厌氧＋移动接触氧化法处理油田污水的中试

Y油田采用"核桃壳过滤+传统活性污泥法"处理油田污水,处理后污水COD、BOD5浓度分别为110.23,38.65mg/L,不能达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级标准,需升级改进处理方法。在油田现场应用"物理过滤+厌氧水解酸化+接触氧化+活性炭吸附"的处理方法,开展了油田污水深度处理中试研究,对现场中试数据进行了分析,结果表明:应用该方法处理的油田污水COD、BOD5等指标能够达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级标准,其中COD、BOD5浓度分别为26.87~37.55mg/L,6.34~7.61mg/L。     

“混凝气浮-膜生物反应器”处理林化废水工程运行调试研究

本文中根据林化废水特征确定使用"混凝气浮-膜生物反应处理器"的工艺进行处理。工程中硫酸铝的投加量为40mg/L,PAM的投加量为3mg/L,在废水pH值为7～8时进水COD、SS、OIL为279mg/L、20mg/L、26mg/L,进行混凝气浮后,出水的COD、SS、OIL浓度依次为135mg/L、9.6mg/L、9.5mg/L,去除率分别达到了52%、50%、64%。膜生物反应系统的调试,以污泥接种的方式进行污泥培养驯化。初期以面粉作为营养源清水培养污泥,按照7天左右的周期按每次30m3/d的污水进水量逐渐增加污水的比例,直到完全进水,调试驯化期污泥浓度控制在2500～3000mg/L。正常运转中污泥浓度可达到5000mg/L左右,出水水质COD、SS、OIL浓度分别达到30mg/L、6mg/L、3mg/L,符合处理目标要求。     

中空纤维膜生物反应器处理炼厂浮选池出水试验研究

研究设计的膜生物反应器处理炼厂浮选池出水,在每天进水容积负荷1.0 kg COD/m3,进水COD浓度600 mg/L,MLSS为900～5500 mg/L的条件下,无论活性污泥表现正常还是膨胀,过滤出水中COD均稳定地小于90 mg/L,处理效果好于目前炼油厂的合建式曝气池(容积负荷为0.5 kg COD/m3左右,出水COD100 mg/L左右)。试验运行期间,膜通量最高可达到42 L/m2·h。该工艺的技术关键是采用特殊流态来降低膜堵塞的膜生物反应器和优良质量的膜。     

生化处理技术在油田污水处理工程中的应用

介绍了新疆油田公司某作业区污水生化处理技术流程、原理、工艺特点、出水水质,分析了系统的运行效果和运行维护状况,进行了效益评价。经该工艺处理后,出水石油类0.434mg/L、COD 184mg/L、BOD85.4mg/L、挥发酚0.023mg/L,水质达到GB 5084—2005《农田灌溉水质标准》中灌溉荒漠植物标准,用于生态田植被灌溉,为油田处理含油废水提供了途径。     

厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理PTA生产废水

采用新研制的上旋流厌氧反应器/两级好氧组合工艺处理PTA废水,调试运行效果表明,当原水CODCr浓度在8000~14,000mg/L时,处理后出水CODCr在80~100mg/L。调试期间,上旋流厌氧反应器的处理效率可稳定达到80%以上。     

钢铁企业生活污水的处理与回用

采用多级缺氧/好氧活性污泥法工艺(A/A/O改良工艺)处理钢铁企业生活污水,出水COD_(Cr)为20mg/L、NH_3-N为2.5mg/L、悬浮物为10mg/L,系统运行稳定,各项指标均优于设计的预期效果,可以作为钢铁生产新水的补充水。     

采用生化-化学技术处理吗啉生产废水

针对吗啉生产废水的特点,制定处理工艺路线,通过生化试验和化学氧化试验,研究该工艺对废水COD和氨氮的处理效果,并确定生化各段停留时间及氧化剂投加量等工艺参数,最终开发出一套处理吗啉生产废水的工艺路线。试验结果表明:生化段试验进水COD平均7 725 mg/L,平均出水COD为168 mg/L,COD平均去除率为97.7%;进水氨氮平均浓度489 mg/L,出水氨氮平均浓度为2.3 mg/L,氨氮平均去除率为99.5%。最后经化学氧化处理后,出水COD60 mg/L,氨氮5 mg/L,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

高矿化度稠油采出水处理实验

为解决稠油采出水合格、有序排放问题,针对稠油采出水高矿化度、可生物性差,完全采用好氧工艺处理污水难度较大的水质特点,通过对车510稠油采出水进行分析,提出了实现采出水达标排放的技术路线,并开展稠油采出水达标处理的现场实验。结果表明采用"混凝沉降+水解酸化—接触氧化"工艺处理该采出水,其出水水质中COD_(Cr)≤120mg/L、石油类≤10mg/L、挥发酚≤0.5mg/L,可达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中二级指标。     

新农村建设污水处理工程实例

山海关区新民居污水治理工程采用水解酸化+接触氧化+曝气生物滤池为主的工艺进行污水治理,实际运行结果表明:系统运行稳定,处理出水COD≤48 mg.L-1,BOD5≤9 mg.L-1,SS≤10 mg.L-1,NH3-N≤4.5 mg.L-1,TP≤0.47 mg.L-1,处理出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,出水用于农村绿化和农灌,经济效益和环境效益明显。     

序批式生物膜法处理油田采油废水

采用序批式生物膜(SBBR)法处理油田采油废水。研究并开发了特殊活性污泥的培养和驯化方法。在被处理的污水中加入微生物促生剂FYS-5,可迅速培养出处理采油废水的微生物,用此种方法培养出的活性污泥的活性高,去除有毒有害物质的能力强,能够提高处理效率,保持良好的微生物生长状况。在SBBR装置进水COD容积负荷为0.5kg/(m3·d)及进水COD为500mg/L左右的条件下,经过近两个月的连续运转,COD平均去除率超过80%,出水中COD低于100mg/L,符合GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》的要求,经过处理的污水可以直接排放。     

Treatment of low-strength soluble wastewater using an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR)

Treatment of low-strength soluble wastewater (COD approximately 500 mg/L) was studied using an eight chambered anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). At pseudo steady-state (PSS), the average total and soluble COD values (COD(T) and COD(S)) at 8h hydraulic retention time (HRT) were found to be around 50 and 40 mg/L, respectively, while at 10h HRT average COD(T) and COD(S) values were of the order of 47 and 37 mg/L, respectively. COD and BOD (3 day, 27 degrees C) removal averaged more than 90%. Effluent conformed to Indian standards laid down for BOD (less than 30 mg/L). Reactor effluent characteristics exhibited very low values of standard deviation indicating excellent reactor stability at PSS in terms of effluent characteristics. Based on mass balance calculations, more than 60% of raw wastewater COD was estimated to be recovered as CH(4) in the gas phase. Compartment-wise profiles indicated that most of the BOD and COD got reduced in the initial compartments only. Sudden drop in pH (7.8-6.7) and formation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) (53-85 mg/L) were observed in the first compartment due to acidogenesis and acetogenesis. The pH increased and VFA concentration decreased longitudinally down the reactor. Residence time distribution (RTD) studies revealed that the flow pattern in the ABR was neither completely plug-flow nor perfectly mixed. Observations from scanning electron micrographs (SEM) suggest that distinct phase separation takes place in an ABR.     

无污泥化生物技术在真丝染色综合废水处理中的研究及应用

本文主要对真丝染色综合废水Ａ／Ｏ处理中所产生的污泥进行无污泥化生物处理的研究,并把技术运用在日处理９００ｔ／ｄ的综合废水生化处理装置上,设施经四年连续运行表明：出水ｐＨ＝７． ３６,ＳＳ＝４８ｍｇ／１,ＣＯＤｃｒ＝９５ｍｇ／１,ＢＯＤ５＝３８ｍｇ／１,ＮＨ３－Ｎ＝１８ ．８ｍｇ／１,出水水质指标全部达到国家规定的排放标准,该技术不仅解决了污泥的难治理问题,而且利用生物技术彻底解决了污泥的二次污染问题,还节约了可观的运行费用和投资费用,并提高了Ａ／Ｏ的处理效果。     

