Salinity elevates Cd bioaccumulation of sea rice cultured under co-exposure of cadmium and salt

Salt-tolerant rice (sea rice) is a key cultivar for increasing rice yields in salinity soil. The co-existence of salinity and cadmium (Cd) toxicities in the plant-soil system has become a great challenge for sustainable agriculture, especially in some estuaries and coastal areas. However, little information is available on the Cd accumulating features of sea rice under the co-stress of Cd and salinity. In this work, a hydroponic experiment with combined Cd (0, 0.2, 0.8 mg/L Cd²⁺) and saline (0, 0.6%, and 1.2% NaCl, W/V) levels and a pot experiment were set to evaluate the Cd toxic risks of sea rice. The hydroponic results showed that more Cd accumulated in sea rice than that in the reported high-Cd-accumulating rice, Chang Xianggu. It indicated an interesting synergistic effect between Cd and Na levels in sea rice, and the Cd level rose significantly with a concomitant increase in Na level in both shoot (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and root (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) of sea rice. Lower MDA content was found in sea rice, implying that the salt addition probably triggered the defensive ability against oxidative stress. The pot experiment indicated that the coexistent Cd and salinity stress further inhibited the rice growth and rice yield, and the Cd concentration in rice grain was below 0.2 mg/kg. Collectively, this work provides a general understanding of the co-stress of Cd and salinity on the growth and Cd accumulation of sea rice. