共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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激光诱导荧光技术测量大气OH自由基的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大气氢氧自由基(OH)是对流层大气中最重要的氧化剂,对酸雨,平流层臭氧的损耗等有重要影响,激光诱导荧光技术是目前测定大气OH自由基中使用最多的测量方法。文章总结了20多年来国内外的研究成果,论述了激光诱导荧光技术用于测定大气OH自由基的基本原理和研究进展,讨论了测量中不确定因素及其对策,并着重介绍了目前最常用的基于气体扩张的低压荧光技术。 相似文献
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大气中的颗粒态有机硝酸酯是连接挥发性有机物(VOCs)、氮氧化物(NOx)、二次有机气溶胶(SOA)及臭氧的关键物质,总结了近10年国内外对颗粒态有机硝酸酯来源、形成机制、测量分析方法、浓度水平等方面的研究,描述了现有大气化学框架下有机硝酸酯的大气转化机制,梳理了测量有机硝酸酯的离线、在线方法及其优缺点,总结了应用不同测量技术对环境大气中颗粒态有机硝酸酯的实测结果,提出了当前有机硝酸酯研究在测量技术、机理研究和观测尺度等方面的薄弱环节,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
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从平流层和对流层的大气化学过程入手,分析了研究各个反应所采用的测量手段;从当前大气化学的发展要求提出了理论研究和模式建立中对仪器测量手段的要求。并且从测量坪台这一角度分析了目前在大气化学领域使用的主要测量仪器和手段。 相似文献
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北京上甸子站气相色谱法大气CH4和CO在线观测方法研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
参照瓦里关全球大气本底站气相色谱在线观测系统的设计,通过系统调试、测试和参数优化,于2009年在北京上甸子区域大气本底站建立了高精度气相色谱法大气CH4和CO在线观测系统.该系统对CH4和CO的测量精度分别优于0.03%和0.45%,达到世界气象组织全球大气观测计划(WMO/GAW)的质量目标.研究建立了与该系统配套的标气选取方法及运行序列:选取可基本涵盖该站大气CH4和CO浓度范围的2瓶标气作为工作标气,其中CH4浓度分别为2 007.1×10-9、1 809.5×10-9(摩尔分数,下同),CO浓度分别为405.6×10-9、123.8×10-9,在高低浓度工作标气之间穿插分析3次大气样品,能够保证测量的准确度(观测浓度的标准偏差CH4<1.7×10-9、CO<1×10-9),同时可最大程度地节省工作标气.该方法已应用于华北地区本底大气CH4和CO的高精度连续观测. 相似文献
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对北京大气微粒(直径〈2.5μm)时空累积的成分特点、浓度特点,以及时空累积的光学效应进行了实地观测研究,研究表明:二次粒子和有机物的质量浓度在非采暖期均占PM2.5的30%左右,大气微粒的化学组成在市区的空间分布上是比较均匀一致;采暖期城区大气微粒浓度是近郊的1.5倍,呈现明显的局地性污染,城市能见度下降是北京大气微粒时空累积的主要环境效应。 相似文献
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Determination of atmospheric hydroxyl radical by HPLC coupled with
electrochemical detection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The hydroxyl radical (·OH) plays a central role in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds. Measurement of atmospheric·OH is very difficult because of its high reactivity and low atmospheric abundance. In this article, a simple and highly sensitive method, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with coulometric detection (HPLC-CD), was developed to determine·OH indirectly by determining its reaction products with salicylic acid (SAL), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). Under the optimum conditions for its determination, 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA could be well separated and the detection limits for 2,3-DHBA were 3×10~(-10) mol/L and for 2,5-DHBA were 1.5×10~(-10) mol/L, which were lower than most previous reports. This method was also applied to measure atmospheric hydroxyl radical levels and demonstrated the feasibility in clean and polluted air. 相似文献
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环境空气中大气颗粒物源解析的研究进展 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
介绍了国内外用于大气颗粒物源解析研究的受体模型的进展情况,对受体模型的研究体系,测量分析技术、研究方法作了详细阐述,并对源解析近期的研究热点及发展趋势作了评述。 相似文献
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The formation and aging mechanism of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its influencing factors have attracted increasing attention in recent years because of their effects on climate change, atmospheric quality and human health. However, there are still large errors between air quality model simulation results and field observations. The currently undetected components during the formation and aging of SOA due to the limitation of current monitoring techniques and the interactions among multiple SOA formation influencing factors might be the main reasons for the differences. In this paper, we present a detailed review of the complex dynamic physical and chemical processes and the corresponding influencing factors involved in SOA formation and aging. And all these results were mainly based the studies of photochemical smog chamber simulation. Although the properties of precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxidants (such as OH radicals), and atmospheric environmental factors (such as NOx, SO2, NH3, light intensity, temperature, humidity and seed aerosols) jointly influence the products and yield of SOA, the nucleation and vapor pressure of these products were found to be the most fundamental aspects when interpreting the dynamics of the SOA formation and aging process. The development of techniques for measuring intermediate species in SOA generation processes and the study of SOA generation and aging mechanism in complex systems should be important topics of future SOA research. 相似文献
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A new method was introduced to detect the concentration of OH radical in dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)reaction.A film, which was impregnated with salicylic acid,was used to detect OH radical in plasma reaction at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.Salicylic acid reacts with OH radical and produces 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(2,5-DHBA).Then,a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was carried out to detect the concentration of 2,5-DHBA.Therefore,OH radical in nonthermal plasma reaction could be... 相似文献