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1.
齐建国 《再生资源与循环经济》2011,4(11)
介绍了碳循环与碳汇产业的科学内涵及其在我国的发展现状与目标,提出“十二五”期间应大力推广的几种碳循环与碳汇产业的成功模式,以及促进碳循环和碳汇产业发展的对策建议。 相似文献
2.
Using organoclays to enhance carbon filtration 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Alther G 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2002,22(5):507-513
Organoclays have found increased acceptance as pre-treatment for activated carbon adsorption systems in both groundwater and wastewater cleanup. The reason is that activated carbon tends to become quickly blinded by large organic molecules of low solubility, particularly oils. However, it is also well established that activated carbon is more efficient at low concentrations of organic contaminants than at higher ones, i.e. at less than 1 ppm. With organoclays it is exactly the opposite, they are better at removing organics at higher concentrations, above 3 ppm. Therefore it is cost effective in these applications to use two or more vessels in series, the first one filled with organoclay, the remainder with activated carbon. The economics make sense, even though the organoclay is not regenerated, because of the reduction in down time every time a carbon vessel has to be changed out. Use of organoclays increases the volume treated by carbon in many applications seven to nine fold. In the case of other organic contaminants, as the aqueous solubility increases, the efficiency decreases, except in the case of methylene chloride, which it removes at far higher efficiency then carbon. This article presents the results of a series of tests, including Kd determinations, jar tests, and mini-column tests. These tests determined the adsorption capacity and efficiency of organoclay and activated carbon for the removal of benzene, toluene, xylene and naphtalene from water. These tests were followed by adding the four compounds into one container to see if the combination of organoclay, followed by carbon, would be more efficient then each sorbent alone. The tests also compared the efficiency of organoclay versus carbon for the removal of various oils from water. 相似文献
3.
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) was successfully recycled through the solvent extraction from waste pipe with an extraction yield of ca. 86%. The extracted PVC was pyrolyzed by a two-stage process (260 and 410 degrees C) to obtain free-chlorine PVC based pitch through an effective removal of chlorine from PVC during the heat-treatment. As-prepared pitch (softening point: 220 degrees C) was spun, stabilized, carbonized into carbon fibers (CFs), and further activated into activated carbon fibers (ACFs) in a flow of CO2. As-prepared CFs show comparable mechanical properties to commercial CFs, whose maximum tensile strength and modulus are 862 MPa and 62 GPa, respectively. The resultant ACFs exhibit a high surface area of 1200 m2/g, narrow pore size distribution and a low oxygen content of 3%. The study provides an effective insight to recycle PVC from waste PVC and develop a carbon precursor for high performance carbon materials such as CFs and ACFs. 相似文献
4.
选用3种经氢氧化钠改性的活性炭,研究了其对4种代表性VOCs(丁酮、乙酸乙酯、甲苯和四氯化碳)的吸附规律。结果表明:活性炭经碱改性后吸附性能有较大改善,吸附量的大小与其比表面积呈正相关性,而其比表面积多为微孔提供;改性活性炭对有机气体的吸附以物理吸附为主;吸附质的相对分子质量、密度、熔点与其在改性活性炭上的吸附量具有线性相关性,而沸点、饱和蒸气压、分子动力学直径则与吸附量无明显相关性;对于同一吸附剂,170℃再生时的性能最好,130℃次之,210℃最差。 相似文献
5.
