啤酒废水处理工程运行分析

桂林漓泉有限公司污水处理厂经过改造,采用UASB－SBR工艺处理啤酒废水,处理后出水水质达到GB 8978－96国家污水综合排放标准。文章主要对UASB装置的启动,运行以及控制因素进行了论述和探讨。     

森林公园污水回用改造工程设计的案例分析

昆明市某森林公园污水回用工程处理规模1000t／d,于2007建成使用,水源为市政管网截污,使用一段时间后出水各项指标均超过回用水质标准33％～170％,针对出现问题采用MBR工艺进行了改造。改造后系统运行稳定,出水COD≤50mg／L、BOD≤6mg,／L、SS≤10mg／L、NH4-N≤5mg／L、TP≤0．5mg／L、TN≤15mg／L,均优于《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》标准中观赏性景观环境用水水景类水质标准,同时运行费用较原工艺降低18％,为0．847元/m^3,实现了工程改造的预期目标。     

一种适合我国中小城镇污水处理技术 --天津市津南区环兴污水处理厂工程设计介绍

以天津市津南区环兴污水处理厂为例,介绍一种适合我国中小城镇污水处理技术的工艺流程、各构筑物的工艺设计特点与主要设备;环兴污水处理厂设计水量为3万t/d ,设计进水水质主要指标为CODCr:4 5 0mg/L ;BOD5:2 0 0mg/L ;出水水质优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的二级标准,已稳定运行1年     

两段式A/O-MBR工艺在方庄污水厂改造工程中的应用设计

为将北京市方庄污水处理厂处理出水的排放标准由一级B提升至一级A,需进行提标改造工程。在原有A/A/O＋生物填料的CNR工艺的基础上,采用两段式A/O-MBR工艺进行改造升级,强化脱氮除磷效果。预计该工艺对COD、NH3-N和SS的去除率可分别达到95.2%、98%和99.1%;对于氮磷的去除,出水TN〈9.0 mg/L,TP〈0.3 mg/L,各指标均可实现《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GBl8918-2002）中一级A排放标准。     

投加填料强化A/O系统脱氮性能研究

介绍了投加填料法对A/O(厌氧—好氧)工艺生物脱氮的影响。在填料投加率50%(φ(填料)=50%)、好氧段HRT 4.4 h和缺氧段HRT 2.2 h的情况下,进水CODC r为300~800 mg/L、NH4+-N为30~70 mg/L,TN为30~90 mg/L,出水CODC r小于48 mg/L,NH4+-N小于5 mg/L,TN小于15 mg/L,去除效率可分别达到90%、91%和60%以上,出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A排放标准,明显优于常规A/O系统。     

改进型膜生物反应器处理洗浴污水的试验研究

在大量试验研究的基础上提出了一种改进型膜生物反应器 (MBR) ,并对其处理洗浴污水的效果进行了试验 ,结果表明 :利用改进型MBR处理洗浴污水出水水质良好 ,COD <40mg/L ,LAS <0 .2mg/L ,符合国家建设部颁布的生活杂用水回用水质标准。     

混凝-厌氧-好氧-气浮处理含油污水

食用植物油生产过程中排放的污水,是一种较难处理的高浓度污水。结合污水处理工程设计及工程运营情况,对该工程进行了介绍,并提出了进一步完善的建议。该工程进水（高浓度污水）主要污染物浓度为CODCr：20000～25000mg/L,BOD5：10000～15000mg/L,SS：1000～2000mg/L,经过混凝-厌氧-好氧-气浮等工序处理后,出水达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-96）中的1级排放标准（1998年1月1日后）。     

Fenton试剂-硫酸镁深度处理酵母废水实验研究

采用Fenton试剂-硫酸镁对广东某酵母厂经厌氧、好氧、缺氧处理后的酵母废水进行深度处理。实验结果表明:采用Fenton试剂,在初始pH值为9、H2O2用量为5.55g/L、Fe2 加入量为1.41g/L、反应时间为20min的条件下,废水COD去除率达90%;继续采用硫酸镁对上清液进行处理,在调节pH为11～11.5、加入硫酸镁0.25～1.0g/L时,出水COD可降至138.0mg/L,颜色清澈。出水水质可达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)的二级标准。     

高浓度印染废水处理工程案例研究

以青岛某印染有限公司印染废水为例,介绍了"混凝沉淀+水解+接触氧化+脱色"的处理工艺。该工艺运行期间,剩余污泥量少,耐冲击负荷、系统安全可靠,运行成本为1.82元/t,出水COD≤450 mg/L,各项水质指标完全符合国家及地方标准。     

微生物固定化降解含聚废水

采用微生物固定化技术降解含聚废水.将混合菌固定化制得的微生物固定化颗粒加入到含聚废水处理工艺的生化池单元中,进行含聚废水处理的模拟实验.通过曝气和添加营养物质的方式对含聚废水进行可生化性调整,以提高废水的生化比,使其达到可以生化处理的水平.实验流程分为静态和动态两部分.微生物固定化静态处理含聚污水3 d后,出水的PAM含量为82.2 mg.L-1,降解率可达83.6%;微生物固定化动态处理含聚废水3 d后,出水的水质指标趋于稳定,PAM含量为104 mg.L-1,降解率为79.2%;原油含量为8.5 mg.L-1,去除率为98.8%;CODCr含量为119 mg.L-1,去除率为85.5%.出水水质指标达到国家污水综合排放的二级排放标准.利用紫外光谱分析PAM在微生物降解前后的光谱变化,结果表明经微生物降解后的PAM结构中的羟基和酰胺基已被降解.     