微生物菌剂在酿酒废水处理中的应用研究

采用厌氧－好氧工艺,结合微生物菌剂对酿酒废水进行了处理研究。进水CODCr浓度可达到8,456.3-22,442.0mg/L,BOD55,040.0-9.557.1mg/L,pH3-4,可不调pH,采用微生物菌剂接种可启动厌氧反应器,COD有机负荷最高达到10.2gCOD/Ld,COD去除率稳定在91－95％,BOD去除率90－94％,出水pH6.6-7.1,出水CODCr在2,000mg/L以下,BOD5800mg/L以下。厌氧污泥可全部颗粒化。好氧处理系统中接种微生物菌剂,曝气10－12小时,可保证出水中CODCr在230mg/L以下,甚至直接达到国家一级排放标准。微生物菌剂的应用是取得该处理效果的关键。     

内循环三相生物流化床处理生活污水的试验研究

对内循环三相生物流化床处理生活污水进行了试验研究,探讨了生物膜的形成和水力停留时间及曝气量对处理效果的影响。结果表明：在HRT为6h,曝气量为0.6m3/h,进水COD和NH4＋-N分别为240.2~298.7mg/L和29.1~68.9mg/L条件下,平均COD去除率为83%,NH4＋-N去除率为95.1%。     

油田高盐浓度废水对其生化处理的影响

根据油田压裂液废水中的盐浓度对生化处理系统的影响,对生化处理系统中活性污泥的生物学变化规律进行了实验研究。结果表明:当废水中盐浓度低于2.5×104mg/L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在92%左右,污泥活性良好;当废水中盐浓度达到2.5×104mg/L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降(稳定在80%左右);当盐浓度达到3.5×104mg/L时,COD去除率下降到60%左右;当废水中盐浓度达到6.0×104mg/L时,污泥活性系统趋于崩溃。     

H2O2／Fe^2＋氧化偶合混凝法处理干膜废水的研究

本文研究了H2O2／Fe^2＋氧化偶合混凝法处理印刷电路板厂干膜废水。讨论了包括过氧化氢浓度、亚铁离子浓度、pH值、时间和混凝pH值等影响因素,试验结果表明,当过氧化氢浓度为457.0mg/L、铁离子浓度为400mg/L、氧化pH值4.0、反温度为40℃、反应时间180min时,COD去除率达84.7%,出水的水质达到排放标准。     

Combined chemical and biological oxidation of penicillin formulation effluent

Antibiotic formulation effluent is well known for its important contribution to environmental pollution due to its fluctuating and recalcitrant nature. In the present study, the chemical treatability of penicillin formulation effluent (average filtered COD(o)=830 mg/l; average soluble COD(o)=615 mg/l; pH(o)=6.9) bearing the active substances penicillin Amoxicillin Trihydrate (C(16)H(19)N(3)O(5)S.3H(2)O) and the beta-lactamase inhibitor Potassium Clavulanate (C(8)H(8)KNO(5)) has been investigated. For this purpose, the penicillin formulation effluent was subjected to ozonation (applied ozone dose=2500 mg/(lxh)) at varying pH (2.5-12.0) and O(3)+H(2)O(2) (perozonation) at different initial H(2)O(2) concentrations (=2-40 mM) and pH 10.5. According to the experimental results, the overall Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency varied between 10 and 56% for ozonation and 30% (no H(2)O(2)) and 83% (20 mM H(2)O(2)) for the O(3)+H(2)O(2) process. The addition of H(2)O(2) improved the COD removal rates considerably even at the lowest studied H(2)O(2) concentration. An optimum H(2)O(2) concentration of 20 mM existed at which the highest COD removal efficiency and abatement kinetics were obtained. The ozone absorption rate ranged between 53% (ozonation) and 68% (perozonation). An ozone input of 800 mg/l in 20 min was sufficient to achieve the highest BOD(5)/COD (biodegradability) ratio (=0.45) and BOD(5) value (109 mg/l) for the pre-treated penicillin formulation effluent. After the establishment of optimum ozonation and perozonation conditions, mixtures of synthetic domestic wastewater+raw, ozonated and perozonated penicillin formulation effluent were subjected to biological activated sludge treatment at a food-to-microorganisms (F/M) ratio of 0.23 mg COD/(mg MLSSxd), using a consortium of acclimated microorganisms. COD removal efficiencies of the activated sludge process were 71, 81 and 72% for pharmaceutical wastewater containing synthetic domestic wastewater mixed with either raw, ozonated or perozonated formulation effluent, respectively. The ultimate COD value obtained after 24-h biotreatment of the synthetic domestic wastewater+pre-ozonated formulation effluent mixture was around 100 mg/l instead of 180 mg/l which was the final COD obtained for the wastewater mixture containing raw formulation effluent, indicating that pre-ozonation at least partially removed the non-biodegradable COD fraction of the formulation effluent.     

