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周期换向电凝聚法处理染料废水的脱色机理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用金属铝或铁做电极电凝聚法处理印染的废水过程中,存在阳极板易钝化而影响脱色效果、处理效率低下等问题.理论分析表明,采用周期换向电源和金属铁、铝分别作为两极,电化学法处理染料废水,可以有效防止电极钝化,提高处理效率.以活性黑KN-B模拟染料废水为例,采用自行设计的周期换向电源,铝板和铁板为反应电极,对周期换向电源电凝聚法处理染料废水的脱色机理进行了研究.结果表明:该方法对活性黑KN-B模拟染料废水的脱色率在99%以上,起脱色作用的主要有电解还原氧化、气浮及金属离子絮凝等过程,且周期换向电源能有效防止采用铝铁电极电化学处理染料废水过程中出现的阳极钝化现象. 相似文献
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对铁阳极电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B染料废水过程中影响电能消耗的因素进行了分析.结果表明:电流密度、染料废水初始pH、染料废水温度、染料废水初始浓度和电解质浓度对能耗均有明显影响,并得到能耗与电流密度、染料废水初始浓度、氯化钠电解质浓度之间指数的曲线方程.脱色效率受温度的影响较小,电流效率受电解质浓度以及染料废水初始的pH影响较大;对于质量浓度为50 mg/L的活性黑KN-B染料废水,在电流强度为20.83 A/m2,电解温度为25℃,硫酸钠浓度为0.01 mol/L,pH为7.13的条件下,染料废水脱色率达93%,染料脱色电能消耗为4.14(kW-h)/kg,电流效率为105.29%. 相似文献
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开放体系中染料废水真菌脱色影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究丝状真菌在开放条件下对染料废水的吸附脱色作用,从15株丝状真菌中筛选出1株对活性翠兰KN-G染料废水具有脱色作用的霉菌YE104,经平板点接培养与载片培养及菌落形态观察对该菌株进行了初步鉴定.利用正交试验对该菌株菌丝生长条件及其在开放体系中对染料废水脱色的应用条件分别进行了优化,并比较了该菌株对活性翠兰KN-G、酸性红4B、分散红S5BL、桃红3B和直接耐晒翠兰86等5种高水溶性染料废水的脱色效果.结果表明,菌株YE104为赭色青霉(Penicillium ochraceum),其菌丝体培养的最佳条件为:葡萄糖5 g/L,硫酸铵1 g/L,KH2PO4 1 g/L,MgSO4 0.5 g/L,pH=5.5,120r/min,接种量10%,培养48 h.在此条件下,菌株YE104菌丝生物量可达27.46 g/L.菌株YE104在开放体系中对染料废水脱色的优化条件为:菌丝体接种量3 g/L,染料废水质量浓度100 mg/L,菌丝体不经处理直接投加.在上述条件下,YE104对活性翠兰染料废水的脱色率达98.36%.在开放条件下,霉菌YE104对于印染工业的常用染料废水具有广谱脱色作用. 相似文献
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针对普通电凝聚技术处理染料废水过程中采用单向电流易造成阳极损耗增加处理成本的缺点,对传统的电凝聚法进行改进,采用换向电源、铝铁分别作为两极的新型电化学反应器,以色度和CODCr去除率作为指标,利用电凝聚技术处理活性黑KN-B染料模拟废水.通过周期性改变电解电流方向,实现金属铝和铁电极均可溶解,同时产生具有絮凝作用的金属离子,并减缓金属阳极的损耗速度.结果表明,该方法对活性黑KN-B模拟染料废水具有较好的处理效果.其最佳处理条件为: 电解时间30 min,电解电压10 V,电源换向周期10 s,染料质量浓度100~300 mg/L,电解质(Na2SO4)浓度0.01 mol/L,搅拌速度1 000 r/min,极板间距1.0 cm,pH=5~9.在此条件下,色度去除率可达99%以上,CODCr去除率可达50.0%以上.电解时间、电解电压、换向周期、染料质量浓度、电解质(Na2SO4)浓度、搅拌速度、极板间距、pH值等因素对色度和CODCr去除率均有一定程度影响.色度主要是由于活性黑KN-B染料发生化学反应,染料分子中的发色基团-N=N-键被打开,生成苯环衍生物而得到去除;CODCr的去除则主要是絮凝和气浮现象共同作用的结果.扫面电镜测试(SEM)结果表明,该方法可以有效减缓阳极损耗过程. 相似文献
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微电解法对高浓度染料废水的脱色作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以难生化降解的甲基橙为实验染料,采用铁碳微电解法对高浓度染料废水脱色进行模拟实验.主要研究了水力停留时间(HRT)、温度和pH值对色度去除率的影响和铁碳床的再生条件.室温(20℃)条件下,最佳实验条件为:HRT=30 min,pH=5-6,铁碳床运行周期为20 h.废水温度提高有利于提高脱色效果.实验结果表明,400mg/L的甲基橙实验水样,在最佳实验条件下经过微电解法处理,色度去除率可达85%以上,CODCr去除率达到30%左右.在相同实验条件下,铁碳微电解法处理混合染料废水,色度去除率降低到64.7%.铁碳床运行失效后,用6%~8%的稀硫酸循环再生1 h,可继续使用,运行效果良好,但运行周期有所缩短. 相似文献
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用碱溶酸析法回收造纸污泥中的木质素,经与季铵盐接枝聚合,制备木质素季铵盐脱色絮凝剂.研究催化剂种类、反应物料配比、反应温度和时间等因素对产品脱色性能的影响,优化絮凝剂合成的工艺条件.确定取得最佳处理效果时的优化操作条件为:以10 mol·L-1 NaOH作催化剂,反应物配料比为m(木质素)∶m(季铵盐单体)=1∶2,于70 ℃下反应4 h.将产品用于酸性黑210、皮红和皮黄等多种模拟染料溶液的脱色处理中,结果表明,制备的木质素季铵盐絮凝剂对多种染料具有良好的脱色效果,当絮凝剂投加量为3.2 g·L-1、染料溶液pH值为2~3时,脱色率均达90%以上. 相似文献
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采用刷涂-热解法制备了Sb、Ru掺杂的Ti/SnO2电极。通过SEM、EDX、XRD和循环伏安扫描(CV)表征了电极表面形态、组成、结构和电化学性质,并通过正交试验考察了电催化氧化降解五氯苯酚的影响因素。结果表明,各因素对五氯苯酚转化率影响的大小顺序依次为:底物初始质量浓度、反应温度、反应时间、电流密度、初始溶液pH值。在底物质量浓度为50mg.L-1,反应温度50℃,反应时间180min,电流密度40mA.cm-2,溶液初始pH值为8的条件下五氯苯酚的转化率达到97.6%。 相似文献
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基于改进的Vyazovkin方法,提出了一种新的求解固态反应活化能的等转化率方法。这种方法不仅避开了对反应机理的选择,而且突破了当前等转化率方法不能像拟合法一样求解出明确的活化能的局限。通过对模拟数据及挤塑聚苯乙烯热解实验数据的验证,证实了这种方法对实验噪音具有良好的容许度,并且能够对热重数据的一阶导数据有明显的多峰多歩反应求解出比拟合法更可信的活化能的值。 相似文献
