分别为pH7.5,t=35℃,ρ=1000mg/L和pH7.5,t=30℃,ρ=2000mg/L.在无碳基础培养基内单菌株培养8d,524mg/L的甲胺磷好气降解42.5%,厌气降解35.9%,250mg/L的乐果好气降解50.2%,厌气降解16.4%.小区试验表明,NMJ5、NML3的菌液制剂对普通白菜的变种南农矮脚黄(Brasicacampestrissp.chinensisL.var.communisTsenetLee)中残留的甲胺磷、乐果有明显的去除作用. 相似文献
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汉沽生物稳定塘建于1993年.它由10级池塘组成,AT75hm2,用于处理城市污水(主要是化工废水).根据2年试运行期间化学和生物学资料,分析了稳定塘的净化效果.结果表明,该稳定塘净化效能较好.主要污染物BOD5、CODCr、NH3N和PO4P的平均去除率分别为86.2%、70.1%、60.3%和67.5%;平均年去除BOD54297.8t、CODCr6179.8t、NH3N154.6t和PO4P81.9t.但由于有机物负荷量过高,使出水水质较差.文中提出若干改善出水水质的措施和建议 相似文献
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宁南霉素防治烟草花叶病的研究 总被引:15,自引:4,他引:15
在我国四川省和云南省进行的总面积901.86hm2多点防治试验、示范结果表明,农用抗生素宁南霉素对烟草花叶病的防治效果为69.4%~95.4%,平均增产效果为26.1%,均优于目前推广防治烟草花叶病的植病灵、菌毒清和83增抗剂,并可使烟叶的内在质量明显提高.在温室内施药间隔3~10d后,人工分别接种烟花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)和马铃薯Y病毒(PYV),实验表明,宁南霉素对烟花叶病毒(TMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)所引起的烟草花叶病的防治效果高达92.9%和90.9%,对马铃薯Y病毒(PYV)引起的烟草花叶病的防治效果达53.8%. 相似文献
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化学诱变结合结构类似物法选育高苯丙氨酸解氨酶菌种 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
EMS诱变结合结构类似物法提高含PAL出发菌株红酵母Rhodotorula sp.CIBASA1401100 生物转化能力阳性率为35.5 % ,部分突变株PAL转化能力提高1 倍以上,其中E105,E240 具有快速转化能力,反应3 hLPhe累积浓度达到1 gL左右.φ10% 甘油和30 gLGlu 对PAL转化具有明显的稳定作用.用含φ10% 甘油和30 gLGlu 的反应液进行生物转化制备,E105 和E240 在24 h 期间LPhe 质量浓度大于20 gL,转化率达80 % . 相似文献
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UV-B辐射对大豆和黄瓜幼苗某些生理特性的影响 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17
在植物生长室中,UV- B辐射明显降低黄瓜幼苗的根系活力,抑制程度随辐射时间的延长而增强.黄瓜和大豆幼苗的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量减少与UVB辐射时间长短呈正相关,但是类胡萝卜素减少幅度不大.UVB对Chlb 的破坏较Chla 严重,导致Chlab 比值增大.UVB虽增加大豆幼苗的SOD活性,但降低大豆幼苗的NR活性及其对温度变化的敏感性.分析认为,Chlab 比值和SOD 活性升高,有助于植物对UVB的适应 相似文献
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从贵州产雷公藤(TripterygiumwilfordiHokF.)中分离得到8个化合物,其中一个为新的降倍半萜化合物雷公藤酮(1),根据光谱(IR,1HNMR,13CNMR,HRMS,CD等)数据分析并通过X射线晶体分析确定了结构;另外7个化合物分别鉴定为雷公藤素(2),(±)6氧2(4′羟基3′,5′二甲氧苯基)3,7二氧杂二环[3.3.0]辛烷(3),tripterifordin(4),雷公藤内酯酮(5),雷公藤内酯醇(6),雷公藤内酯甲(7)和对乙氧基乙酰替苯胺(8).其中,3和8均为首次从该植物中分离得到.用二维核磁共振谱对3的氢谱和碳谱进行了指定 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾堆肥及垃圾专用肥对柑桔增产效应 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
城市生活垃圾堆肥及垃圾堆肥配制的专用肥对柑桔的肥效实验结果表明,垃圾堆肥作为基肥使用比常规施肥能使柑桔增产12.4%-14.5%,比空白对照增产74.7%,施用垃圾专用肥的柑桔产量比常规施肥增产4.2%-50.3%,比空白对照增产58.4%-129.0%。施垃圾肥柑桔的营养成份(如维C,还原糖等)和常规施肥没有明显差异,也未发现重金属对桔子的污染。 相似文献
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Plant responses to abiotic stress can alter their response to biotic stress. We examined changes in the activity of several defense proteins in response to powdery mildew infection of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in the greenhouse and in the field. Second, we examined the effects of water limitation on the same defense protein responses, as well as on total soluble protein and glucose concentration, plant growth, and powdery mildew disease development. Similar increases in the activity of peroxidase, chitinase, and β-1-3-glucanase were observed in leaves of plants with substantial powdery mildew disease in both greenhouse- and field-grown plants. In the greenhouse, activities of chitinase and peroxidase as well as total soluble protein and glucose concentrations generally increased with the degree of water limitation. In turn, leaf growth and powdery mildew symptom development decreased as the degree of water limitation increased. This study revealed that plant chemical responses to water limitation and powdery mildew disease can overlap to a large extent, which, in addition to changing microenvironmental conditions and other indicators of plant quality, may underlie the ability of water limitation to inhibit powdery mildew disease symptom development in this wild plant pathosystem. 相似文献
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Ziyan Qin Qun Gao Qiang Dong Joy D. Van Nostrand Qi Qi Yifan Su Suo Liu Tianjiao Dai Jingmin Cheng Jizhong Zhou Yunfeng Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(3):32
