Debye length and surface tension in nuclei

Thanks are due to Prof. R. Hofstadter (Stanford University), Prof. P. H. Handel (University of Missouri, St. Louis), and Prof. W. Scheid (Universität Giessen, Germany) for valuable discussions.     

Lichtstreß und Lichtschutz bei Pflanzen

Mein Dank gilt Prof. O. Björkman für einen außerordentlich anregenden und lehrreichen Aufenthalt an der Carnegie Institution in Stanford (Californien) sowie Prof. O. L. Lange, Prof. K. Winter und Prof. F.-C. Czygan für die Möglichkeit, die anschließenden Untersuchungen in Würzburg durchzuführen. Für finanzielle Unterstützung danke ich der McKnight Foundation, der Carnegie Corporation und ganz besonders der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Exkret-Flavonoide bei Blütenpflanzen und Farnen

Für die Überlassung der Abbildungen danke ich Prof. W. Barthlott, Bonn (3 a) und Prof. E. Schnepf, Heidelberg (3 b und c).     

Universal time constant in human short-term behavior

The authors thank Prof. I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt and Prof. E. Pöppel for their support of this research.     

ω-Feruloyloxyacids,a novel class of polar lipids in peat soil

This work has been supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S.) through the Action Thématique Programmée Matières Organiques des sols. We thank Dr. B. Guillet and Prof. B. Souchier, Centre de Pédologie Biologique du C.N.R.S., Nancy, for helpful discussions and advice in collecting the samples; we further thank E. Krempp and P. Wehrung for technical assistance in NMR and MS measurements.     

Does aging affect the period of the circadian pacemaker in vertebrates?

Dedicated to Prof. Jürgen Aschoff on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

Function-oriented plasticity of a sensorimotor pathway in the locust flight system

I wish to thank Prof. F. Huber (See-wiesen) for a stimulating discussion on the results of this contribution. Thanks are due to W. Pattullo for technical help and correction of the English text. Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Mo 333).     

Characterization of an Fe4S4 (‘P’) cluster containing species from the nitrogenase MoFe protein ofAzotobacter vinelandii

Dedicated to Prof. E. Fluck on the occasion of his 60^th birthday     

Tiefsee-Bergbau auf Manganknollen vor dem Hintergrund globaler Versorgungs- und Umwelt-Probleme

Ich danke C. Kaubisch (Göttingen) herzlich für die graphische Ausf ührung der Abb., Prof. H. Thiel (Hamburg) besonders für kritische Diskussionen, Durchsicht des Manuskriptes und wertvolle Anregungen. Ebenso danke ich Dr. M. Sturm (EAWAG/ETH Zürich) für Kritik und Anregungen.     

Light intensity controls extracellular Ca2+ concentration in the blowfly retina

We thank Prof. K. Hamdorf and Dr. P. Hochstrate for critical discussion.     

Symmetrieüberlegungen zur Supraleitung

Prof. Dr. Max Anwärter, Balzers, zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Molecular phylogeny of metazoa (animals): Monophyletic origin

Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. Risler and Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. R. K Zahn     

An der Schwelle zu einer Datenexplosion in der Geophysik

Wir danken Prof. W. I. Axford für anregende Diskussionen und hilfreiche Hinweise.     

A chemical structure for humic substances

Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. D. Beckey on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

The occurrence of chlorinated bis-(propyl)ethers in the Elbe River and tributaries

Dedicated to Prof Dr. Dr. E. h. H. Sinn on the occasion of his 65th birthda     

Partial relaxation of enzyme-product binding by refolding of the growing chain in autocatalytic RNA replication

Helpful advice and discussions with Prof. M. Eigen are gratefully acknowledged. A conversation with Dr. Chr. Biebricher proved most useful.     

Net yield of OH,CO, and O3 from the oxidation of atmospheric methane

The methane oxidation chain (MOC) is the sequence of reactions initiated by the reaction of a CH₄ molecule with an OH radical, which results in the net production (or destruction) of OH, CO and O₃. We have developed the yield coefficient method to calculate, as functions of latitude and altitude, the monthly average net yield of OH, CO and O₃ from the MOC. These yield coefficients are then used to estimate the monthly average production rates of these species from the MOC.Globally, the MOC results in a net annual loss of about 0.22 molecules of OH for every methane molecule destroyed. The average annual yield of CO from the MOC is about 0.82 molecules of CO per molecule of methane destroyed (∼ 550 Tg CO y⁻¹). The methane oxidation chain also produces about 1.15 molecules of ozone for every molecule of methane destroyed. The seasonal cycles, spatial distributions and even the signs of the OH, O₃ and CO yield coefficients are sensitive to the assumed input distributions of OH, HO₂ and NO_x. The recent re-measurement of the reaction rate of OH+CH₄ (Vaghjiani and Ravishankara, 1991, Nature350, 406–409) suggests that the entire MOC may be running slower than previously thought. The effect of this new measurement is to reduce the global annual average production rates of CO and O₃ by about 23%.     

3-Hydroxy-2-butanone and the first encounter fight in the male lobster cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea

Although agonistic behavior in the male lobster cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea, has been known for more than 40 years, this is the first study to directly collect and quantify the emitted pheromones. In the present study, emitted volatile pheromones were collected from each male pair for 60 min during the first encounter fight and identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major compound collected was 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H-2B). The strength of the attack by the dominant male was classified into three categories from weakest (C) to strongest (A). Of the 92 pairs, eight (8.7%) showed no agonistic interactions, and the amount of 3H-2B collected was 121.8±37.7 ng/male pair. In the five pairs (5.4%) displaying attack strength C, the amount of 3H-2B collected was 689.6±273.7 ng/male pair, and the attack duration was 9.6±2.4 min. In the 53 pairs (57.6%) showing attack strength B, the corresponding values were 5396.2±449.0 ng/male pair and 22.7±1.6 min, while those for the 26 pairs (28.3%) showing attack strength A were 7910.4±1120.6 ng/male pair and 24.9±2.9 min. For both attack strengths A and B, a linear relationship was found between the amount of 3H-2B collected and attack duration, suggesting that the longer the duration of the attack, the more 3H-2B was emitted. In addition, the rate of 3H-2B emission for attack strength A was significantly higher than that for attack strength B. Using Vaseline-coating, we demonstrated that, in the first encounter fight, the 3H-2B was emitted by the dominant male.