高浓度洗毛废水生物降解的研究

根据高浓度洗毛废水的水质特性,选择、驯化出高效污泥和菌株,并对生物降解该废水时的工艺、污泥量、时间三要素进行了深入的研究．结果表明,对于物化处理彻底的废水, Ｈ／ Ｏ 工艺（ 水解／ 好氧工艺） 与好氧工艺处理差异不大;７０ ％ 左右物化效果时, Ｈ／ Ｏ 工艺处理时, Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ 去除率增加;废水在处理过程中成分变化大,后段水可用筛选优势菌的方法处理．实验室流动模型运行结果为：在原水ρ（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ） １８５４４ ｍｇ／ Ｌ 和设定ｔ Ｈ Ｒ（ 延滞期） 下,混凝后出水ρ（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ） ５３２２ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,水解池出水ρ（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ） ４７６３ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,好氧池出水 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ１９９ ．９ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,总 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ去除率为９８ ．９ ％     

城市污水深度处理工艺的设计与运行

在水资源日趋紧张的今天,污水的深度处理回用工艺成了人们探讨的热点。结合郑州市五龙口污水处理厂的设计与运行,介绍了以改良氧化沟为主体的污水深度处理回用工艺,并对工艺除磷脱氮及污水深度处理的原理、设计参数、运行情况及运行条件的控制进行了介绍。运行结果表明该工艺既具有较高的COD、SS去除效率,又解决了传统氧化沟在脱氮除磷时存在相互影响的矛盾问题,在进水COD为326mg/L、SS为301mg/L、NH_4~+-N为45．1mg/L、TP为4．1mg/L;出水COD为21mg/L、SS为9mg/L、NH_4~+-N为1．4mg/L、TP为0．6mg/L,各项指标均达到了景观用水标准。     

活性污泥在渗滤液循环处理中的作用

渗滤液是垃圾填埋场产生的一种含有高浓度污染物的废水，它对环境造成的污染已经引起了人们的关注。渗滤液的处理方法很多，其中渗滤液循环法以其投资小、运行费用低、能加速填埋场稳定化进程等特点而倍受关注。利用活性污泥引入微生物，是在渗滤液循环基础上提出的一种新的设想，通过实验研究结果显示：加入干污泥循环可使渗滤液的COD由最高值2275mg／L降为67lmg／L．加入湿污泥循环可使渗滤液COD由最高值2075mg／L降为82lmg／L；而单纯进行渗滤液循环只使渗滤液的COD由最高值23llmg／L下降到l386mg／L。     

二段生物接触氧化法处理含硫废水的中试研究

用二段生物接触氧化法探索炼油过程中所产生的含硫废水的处理新方法． 结果表明：经此工艺处理后的出水 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄ、氨氮、硫化物和酚的质量浓度ρ分别为２６６ ．９ ｍｇ／ Ｌ、８２ ．８５ ｍｇ／ Ｌ、１ ．１８ ｍｇ／ Ｌ 和１ ．４３ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,相应的去除率分别为８６ ．３ ％ 、４０ ％ 、９２ ．７ ％ 和９９ ．３ ％ ,出水水质达到国家三级排放标准． 进出水水质的变化曲线表明,生物接触氧化法处理含硫废水对进水水质变化的适应能力比较强,出水水质比较稳定,显示了二段接触氧化法处理含硫废水的可行性     

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from textile wastewater by soilless culture of Lolium multiflorum

A technique of soilless culture for removal of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from textile wastewater using Lolium multiflorum was conducted in this research. The TN concentration decreased from 50.72 mg/L to 24.64–27.89 mg/L and TP decreased from 6.9 mg/L to 3.7–4.1 mg/L in the experimental tank with the size of 4.7 m x 1.2 m x 0.75 m. The results suggested that L. multiflorum could absorb a large amount of N and P elements from the wastewater. This technique of soilless culture has many advantages such as simple equipment, low cost, easy operation, low energy consumption, convenient management and flexible disposition.     