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Effects of adding biochar on tetracycline removal during anaerobic composting of swine manure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Residual antibiotics in manure pose a potential threat to public and ecological health when the manure is released to the environment via land application of manure as fertiliser. Anaerobic composting has the potential to decrease antibiotic concentrations prior to land application. We therefore investigated the degradation of the antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) during anaerobic composting under different conditions. All composting treatment conditions were able to effect significant decreases in the antibiotic concentrations, though without biochar antibiotic residues remained. TC and OTC were removed more efficiently when the compost was treated at 55°C than treatments at 35°C or 25°C. Adding biochar significantly and rapidly decreased the antibiotic concentrations in the compost samples. After 15 days of treatment with biochar at 55°C, 100% of TC and OTC had been removed from the manure. The marked ability of biochar to remove the antibiotics was primarily attributed to adsorption of TC and OTC by the biochar. However, the addition of biochar may also have altered the microbial community structures within the compost and accelerated microbial degradation of the antibiotics. 相似文献
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Valérie Fournier Jay A Rosenheim Jacques Brodeur Joselito M Diez Marshall W Johnson 《Ecological applications》2006,16(6):2382-2398
The combined impact of multiple plant parasites on plant performance can either be additive (the total damage equals the sum of the individual effects) or nonadditive (synergistic or antagonistic damage). Two statistical models are available for testing the independent (=additive) effects of two factors. Here we suggest that the natural history of the plant-parasite system should motivate the choice of a statistical model to test for additivity. Using in-field, manipulative experiments, we examined the interactions between the herbivorous mite Calacarus flagelliseta Fletchmann, De Moraes and Barbosa (Acari: Eriophyidae), the fungal pathogen Oidium caricae F. Noack (a powdery mildew), and their host plant Carica papaya L. in Hawaii. First, we found that herbivorous mites had a moderate negative effect on powdery mildew: when mites were absent, powdery mildew colonies were larger and more numerous. Second, we showed that each plant parasite, when evaluated alone, significantly reduced several measures of plant performance. Third, we found that the combined impact of mites and mildew on plant performance is mostly additive and, for a few variables, less than additive. Finally, we explored compensatory responses and found no evidence for nonlinearities in the relationship between plant performance and cumulative parasite impact. Plants are almost universally subject to attack by multiple herbivores and pathogens; thus a deeper understanding of how multiple plant parasites shape each other's population dynamics and plant performance is essential to understanding plant-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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The effects of compost prepared from waste material of banana on the growth, yield and quality properties of banana plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Doran I Sen B Kaya Z 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(1):7-12
Three doses (15-30-45 kg plant(-1)) of the compost prepared from the clone of Dwarf cavendish banana were compared with farmyard manure (50 kg plant(-1)), mineral fertilizers (180 g N+ 150 g P +335 g K plant(-1)) and farmyard manure+ mineral fertilizers (25 kg FM+ 180 g N+ 150 g P +335 g K plant(-1)) which determined positive effects on the growth, yield and fruit quality characteristics of banana plants. The banana plants were grown under a heated glasshouse and in a soil with physical and chemical properties are suitable for banana growing. The contents of N, P, K and Mg in compost and in farmyard manure were found to be similar. Farmyard manure, farmyard manure + mineral fertilizers and 45 kg plant(-1) of compost increased growth, yield and fruit quality characteristics. According to obtained results, 45 kg plant(-1) of compost was determined more suitable in terms of economical production and organic farming than the other fertilizer types. 相似文献
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垃圾堆肥微生物接种实验 总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46
从22个垃圾堆肥、畜粪、土壤等样品中分离获得纤维分解菌198株,选其中2株生长快、粗纤维分解能力强的菌株制成菌剂,以0.05%~0.1%的接种量加入二次发酵的垃圾堆肥中。结果,接菌堆肥比不接菌堆肥升温快且高,高温维持时间长,真菌和纤维分解菌数量多,腐植质含量提高21%~26%。肥效试验证明,施接菌堆肥比施不接菌堆肥的可使青莱增产9.9%。 相似文献