采用浸渍法和嫁接法分别将1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐([Bmim]TFSI)、丙基三辛基鏻四氟硼酸盐([P(C3H7)(C8H17)3]BF4)和丙基三辛基鏻双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐([P(C3H7)(C8H17)3]TFSI)负载于活性炭上。对产物进行了热重和孔结构分析,并以气相甲苯和二甲苯为代表物,研究了其对芳香烃的静态和动态吸附性能。研究结果表明:活性炭经离子液体改性后,能显著提高其对芳香烃的吸附性能;其中 [P(C3H7)(C8H17)3]TFSI和[P(C3H7)(C8H17)3]BF4)浸渍改性活性炭的甲苯静态吸附量较大,分别为782 mg/g和777 mg/g (25 ℃,0.1 MPa);[P(C3H7)(C8H17)3]BF4浸渍改性活性炭对于3种二甲苯异构体的吸附量最大,且排序依次为邻二甲苯>间二甲苯>对二甲苯。吸附动力学研究表明,在较高的甲苯初始浓度和较低的气体流量下,[P(C3H7)(C8H17)3]TFSI浸渍改性活性炭具有更好的吸附性能。 相似文献
7.
Qiao WM Song Y Yoon SH Korai Y Mochida I Yoshiga S Fukuda H Yamazaki A 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2006,26(6):592-598
Efficient removal of chlorine from PVC achieved by two-stage heat-treatment (280 and 410 degrees C) provided chlorine-free isotropic pitch containing additive. The pitch was stabilized and carbonized into porous carbons with surface areas of approximately 300 m2/g. Resultant porous carbons showed three pore structures of supermicropore, micropore and mesopore. The generation of CO2 from the decomposition of the CaCO3 additive in waste PVC is responsible for the development of porous structures. The surface area of the carbonized product increased after the removal of CaO. 相似文献
8.
William K. Buah Paul T. Williams 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(4):396-402
Waste biomass in the form of coconut shells was pyrolyzed and activated with steam to produce activated carbons, which were then assessed for their potential for use in the processing of gold. Activated carbons with different amounts of carbon burn-off were prepared by steam activation of carbonized coconut shells. Carbonization of the shells was performed at a pyrolysis temperature of 600?°C and the resulting chars were activated in steam at a gasification temperature of 900?°C and various durations of activation time. Textural characteristics of the derived activated carbons were determined and their effects on gold adsorption from an acidified gold chloride solution were studied. The surface area and porosity of the activated carbons increased with activation time up to 59 wt?% carbon burn-off. A further increase in the burn-off resulted in the loss of structural walls between pores and consequently, a decline in the surface area and porosity of the activated carbons. The gold adsorption capacity and rate of gold adsorption from the gold chloride solution onto the activated carbons were found to increase significantly with the total pore and micropore volumes of the activated carbons. 相似文献
9.
Francis H. Chapelle Lashun K. Thomas Paul M. Bradley Heather V. Rectanus Mark A. Widdowson 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2012,22(3):19-28
Aquifer sediment and groundwater chemistry data from 15 Department of Defense facilities located throughout the United States were collected and analyzed with the goal of estimating the amount of natural organic carbon needed to initiate reductive dechlorination in groundwater systems. Aquifer sediments were analyzed for hydroxylamine and NaOH‐extractable organic carbon, yielding a probable underestimate of potentially bioavailable organic carbon (PBOC). Aquifer sediments were also analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) using an elemental combustion analyzer, yielding a probable overestimate of bioavailable carbon. Concentrations of PBOC correlated linearly with TOC with a slope near one. However, concentrations of PBOC were consistently five to ten times lower than TOC. When mean concentrations of dissolved oxygen observed at each site were plotted versus PBOC, it showed that anoxic conditions were initiated at approximately 200 mg/kg of PBOC. Similarly, the accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products relative to parent compounds increased at a PBOC concentration of approximately 200 mg/kg. Concentrations of total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA) in sediments also increased at approximately 200 mg/kg, and bioassays showed that sediment CO2 production correlated positively with THAA. The results of this study provide an estimate for threshold amounts of bioavailable carbon present in aquifer sediments (approximately 200 mg/kg of PBOC; approximately 1,000 to 2,000 mg/kg of TOC) needed to support reductive dechlorination in groundwater systems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
10.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The aim of the study was to define a new method (SENAY process) for carbon foam (CF) production following curing by mixing organic materials with... 相似文献
11.