Pesticide wastewater treatment using the combination of the microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell and Fenton process

• MEDCC combined with Fenton process was developed to treat real pesticide wastewater. • Pesticide removal was attributable to desalination in the MEDCC. • High COD removal was attributable to organic distributions in different chambers. The combination of the microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell (MEDCC) and Fenton process for the pesticide wastewater treatment was investigate in this study. Real wastewater with several toxic pesticides, 1633 mg/L COD, and 200 in chromaticity was used for the investigation. Results showed that desalination in the desalination chamber of MEDCC reached 78%. Organics with low molecular weights in the desalination chamber could be removed from the desalination chamber, resulting in 28% and 23% of the total COD in the acid-production and cathode chambers, respectively. The desalination in the desalination chamber and organic transfer contributed to removal of pesticides (e.g., triadimefon), which could not be removed with other methods, and of the organics with low molecular weights. The COD in the effluent of the MEDCC combined the Fenton process was much lower than that in the perixo-coagulaiton process (<150 vs. 555 mg/L). The combined method consumed much less energy and acid for the pH adjustment than that the Fenton.     

Preparation of rare-earth metal complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the most promising technologies for pollution abatement. Developing catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial for the application of the CWAO process. The Mn/Ce complex oxide catalysts for CWAO of high concentration phenol-containing wastewater were prepared by coprecipitation. The catalyst preparation conditions were optimized by using an orthogonal layout method and single-factor experimental analysis. The Mn/Ce serial catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and the metal cation leaching was measured by inductively coupled plasma torch-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the catalysts have high catalytic activities even at a low temperature (80°C) and low oxygen partial pressure (0.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The metallic ion leaching is comparatively low (Mn<6.577 mg/L and Ce<0.6910 mg/L, respectively) in the CWAO process. The phenol, COD_Cr, and TOC removal efficiencies in the solution exceed 98.5% using the optimal catalyst (named CSP). The new catalyst would have a promising application in CWAO treatment of high concentration organic wastewater.     

PICRUSt2 functionally predicts organic compounds degradation and sulfate reduction pathways in an acidogenic bioreactor

• Over 70% reduction of sulfate was achieved for sulfate less than 12000 mg/L. • The decrease of genes encoding (EC: 1.3.8.1) induced the accumulation of VFAs. • The sulfate reduction genes were primary carried by genus Desulfovibrio. • Sulfate favored assimilatory, but inhibited dissimilatory sulfate reduction process. For comprehensive insights into the influences of sulfate on performance, microbial community and metabolic pathways in the acidification phase of a two-phase anaerobic system, a laboratory-scale acidogenic bioreactor was continuously operated to treat wastewater with elevated sulfate concentrations from 2000 to 14000 mg/L. The results showed that the acidogenic bioreactor could achieve sulfate reduction efficiency of greater than 70% for influent sulfate content less than 12000 mg/L. Increased sulfate induced the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), especially propionate and butyrate, which was the primary negative effects to system performance under the high-sulfate environment. High-throughput sequencing coupled with PICRUSt2 uncovered that the accumulation of VFAs was triggered by the decreasing of genes encoding short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC: 1.3.8.1), regulating the transformation of propanoyl-CoA to propenoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA of propionate and butyrate oxidation pathways, which made these two process hardly proceed. Besides, genes encoding (EC: 1.3.8.1) were mainly carried by order Clostridiales. Desulfovibrio was the most abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria and identified as the primary host of dissimilatory sulfate reduction functional genes. Functional analysis indicated the dissimilatory sulfate reduction process predominated under a low sulfate environment, but was not favored under the circumstance of high-sulfate. With the increase of sulfate, the assimilatory sulfate reduction process finally overwhelmed dissimilatory as the dominant sulfate reduction pathway in acidogenic bioreactor.     

大宝山矿水外排的环境影响:Ⅰ.下游水生生态系统

通过水质生物检测、理化分析及野外水生大型无脊椎动物多样性实地调查等综合方法，就广东大宝山矿区南侧拦泥库溢出的酸性矿水对下游横石水河生态系统的影响进行了系统研究。结果表明，大宝山矿区拦泥库溢出的酸性矿水对隆线溞具有较强的急性生物毒性，酸性矿水24h，48h及96h对水溞的半致死体积分数LC50分别为13．55%、10．30％、6．20％；安全体积分数为0．06％。通过在暴雨期间对拦泥库上游洪水的各项指标的分析结果表明，拦泥库溢出的酸性矿水pH值可低至2．15，其中铁及重金属的质量浓度分别为：铁216．79mg/L、锌73．23mg/L、铜32．63mg/L、铅1．82mg/L、镉0．87mg/L。在尾矿坝下游3．5km处，重金属质量浓度分别为：铁51．63mg／L、锌2．83mg/L；铜1．64mg／L、铅2．67mg／L、镉0．1mg／L，和锰20．50mg／L。从矿水排放口到受矿水影响的下游50km范围内，河水pH的变化幅度为3．36-7．42。大型无脊椎动物多样性的调查显示，从尾矿坝到受矿水影响的下游25km范围内，未发现任何底栖动物，而在横石水河上游未受矿水影响的对照点中至少有36利底栖动物存在。可见由大宝山矿区排出的酸性矿水对下游溪流的水生生物多样性和河流生态系统造成了严重的破坏。