二氯苯醌对斑马鱼胚胎发育及超氧化物歧化酶的影响

2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌（2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone,2,6-DCBQ）作为一种新型消毒副产物,因其高检出率及高含量的特点而备受人们关注.本研究以斑马鱼胚胎为实验材料探究了2,6-DCBQ的发育毒性.结果发现：斑马鱼胚胎在8~24 hpf（器官发育形成时期）对2,6-DCBQ暴露最为敏感,死亡率最高;2,6-DCBQ安全浓度为27.15 μg·L^-1,属于极度危险外源化学物.在本实验中,2,6-DCBQ对斑马鱼的生长没有显著影响,但高浓度（100和150 μg·L^-1）2,6-DCBQ会显著增加斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼的畸形率.在实验过程中还发现,高浓度（≥ 80 μg·L^-1）2,6-DCBQ会明显抑制斑马鱼胚胎的心率.此外,≥ 30 μg·L^-1 2,6-DCBQ可提高超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）的活性,并影响Cu/ZnSOD和MnSOD的正常转录.本研究较全面地探究了2,6-DCBQ对斑马鱼早期发育阶段的发育毒性,可为2,6-DCBQ的毒性研究提供可靠证据.     

Neurotoxicity and transcriptome changes in embryonic zebrafish induced by halobenzoquinone exposure

Halobenzoquinones(HBQs) are emerging disinfection byproducts(DBPs) with a widespread presence in drinking water that exhibit much higher cytotoxicity than regulated DBPs. However, the developmental neurotoxicity of HBQs has not been studied in vivo. In this work, we studied the neurotoxicity of HBQs on zebrafish embryos, after exposure to varying concentrations(0-8 μmol/L) of three HBQs, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,5-DCBQ), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,6-DCBQ), and 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoqu...     

Biochemical responses of the freshwater microalga Dictyosphaerium sp. upon exposure to three sulfonamides

Sulfonamides(SAs) are common antimicrobial drugs, which are frequently detected in surface water systems, and are difficult to degrade, posing a potential threat to the aquatic environment. However, little is known about the potential adverse effects of SAs on nontarget organisms(e.g., microalgae) in the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, the effect of SAs(sulfadiazine(SD), sulfamerazine(SM1), and sulfamethazine(SM2) at 1, 5, 20, and 50 mg/L concentrations, respectively) on the freshwater microal...     

Ferroelectric polarization effect on the photocatalytic activity of Bi0.9Ca0.1FeO3/CdS S-scheme nanocomposites

BiFeO₃ (BFO), as a kind of narrow band-gap semiconductor material, has gradually emerged advantages in the application of photocatalysis. In this paper, Ca doped BFO nanoparticles Bi_0.9Ca_0.1FeO₃ (BCFO) were prepared by sol-gel method. And BCFO and CdS nanocomposites with two morphologies were obtained by controlling the time of loading CdS under a low temperature liquid phase process. It is found that the band gap becomes narrower after doping Ca into BFO, which is conducive to the absorption of visible light. Among all the samples, the composite of CdS nanowires and BCFO nanoparticles obtained by reaction time of 10 min has the best photocatalytic performance. The degradation rate of Methyl Orange solution was 94% after 90 min under visible light irradiation, which was much higher than that of pure BCFO and CdS. Furthermore, significant enhancement in the degradation rate (100% degradation in 60 min) can be achieved in poled samples after electric polarization process. The highest degradation rate is due to the promoted separation of photogenerated carriers induced by the internal polarization field and the formation of S-scheme heterostructure between BCFO and CdS. Such BCFO-CdS nanocomposites may bring new insights into designing highly efficient photocatalyst.     

四环素和砷对斑马鱼的联合毒性及机制

选取斑马鱼为模式生物,研究TET(四环素)和As(砷)对斑马鱼的联合毒性.结果表明,50μg/L TET和100μg/L As的联合暴露显著增加斑马鱼体内氧化应激(GPx)、炎症因子(TNF-α)和凋亡因子(C-jun)相关基因表达,造成肠道和肝脏组织更严重的损伤.50μg/L TET和100μg/LAs联合暴露呈现的...     

