自动进样气相色谱法测定气体中的非甲烷烃

用泰德拉气体采样袋采样,自动进样气相色谱法测定气体中的非甲烷烃含量。甲烷、总烃的线性范围分别为0～2439,0—2066mg／m^3。进样量为1mL时,检出限为0．02mg／m^3（信噪比为3）。对3种不同浓度甲烷与丙烷混合标准气进行测定,重复性相对标准偏差为0．4％-1．0％。对4种不同性质的试样进行加标回收实验,加标回收率为96．7％-102．0％。5名实验人员分别用自动进样法及手动进样法分析4种不同性质的试样,自动进样法的重现性相对标准偏差为1．2％～1．8％,优于手动进样法的6．5％～8．3％。该法可一次连续测定21个试样,精密度高、重现性好、分析效率高。     

气相色谱法测定黄磷生产尾气中的CO_2

针对黄磷生产尾气具有强化学活性和腐蚀性的特点,选择了TDX-01型碳分子筛色谱柱,采用气相色谱法测定黄磷尾气中的CO2。实验结果表明:黄磷尾气中高浓度的CO2用TCD检测器检测,CO2体积分数在0.1%~10%时,检测下限可达到0.05%,方法的平均回收率为93.6%~104.1%,相对标准偏差为2.1%~3.2%;净化后黄磷尾气中的微量CO2经Ni催化甲烷化转化后用FID检测器测定,CO2体积分数在1.0×10-7~1.0×10-4时,方法的检测下限可达到5.0×10-8,相对标准偏差为1.63%。     

气相色谱法测定大气和废气中非甲烷总烃

介绍了用双柱双氢焰离子化检测器气相色谱法分析气体样品中非甲烷烃。方法的检出限为０．０３５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３,测定范围为０．１２－８．０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。     

气相色谱法测定氨气中的甲硫醇及甲硫醚

建立了测定氨气中甲硫醇及甲硫醚的气相色谱分析方法。样品充入高纯氮气后，通过磷酸吸收液脱除氨气，有机硫化物由氨气转移到高纯氮气中，收集这部分气体，取1．0～2．0mL采用火焰光度检测填充柱气相色谱法进行分析。方法的相对标准偏差小于7％，甲硫醇和甲硫醚的加标回收率分别为92．1％和87．6％，最低检出量分别为0．11ng和0．17ng，最低检出质量浓度分别为0．11μg／L和0．17μg/L。     

再燃法烟气脱硝技术

综述了再燃法烟气脱硝技术及其主要影响因素。通过对几种脱硝技术的分析比较，认为再燃脱硝是一种很有前景的脱硝技术，其投资和运行费用界于低NO。燃烧器和选择性催化还原技术之间，有喷氨条件下的先进再燃脱硝效率接近于选择性催化还原技术。总结了国内外对先进再燃脱硝技术各种参数影响条件的研究结果，并论述了该技术的应用要点。     

Gas production parameters in sanitary landfill simulators

The decomposition of shredded municipal refuse was studied in 19 drums (208 l). Gas production and composition were monitored for two years. The addition of old, anaerobically degraded refuse as a seed of anaerobic bacteria and the neutralization of the refuse were the two techniques which stimulated methane production. Yields of 80–150 l of methane per kilogram of dry, grindable, volatile solids were measured. The addition of anaerobic sewage sludge, acetate, and the initial removal of oxygen from a drum, were not stimulatory. Initially, it was the development of the methanogen population and not polymer hydrolysis which limited methane production.     

二甲基二硫醚废气的处理

研究了二甲基二硫醚（DMDS）废气的处理技术，先将废气冷凝成废液，废液经蒸馏回收二甲基二硫醚，利用双氧水将废残液中二甲基硫醚（DMS）氧化为二甲基亚砜（DMSO），考察了反应溶剂及其用量，反应温度、原料配比、双氧水滴加速度等反应的影响。确定的适宜工艺条件：以丙酮为溶剂，二甲基硫醚，双氧水，丙酮的体积配比为0．75：1：1，双氧水的流量为2．0mL/min，反应时间为3．0－3．5h，反应温度为20－30℃，在此工艺条件下二甲基亚砜的产率为90．7％。     

Gas production and transport in artificial sludge depots

This paper presents a study to determine the impact of gas production in dredging sludge on the storage capacity of artificial sludge depots. Gas is produced as a result of the decomposition of organic material present in dredging spoil. This process, in which methane and carbon dioxide are formed, may lead to expansion of sludge layers, partly or even completely counterbalancing consolidation. The study shows that, even with a very conservative estimation of the rate of gas production, accumulation of gas occurs as convective and diffusive transport proceed very slowly. Nucleation of gas bubbles occurs already at a limited oversaturation of pore water. During their growth, bubbles push aside the surrounding grain matrix. Resulting stresses may initiate cracks around bubbles. If these cracks join, they may form channels stretching out to the depot surface and along which gas may escape. However, channels are only stable to a limited depth below which bubble accumulation may continue. The gas content at which sufficient cracks and channels are formed to balance the rate of gas production with the rate of outflow strongly depends on the constitutive properties of the dredging sludge considered. In sludge with a high shear strength (> 10 kPa), stable channels are created already at low deformations. However, a large expansion may occur in sludge with a low strength. The present study shows that accumulation of gas may continue until a bulk density less than that of water is attained. This is equivalent to a gas fraction of about 25-37%, depending on the initial water content of the sludge. Only then can gas escape as a result of instabilities in the sediment matrix. This should be well taken into account during the design and management of artificial depots.     