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Experiments using an open space dust explosion apparatus and a standard 20 L explosion apparatus on nano and micron polymethyl methacrylate dust explosions were conducted to reveal the differences in flame and pressure evolutions. Then the effect of combustion and flame propagation regimes on the explosion overpressure characteristics was discussed. The results showed that the flame propagation behavior, flame temperature distribution and ion current distribution all demonstrated the different flame structures for nano and micron dust explosions. The combustion and flame propagation of 100 nm and 30 μm PMMA dust clouds were mainly controlled by the heat transfer efficiency between the particles and external heat sources. Compared with the cluster diffusion dominant combustion of 30 μm dust flame, the premixed-gas dominant combustion of 100 nm dust flame determined a quicker pyrolysis and combustion reaction rate, a faster flame propagation velocity, a stronger combustion reaction intensity, a quicker heat release rate and a higher amount of released reaction heat, which resulted in an earlier pressure rise, a larger maximum overpressure and a higher explosion hazard class. The complex combustion and propagation regime of agglomerated particles strongly influenced the nano flame propagation and explosion pressure evolution characteristics, and limited the maximum overpressure. 相似文献
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The current homogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel product however, would lead to formation of many undesirable by-products that make the post treatment of the biodiesel to be difficult and costly. Thus, sucrose-derived solid acid catalyst was developed in the present study which aims to improve the esterification process and reduce the generation of waste. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were studied by various techniques such as, BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) is used to determine the optimum parameters for the catalytic reaction. The experimental results showed that the catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in the transesterification of PFAD, providing maximum biodiesel yield of 94% at optimum parameters. The better catalytic activity of the aforementioned catalyst in the biodiesel reaction could be attributed to the presence of optimal number of catalytically active acid site density on its surface. 相似文献
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In reaction to the growing attention to connecting individual‐level and unit‐level constructs, we first briefly review emergence terminology and theories that address the dynamic process by which a higher‐level phenomenon emerges from lower‐level elements. Next, we review the extant theory and research on emergence and convergence in organization science using an organizing framework that simultaneously considers the content area of lower‐level elements, the emergent factors, and the target of the emergent property. In addition to organizing and bridging current literature on emergence and convergence, gaps of existing research and new directions for future research, including compilation and divergence, are identified. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Akinori Hashimoto Akiko Matsuo 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2007,20(4-6):455-461
Simulations of gas explosion of hydrogen/air mixture inside two rooms connected by ducts are carried out. Scalar transport chemical reaction model and LES turbulence model are utilized to reduce the calculation load and to conduct real-scale analysis. The effects of ignition source locations and volume of ignited room are analyzed, and the time history of pressure and rate of pressure rise in each room are focused in this study. When the volume of the ignited room is larger than the other room, the high pressure from the other room causes a force to act on the partition to the ignited room. This study indicates that the current technique can predict specific features of gas explosions inside two rooms connected by the ducts. 相似文献