Human exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors and serum levels of thyroid hormones: A cross-sectional study

Exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDCs) could disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis. However, human epidemiological studies reported inconsistent observations, and scarce information on the effect of a mixture of chemicals. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of multiple chemicals with thyroid hormones among adults from China. We measured serum levels of thyroid hormones and urinary levels of 11 EDCs, including six phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), perchlorate, and thiocyanate among 177 healthy adults without occupational exposure. Associations of multiple urinary analytes with serum thyroid hormones were examined by performing general linear regression analysis and bayesian kernal machine regression analysis. These EDCs were detected in almost all samples. After adjusting for various covariates, we observed only BPF significantly associated with total thyroxin (TT4) (β=-0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.41, -0.14]), total triiodothyronine (TT3) (β=-0.02 95% CI [-0.03, -0.01]), free T4 (fT4) (β=-0.02, 95% CI [-0.03, -0.01]), and free T3 (fT3) (β=-0.04, 95% CI [-0.07, -0.01]), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) positively associated with TT4 (β=0.24, 95% CI [0.01, 0.48]) and fT4 (β=0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.04]), respectively. Moreover, we observed significant dose-response relationships between TT4 and the mixture of 11 EDCs, and BPF was the main contributor to the mixture effect, suggesting the priority of potential effect of BPF on disrupting thyroid function under a real scenario of human exposure to multiple EDCs. Our findings supported the hypothesis that human exposure to low levels of EDCs could alter thyroid hormones homeostasis among non-occupational healthy adults.     

Effects of ultrasonication on the DBP formation and toxicity during chlorination of saline wastewater effluents

Chlorine disinfection of saline wastewater effluents rich in bromide and iodide forms relatively toxic brominated and iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Ultrasonication is a relatively new water treatment technology, and it is less sensitive to suspended solids in wastewaters. In this study, we examined the effects of ultrasonication (in terms of reactor type and combination mode with chlorination) on the DBP formation and toxicity in chlorinated primary and secondary saline wastewater effluents. Compared with the chlorinated wastewater effluent samples without ultrasonication, ultrasonic horn pretreatment of the wastewater effluent samples reduced the total organic halogen (TOX) levels in chlorination by ∼30%, but ultrasonic bath pretreatment of the wastewater samples did not significantly change the TOX levels in chlorination, which might be attributed to the higher energy utilization and decomposition extent of organic DBP precursors in the ultrasonic horn reactor. Moreover, the TOX levels in the chlorinated samples with ultrasonic horn pretreatment (USH–chlorination), simultaneous treatment (chlorination+USH) and subsequent treatment (chlorination–USH) were also significantly reduced, with the maximum TOX reductions occurring in the samples with ultrasonic horn pretreatment. A toxicity index was calculated by weighting and summing the levels of total organic chlorine, total organic bromine and total organic iodine in each treated sample. The calculated toxicity index values of the chlorinated wastewater effluent samples followed a descending rank order of “chlorination” > “chlorination+USH” > “chlorination–USH” > “USH–chlorination”, with the lowest toxicity occurring in the samples with ultrasonic horn pretreatment. Then, a developmental toxicity bioassay was conducted for each treated sample. The measured toxicity index values of the chlorinated wastewater samples followed the same descending rank order.     

Effects of chronic exposure to nonylphenol on locomotor activity and social behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Nonylphenol(NP),a xenoestrogen ubiquitously found in aquatic ecosystems,is of high environmental concern.The present work assessed the effects of exposure to NP on locomotor activity and social behavior in male and female zebrafish(Danio rerio),to evaluate the possible hazard of NP to fish behavior and to pursue a potential biomarker of NP contamination.Fish were randomly divided into six groups.Five groups were receiving 0.1,1,10,50 and 100 μg/L nominal concentrations of NP for 60 days,respectively.A sixth control group was given the same treatment as the other five groups,but no NP.Locomotor activity,aggressive behavior,group preference and leaving shoal were examined.NP exposure showed marked influence on locomotor activity of the male zebrafish,whereas that of the female was not significantly affected by NP.Aggressive behavior and group preference were significantly affected by NP exposure in both male and female groups.Locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female zebrafish were clearly inhibited at 100 μg/L NP.No significant alteration in leaving shoal was observed under NP exposure.The results suggested that changes in locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female may be used as an ecologically relevant integrative biomarker of NP contamination.     

1,2,4-三氯苯对斑马鱼生殖和胚胎发育毒性效应

采用斑马鱼胚胎早期发育技术研究了1,2,4-三氯苯(1,2,4-TCB)对成年斑马鱼(Danio retio)和斑马鱼受精卵染毒后胚胎生命早期阶段生长发育的影响.结果发现,大于5mg/L 剂量的1,2,4-TCB有明显发育毒性,会导致胚胎致畸,引起胚胎凝集或死亡.1,2,4-TCB对成年斑马鱼和斑马鱼受精卵染毒后,胚胎的致死率均与1,2,4-TCB处理之间呈现时间-效应和剂量-效应关系.高浓度的(15 mg/L) 1,2,4-TCB对成年斑马鱼的染毒,其平均产卵量和受精率均降低.成年斑马鱼或者受精卵接触1,2,4-TCB后,胚胎发育中典型的非致死效应—心包囊水肿和脊柱畸形的比例均随着1,2,4-TCB的浓度升高而逐渐升高.同浓度1,2,4-TCB处理后,斑马鱼胚胎直接染毒造成的非致死毒性效应更强.结果表明,水体中残留的1,2,4-TCB对于鱼类的生殖和发育具有潜在的危害.     

Studies on relationships between air pollutants and allergenicity of Humulus Scandens pollen collected from different areas of Shanghai

Pollen pollution and allergy are becoming prominent issues in China.However,few studies on pollinosis have been reported.As an allergen in the atmosphere,allergenic Humulus scandens pollen was collected from four districts of Shanghai,including Wusong(WS),Jiading(KD),Xujiahui(XJH) and Songjiang(SJ).The mass concentrations of SO₂,NO₂,O₃,PM₁₀,and PM_2.5(particulate matter with air dynamic diameter less than 10 and 2.5 um,respectively) near the ...     

Application of a real-ambient fine particulate matter exposure system on different animal models

Simulation of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure is essential for evaluating adverse health effects. In this work, an ambient exposure system that mimicked real atmospheric conditions was installed in Taiyuan, China to study impacts of chronic PM_2.5 exposure on adult and aged mice as well as Sirtuin3 knockout (Sirt3 KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The real-ambient exposure system eliminated the possible artificial effects caused from exposure experiments and maintained the physiochemical characteristics of PM_2.5. The case studies indicated that aged mice exhibited apparent heart dysfunction involving increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure after 17-week of real-ambient PM_2.5 exposure. Meanwhile, 15-week of real-ambient PM_2.5 exposure decreased the heart rate and amounts of associated catecholamines to induce heart failure in Sirt3 KO mice. Additionally, the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased platelet related indices suggested that inflammation occurred. The changes of biomarkers detected by targeted metabolomics confirmed metabolic disorder in WT and Sirt3 KO mice after exposed to real-ambient PM_2.5. These results indicated that the real-ambient PM_2.5 exposure system could evaluate the risks of certain diseases associated with air pollution and have great potential for supporting the investigations of PM_2.5 effects on other types of rodent models.     