裂解气脱硫新趋势

在回顾现有裂解气脱硫工艺的基础上，介绍了近年来国内外在该领域的研究和应用中所取得的进展及未来的发展趋势。     

烧结烟气中SO3的测定

建立了烧结烟气中SO3的检测技术,包括SO3的采集装置和测定方法。实验结果表明:质量分数为80%的异丙醇适宜作为吸收液,方法的回收率为95.79%~102.80%,相对标准偏差为0.46%~1.38%。该技术能有效消除烟气中粉尘及SO2对测定的干扰,具有准确、可靠、方便等特点,可应用于烧结烟气脱硫等装置日常运行中SO3含量的测定。     

有机废气的生物膜处理技术

介绍了一种净化有机废气的新方法－－生物膜处理技术。对生物膜处理装置的类型、机理以及和应用情况进行发概述和讨论。     

氨法烟气脱硫技术及其进展

阐述了氨法烟气脱硫技术的原理和工艺特点.介绍了Walther氨法、AMASOX氨法、GE氨法、NADS氨-肥法、电子束氨法和流光放电氨法烟气脱硫工艺,重点介绍了新型流光放电氨法烟气脱硫技术的特点及其工程应用情况.展望了氨法烟气脱硫技术的应用前景.     

Environmental Assessments in the Oil and Gas Industry

The general public, government regulators, and environmental organizations are increasingly demanding industries to reduce their environmental impacts and report progress. This in turn resulted in numerous requirements for reporting environmental data. Environmental assessments are a useful tool in gathering and documenting this data. The assessments also assist decision makers to quantify impacts of their activities and plan for appropriate mitigation measures. There are different types of environmental assessments, each having specific purpose(s) and addressing specific audience(s). This paper gives an overview of common environmental concerns associated with oil and gas industry and shares insights on types of environmental assessments that are widely used. It discusses general methodologies to define the scope, approach, measurement standards, and reporting. Potential challenges encountered in conducting these assessments in an international arena and under a wide variety of regulatory requirements are addressed. Practical approach in execution of these assessments is described here, and strategy in dealing with the challenges is presented.     

有机废气中VOC的回收方法

介绍了炭吸附法、冷凝法和膜分离法回胥机废报中ＶＯＤ的原理、工艺流程和工业应用情况，并对这些方法进行了比较，指出了适用范围。     

炼油厂酸性废气的处理及应用

对炼油厂酸性废气的来源及组成成分进行了分析,采用碱吸收法生产硫氢化钠工艺来处理酸性废气,并介绍了反应机理、工艺流程及工艺特点。同时通过对实施后经济效益和环保效果的分析,验证了此处理方法的可行性,并针对实施过程中出现的问题提出了进一步改进的意见。     

高炉瓦斯泥综合利用技术述评

瓦斯泥是高炉副产物,因其中富含锌,直接用于烧结会增加高炉锌负荷。在分析了瓦斯泥的矿物特征的基础上,综述了选矿法、化学浸出法、直接还原法等几种瓦斯泥有价成分的回收利用方法。选矿法根据碳、锌、铁的性质及赋存状态的差异分离各物质,具有工艺简单、成本低的优点,但分离不彻底、回收率低;化学浸出法使锌进入溶液而其他矿物不溶或微溶,分离效果较好,但处理量小,后续处理难度大;直接还原法是在高温下使瓦斯泥中的金属还原,锌蒸发后进入烟气,最终可得到含氧化锌较高的烟尘和含金属铁的脱锌瓦斯泥,该法适应性强、处理量大、分离效果好,是目前应用较为广泛的瓦斯泥处理方法,但其设备投资大。     

选择性催化还原废气脱硝技术

选择性催化还原（SCR）法是目前普遍采用的废气催化脱硝方法。详细介绍了SCR废气脱硝的原理、工艺流程、运行控制的主要影响因素如催化剂的活性、反应温度、氨气加入量等及工业应用实例。     

生物滴滤塔处理甲苯废气

分别以生物陶粒和聚氨酯泡沫为生物滴滤塔填料,对甲苯废气进行处理,考察不同生物滴滤塔挂膜启动时间以及气体流量和甲苯质量浓度条件下生物滴滤塔对甲苯废气的去除效果。实验结果表明：生物陶粒为填料的生物滴滤塔所需要的挂膜启动时间更短;在气体流量为450L/h时,以生物陶粒为填料的生物滴滤塔甲苯去除率稳定在72%左右,聚氨酯泡沫为填料时甲苯去除率稳定在65%左右。以聚氨酯泡沫为填料时,随甲苯质量浓度提高,甲苯去除率下降幅度较小,甲苯质量浓度为1.80g/m3时,甲苯去除率仍在72%以上。     

催化氧化法处理氯甲烷废气

用催化氧化法处理氯甲烷废气,考察了各种因素对催化氧化处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：在反应温度为350℃、空速为4800h^-1、空气与氯甲烷废气的体积比为15的条件下,氯甲烷转化率和总烃转化率均大于99％,催化氧化过程中基本不产生光气;催化氧化反应后尾气中的HCl用NaOH溶液作吸收剂的吸收效果较好;γ—Al2O3为载体的催化剂活性基本稳定。