Aerobic treatment of palm oil mill effluent

In this study treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated using aerobic oxidation based on an activated sludge process. The effects of sludge volume index, scum index and mixed liquor suspended solids during the acclimatizing phase and biomass build-up phase were investigated in order to ascertain the reactor stability. The efficiency of the activated sludge process was evaluated by treating anaerobically digested and diluted raw POME obtained from Golden Hope Plantations, Malaysia. The treatment of POME was carried out at a fixed biomass concentration of 3900+/-200mg/L, whereas the corresponding sludge volume index was found to be around 105+/-5mL/g. The initial studies on the efficiency of the activated sludge reactor were carried out using diluted raw POME for varying the hydraulic retention time, viz: 18, 24, 30 and 36h and influent COD concentration, viz: 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000mg/L, respectively. The results showed that at the end of 36h of hydraulic retention time for the above said influent COD, the COD removal efficiencies were found to be 83%, 72%, 64%, 54% and 42% whereas at 24h hydraulic retention time they were 57%, 45%, 38%, 30% and 27%, respectively. The effectiveness of aerobic oxidation was also compared between anaerobically digested and diluted raw POME having corresponding CODs of 3908 and 3925mg/L, for varying hydraulic retention time, viz: 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54 and 60h. The dissolved oxygen concentration and pH in the activated sludge reactor were found to be 1.8-2.2mg/L and 7-8.5, respectively. The scum index was found to rise from 0.5% to 1.9% during the acclimatizing phase and biomass build-up phase.     

The formation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of real landfill leachate using a granular sequencing batch reactor at a constant volume

Leachate generated in a landfill may not be treated by conventional biological treatment due to its nature and complexity. The process of forming aerobic granules in batch sequencing reactors having features such as; reducing the settling process time and saving energy consumption and high decomposition rate have been noticed by researchers. In the present study, the structure of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was evaluated for the formation of granules, which were subsequently utilized for the treatment of landfill leachate. The experiment was initiated by using the GSBR, containing 1200 ml with different apparatuses, to develop granular sludge, and synthetic wastewater was added to reinforcement. The selected parameters for the operational hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the wastewater (6-h cycles) included feeding, idle, aeration, settling, and discharge. Furthermore, the controlled conditions were the dissolved oxygen (DO) range of 2–2.2 mg/L, temperature range of 20–23℃, and pH of 7.5–8.3. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and sludge volume index (SVI) daily were measured at the influent and effluent of GSBR reactor. The main properties of aerobic granular sludge were identified during the research procedures, and the remarkable settling and potent, high-density microbial structure of the granules were confirmed. The mean size of the formulated granules was estimated at 7.46 ± 1.8 mm, and the volume of the biomass also increased from approximately 1607 to 4137 mg/L through the granulation process. Moreover, 98% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be removed by the formulated granular sludge, and the final-stage organic loading rate was estimated at 5.65 COD/m³/day. According to the results, GSBRs could be employed for the formulation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of landfill leachate.