通过多阶段暴露试验评价嘧菌酯对斑马鱼的急性毒性与发育毒性

嘧菌酯作为最畅销的甲氧丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂,是防治水稻病害的常用农药,其对水生生态环境的负面效应值得重视.为研究嘧菌酯对水生生物的危害,进行多阶段(成鱼、仔鱼、胚胎)斑马鱼毒性试验,分析了嘧菌酯对鱼类的急性毒性,同时,通过6 d胚胎发育试验,研究了嘧菌酯对鱼类早期发育阶段的影响.结果表明,斑马鱼3个生命阶段对嘧菌酯的敏感性(以96 h-LC50(致死中浓度)表示)顺序为:仔鱼(0.39 mg·L~(-1))胚胎(0.61 mg·L~(-1))成鱼(1.37 mg·L~(-1)).6 d胚胎发育试验结果发现,嘧菌酯可诱导斑马鱼胚胎出现一系列不良症状,包括孵化率下降、心率异常、生长抑制和心包水肿等.0.25 mg·L~(-1)的嘧菌酯可显著促进斑马鱼胚胎自主运动和心率,并能明显抑制孵化仔鱼的体长.0.6 mg·L~(-1)及更高浓度的嘧菌酯可明显抑制斑马鱼胚胎眼睛、体节、尾部和心脏的发育.研究显示,嘧菌酯对斑马鱼多个生命阶段均具有一定毒性,但对早期生命阶段毒性更强,因此,其对鱼类早期生命阶段的影响值得重视.     

Fish forewarning of comprehensive toxicity in water environment based on Bayesian sequential method

Environmental impact of pollutants can be analyzed effectively by acquiring fish behavioral signals in water with biological behavior sensors. However, a variety of factors, such as the complexity of biological organisms themselves, the device error and the environmental noise, may compromise the accuracy and timeliness of model predictions. The current methods lack prior knowledge about the fish behavioral signals corresponding to characteristic pollutants, and in the event of a pollutant invasion, the fish behavioral signals are poorly discriminated. Therefore, we propose a novel method based on Bayesian sequential, which utilizes multi-channel prior knowledge to calculate the outlier sequence based on wavelet feature followed by calculating the anomaly probability of observed values. Furthermore, the relationship between the anomaly probability and toxicity is analyzed in order to achieve forewarning effectively. At last, our algorithm for fish toxicity detection is verified by integrating the data on laboratory acceptance of characteristic pollutants. The results show that only one false positive occurred in the six experiments, the present algorithm is effective in suppressing false positives and negatives, which increases the reliability of toxicity detections, and thereby has certain applicability and universality in engineering applications.     

Effects of environmental contaminants on fertility and reproductive health

Recent research indicates that the human infertility rate is increasing. Although various reasons have been hypothesized for the growing infertility rate, environmental contaminants are potentially important causal agents associated with this change. Chemical contaminants are widespread throughout our environment and human exposure is virtually unavoidable. The overall contribution of environmental exposure to infertility is unknown, but studies involving occupational exposure, together with results from animal experiments, suggest that environmental contaminants may adversely affect fertility. We reviewed the adverse effects of environmental exposure on fertility and related reproductive outcomes. Environmental contaminants covered in this review include heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and endocrine disrupting chemicals. It is hoped that this review will highlight the need for further research in this area.     

Sources of ambient non-methane hydrocarbon compounds and their impacts on O3 formation during autumn, Beijing

The field observation of 54 non-methane hydrocarbon compounds (NMHCs) was conducted from September 1 to October 20 in 2020 during autumn in Haidian District, Beijing. The mean concentration of total NMHCs was 29.81 ± 11.39 ppbv during this period, and alkanes were the major components. There were typical festival effects of NMHCs with lower concentration during the National Day. Alkenes and aromatics were the dominant groups in ozone formation potential (OFP) and OH radical loss rate (L_OH). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) running results revealed that vehicular exhaust became the biggest source in urban areas, followed by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) usage, solvent usage, and fuel evaporation. The box model coupled with master chemical mechanism (MCM) was applied to study the impacts of different NMHCs sources on ozone (O₃) formation in an O₃ episode. The simulation results indicated that reducing NMHCs concentration could effectively suppress O₃ formation. Moreover, reducing traffic-related emissions of NMHCs was an effective way to control O₃ pollution at an urban site in Beijing.