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针对矿井岩巷综掘工作面产尘量大,常规降尘措施不理想,一般呼吸面罩无法有效降低工作面作业人员对粉尘吸收的问题,研制了正压呼吸器防尘系统,并在岩巷综掘工作面底抽巷进行了现场试验。试验结果表明:使用正压呼吸器防尘系统除尘效率达到了70.82%,不使用时除尘效率仅为42.01%,不仅有效降低了工作面的粉尘浓度,改善职工作业环境,而且保证了工作面作业人员对新鲜空气的需求,减少了粉尘对职工身体的危害。 相似文献
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综采工作面的粉尘防治一直是煤矿安全工作的重点和难题之一。结合双鸭山矿区新安矿综采工作面的实际状况,采用现场煤层高压注水实验方法,研究了高压注水条件下煤体增湿的规律;运用注水实验数据进行反演数值试验,优化煤层高压注水数学模型内部参数,利用注水数值模拟试验确定了综采工作面煤层高压注水减尘技术的最优参数;运用了高压喷雾降尘效率模型数值模拟方法,分析确定了综采工作面采煤机外置高压喷雾降尘的最优参数,研发了孔径为1.2 mm的7孔高压集成喷嘴。新安二矿、三矿煤层高压注水联合高压喷雾二级防尘技术应用效果表明:通过二级联合防尘措施,工作面全尘去除率高达96%,呼吸性粉尘去除率高达94%。 相似文献
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综采工作面的粉尘防治一直是煤矿安全工作的重点和难题之一。结合双鸭山矿区新安矿综采工作面的实际状况,采用现场煤层高压注水实验方法,研究了高压注水条件下煤体增湿的规律;运用注水实验数据进行反演数值试验,优化煤层高压注水数学模型内部参数,利用注水数值模拟试验确定了综采工作面煤层高压注水减尘技术的最优参数;运用了高压喷雾降尘效率模型数值模拟方法,分析确定了综采工作面采煤机外置高压喷雾降尘的最优参数,研发了孔径为1.2 mm的7孔高压集成喷嘴。新安二矿、三矿煤层高压注水联合高压喷雾二级防尘技术应用效果表明:通过二级联合防尘措施,工作面全尘去除率高达96%,呼吸性粉尘去除率高达94%。 相似文献
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为探究综掘机配套抽风口位置对巷道除尘效果的影响,利用FLUENT软件建立综掘巷道相似几何模型,开展粉尘从不同尘源位置释放时,压入式通风系统和综掘机配套抽尘系统的流场及粉尘场模拟研究.结果表明:综掘工作面压入式通风系统的粉尘扩散范围在距工作面1~2m处;综掘机配套抽尘口位置在距工作面1 m时的风流特征最利于除尘且此时各个... 相似文献
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综掘工作面是井下粉尘的重要污染场所。对压入式通风综掘工作面而言,压入式风筒出口距掘进头的距离是一个非常重要的工况参数。如何在有效距离范围内提高减尘率也是一项值得研究的工作。采用气固两相流数学模型来研究掘进工作面的粉尘运移规律,采用基于欧拉-拉格朗日法的离散型模型(DPM)模拟粉尘在气场中的运动。采用三维立体模式,借助流体力学软件Fluent对综掘工作面压入式风筒出口距掘进头不同距离时的粉尘运移规律进行数值模拟。综合分析风筒出口距掘进头不同距离时的风速云图和粉尘粒子轨迹及其逃逸统计后发现,在风筒出口风速为12 m/s时,风筒出口距掘进头距离在5~10 m较合适,排尘效果较好;而综掘机安装上挡尘板后,风筒出口距掘进头距离在5~8 m较合适,且同距离情况下,运移到司机处的粉尘粒子较之前明显减少,控尘效果较好。现场应用结果表明,当压入式风筒出口距工作面煤壁距离为6.0~8.5 m时,安装挡尘板后综掘机司机处的粉尘质量浓度减尘率达21%,效果良好。 相似文献
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郭文彬 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(3):65-68
为解决大流量工序定点短时测尘结果与工人实际接尘情况存在差距的问题,本文对综放工作面粉尘浓度现场测量,应用全工班呼吸性粉尘监测方法进行测尘。在实测和分析的基础上,采用平均数、标准差、累计百分比等统计学方法对监测结果进行了深入的分析,得出了综放工作面粉尘浓度的分布规律。以一定初速度从滚筒割煤处抛出的粉尘,在风流作用力、重力、底板和煤壁的吸附以及对落尘的反弹作用下沿程扩散。靠近底板和煤壁处的总粉尘浓度沿程分布曲线是双峰型曲线,距底板和煤壁较远处的总粉尘浓度沿程分布曲线是单峰型曲线。按粉尘粒径大小,双峰型总粉尘浓度沿程分布曲线可以分为两个区域,一个是可沉降的大颗粒粉尘为主的区域,另一个是难以沉降的微细颗粒粉尘为主的区域。从而有利于矿山管理者有的放矢地采取防尘措施,减少投资,提高效率,确保劳动者健康。 相似文献
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在煤矿综合机械化采煤工作面移动液压支架时,由于顶板的冒落、已垮落矸石的移动而产生的粉尘约占采煤工作面总产尘量的30%~40%,是综采工作面中主要尘源之一。移动支架时的粉尘防治,一直是防尘工作中的难点。我局孙村煤矿,在中国煤炭科学研究总院重庆分院指导下,首次应用液压支架自动喷雾降尘系统取得了成功,现简要 相似文献
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针对煤矿井下自动洒水装置存在不管粉尘浓度高低都进行喷雾,造成水资源浪费和给工作带来不便等问题,研制了粉尘浓度超限喷雾降尘装置.该装置采用89C52单片机进行数据处理和控制,实现了粉尘浓度超限开始报警喷雾、粉尘浓度降低停止喷雾、防止水雾淋湿工作人员等功能.现场应用表明,该装置使用方便、动作可靠,节约了人力和水资源. 相似文献
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Vahid Ebadat 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(6):907-912
The majority of powders that are used in the processing industries are combustible (also referred to as flammable, explosible). An explosion will occur if the concentration of the combustible dust that is suspended in air is sufficient to propagate flame when ignited by a sufficiently energetic ignition source.A systematic approach to identifying dust cloud explosion safety against their consequences generally involves:-Identification of locations where combustible dust cloud atmospheres could be present-Understanding of the explosion characteristics of the dust(s)-Identification of potential ignition sources that could be present under normal and abnormal conditions-Proper process and facility design to eliminate and/or minimize the occurrence of dust explosions and protect people and facilities against their consequences-Adequate maintenance of facilities to prevent ignition sources and minimize dust releaseThis presentation will discuss the conditions that are required for dust cloud explosions to occur and presents a well-tried approach to identify, assess, and eliminate/control dust explosion hazards in facilities. 相似文献