Treatment of discarded oil in supercritical carbon dioxide for preparation of carbon microspheres 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Binxing Yu Xiangkai Kong Lingzhi Wei Qianwang Chen 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(4):298-304
Carbon microspheres with diameter of 1–10 μm were prepared by treatment of waste oil in a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) system. The structure and morphology of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron
microscopy, and Raman spectrometry. It is shown that the products consist of graphite microspheres with relatively low graphitization.
The yield of solid products increased from 26.8 wt% to 42.2 wt% as the reaction temperature was raised from 530°C to 600°C.
Spheres with multilayer structure could be obtained by means of subsequent vacuum annealing of the carbon microspheres at
1500°C. The formation mechanisms of carbon microspheres in the scCO2 system and the influence of vacuum annealing on the structure are discussed in detail. 相似文献
12.
Paul Sangit Rahaman Manjur Ghosh Suman Kumar Katheria Ankur Das Tushar Kanti Patel Shailendra Das Narayan Ch 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(3):1470-1481
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Thermal pyrolysis of waste tires is an industrially beneficial method for material and energy recovery. Pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) is considered... 相似文献
13.
A research note on the recalcitrance of carbon dioxide gas scrubbing compounds to biodegradation processes
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Turlough F. Guerin 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2017,27(4):53-58
A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of biotreatment of liquid Sulfinol waste stored at a gas treatment facility. Sulfinol is used to scrub impurities from gas generated from both traditional gas extraction and that from hydraulic fracturing processes. Chemical characterization and microbiological assessment showed that cultures of Sulfinol‐degrading microorganisms could be enriched from Sulfinol‐contaminated soil containing saturated concentrations of Sulfinol: a mixture of di‐isopropanolamine (DiPA), sulfolane, and oxazolidone. Based on this initial finding from the enrichment culture study, batch reactors were incubated with inoculants from enrichment cultures containing known numbers of presumptive Sulfinol‐degrading microorganisms. The microbial analyses of liquors from batch reactors showed microbial inhibition and/or loss of viability due to Sulfinol toxicity, even at the lowest Sufinol waste concentration used (5 percent of the original waste). The changes in concentrations of the chemicals in the batch reactor trials were a result of chemical rather than biodegradation processes. Further research is recommended to develop repeatable strategies for biodegrading the constituents of Sulfinol under field conditions. 相似文献
14.
15.
Florentino B. De la Cruz Jeffrey P. Chanton Morton A. Barlaz 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(10):2001-2005
Landfills are an anaerobic ecosystem and represent the major disposal alternative for municipal solid waste (MSW) in the U.S. While some fraction of the biogenic carbon, primarily cellulose (Cel) and hemicellulose (H), is converted to carbon dioxide and methane, lignin (L) is essentially recalcitrant. The biogenic carbon that is not mineralized is stored within the landfill. This carbon storage represents a significant component of a landfill carbon balance. The fraction of biogenic carbon that is not reactive in the landfill environment and therefore stored was derived for samples of excavated waste by measurement of the total organic carbon, its biogenic fraction, and the remaining methane potential. The average biogenic carbon content of the excavated samples was 64.6 ± 18.0% (average ± standard deviation), while the average carbon storage factor was 0.09 ± 0.06 g biogenic-C stored per g dry sample or 0.66 ± 0.16 g biogenic-C stored per g biogenic C. 相似文献
16.