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通过对呼吸性粉尘浓度和总粉尘浓度相关性的研究,得出呼吸性粉尘是总粉尘的一部分,且总粉尘是呼尘的3倍左右(算术平均值)。同时讨论了不同粉尘对人体危害的大小。 相似文献
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One of the more obvious consequences of a dust deflagration inside process equipment or a structure is the mechanical damage caused by shock (compression) waves. This overpressure damage is revealed through the displacement of equipment, the outward deformation or rupture of enclosures constructed of ductile materials, or the projection of missiles. However, a different type of damage is sometimes observed in the ductwork connecting process equipment. In particular, the ductwork is collapsed as if it were subjected to an external, rather than an internal pressure. The phenomenon that causes this collapse of thin-walled conduit is a gas dynamic process called an expansion wave. When a dust deflagration travels through a conduit, it accelerates and causes a rise in pressure. When the dust deflagration is vented (say through a deflagration vent), the discharge of the high-pressure combustion products causes the formation of an expansion wave that travels in the reverse direction of the original discharge. The expansion wave causes the pressure in the ductwork to fall below atmospheric pressure. The sub-atmospheric pressure, in turn, causes the ductwork to fail by buckling. In this study, we examine the gas dynamics of the expansion wave, demonstrate how to calculate the degree of pressure drop caused by the expansion wave, and illustrate the concept with case studies of dust explosions. 相似文献
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This article is a brief review of the mechanism of action of fibrous filters and of the performance of respirators; it neglects many of the complications discussed in longer and more detailed articles. An expression is given for the pressure drop across a filter in terms of fibre diameter and filtration velocity. The particle capture mechanisms of interception and diffusional deposition are introduced and the way in which filtration efficiency varies with particle size is discussed. Filters with fibres of small diameter are shown to be the most efficient, but their use can cause problems. Electrically charged materials are widely used in respirators because of their high efficiency and low pressure drop. Types of material, their means of charging, and their method of action are described. An account is given of respirator leakage, the protection factor, and of the way that these may vary in a period of use. The leakage of air and particles through face seal leaks and leaky valves is discussed. The frequent discrepancy in the protection given by respirators in the workplace, on the one hand, and that suggested by laboratory measurements, on the other, is reviewed, and the article ends with an account of the combined effect of aerosol penetration through a filter and through a leak. 相似文献
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