Masaki Takaoka Nobuo Takeda Naruo Yamagata Takahiro Masuda 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(3):198-205
We discuss the current status of waste to power generation (WPG) in Japan and various scenarios involving indirect reduction
of carbon dioxide emissions by WPG. The number of WPG facilities domestically as of 2005 was 286. Power generation capacity
attained 1,515 MW and power generation 7,050 GWh/year. This amount substitutes energy otherwise acquired from natural resources
such as fossil fuels in thermal power plants. If the basic unit of carbon dioxide is 0.555 kg-CO2/kWh, then the corresponding carbon dioxide emission reduction is calculated to be 3.9 million tons, equivalent to 26.7% of
the 14.6 million tons emitted by municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) in 2005. Using various existing technological options,
the power generation efficiency could reach more than 20% in MSWI facilities with capacity of 300 tons/day, although present
efficiency is only 12.0%. If about 85% of MSW were incinerated in MSWI with power generation efficiency of 20% as a feasible
assumption, the total power generation and the corresponding carbon dioxide reduction would be 16,540 GWh/year and 9.18 million
tons, respectively, equivalent to 62.7% of the carbon dioxide emitted by MSWI. Also, the ratio of the additional reduction
of carbon dioxide emissions by WPG to the total additional reduction (20,000 ktons/year) in Japan during the first commitment
period would be 26.3%, suggesting that promotion of WPG in MSWI is an effective option for prevention of global warming. 相似文献
17.
Stefania Rocca André van Zomeren Giulia Costa Joris J. Dijkstra Rob N.J. Comans Francesco Lombardi 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(2):373-381
The focus of this study was to identify the main compounds affecting the weight changes of bottom ash (BA) in conventional loss on ignition (LOI) tests and to obtain a better understanding of the individual processes in heterogeneous (waste) materials such as BA. Evaluations were performed on BA samples from a refuse derived fuel incineration (RDF-I) plant and a hospital waste incineration (HW-I) plant using thermogravimetric analysis and subsequent mass spectrometry (TG–MS) analysis of the gaseous thermal decomposition products. Results of TG–MS analysis on RDF-I BA indicated that the LOI measured at 550 °C was due to moisture evaporation and dehydration of Ca(OH)2 and hydrocalumite. Results for the HW-I BA showed that LOI at 550 °C was predominantly related to the elemental carbon (EC) content of the sample. Decomposition of CaCO3 around 700 °C was identified in both materials. In addition, we have identified reaction mechanisms that underestimate the EC and overestimate the CaCO3 contents of the HW-I BA during TG–MS analyses. These types of artefacts are expected to occur also when conventional LOI methods are adopted, in particular for materials that contain CaO/Ca(OH)2 in combination with EC and/or organic carbon, such as e.g. municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom and fly ashes. We suggest that the same mechanisms that we have found (i.e. in situ carbonation) can also occur during combustion of the waste in the incinerator (between 450 and 650 °C) demonstrating that the presence of carbonate in bottom ash is not necessarily indicative for weathering. These results may also give direction to further optimization of waste incineration technologies with regard to stimulating in situ carbonation during incineration and subsequent potential improvement of the leaching behavior of bottom ash. 相似文献
18.
This article presents a method to determine the carbon content of biomass, which is formed when degrading biodegradable polymers in an aerobic aqueous test system. Existing methods for determining the carbon content of biomass (e.g., fumigazation, protein assays, dry solids) have several disadvantages when applied for polymer degradation tests. In this work a protein assay based on the Lowry method was used. It was shown that the ratio between protein and carbon content is not constant but depends on the composition of the microbial population, the growth phase, and the substrate supply. This effect was used for the method presented in this article. For determining the carbon content of biomass the absorbance obtained by the Lowry test is correlated directly with the carbon content of biomass in dependence on the duration of the degradation test. The calibration curves are obtained by a mixed population of microorganisms during the course of a degradation test. 相似文献
19.
Kim Injun Park Jinwon Yoo Yunsung 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(2):985-997
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study aims to improve the formation of MgCO3 via inorganic carbon capture utilization (CCU) technology using industrial wastewater from an... 相似文献
20.
从燃煤电厂排出的烟气分离技术,分为即燃烧前处理、富氧燃烧以及燃烧后处理三类,阐述燃烧后的处理方法.这种方法有五大技术发展方向,包括吸收、吸附、膜分离、霜冻分离和生物捕捉.对这五个方向的技术做一些阐述,并列举这几个方向下正在开展的研究实例,对二氧化碳捕集技术做一个较全面的介绍. 相似文献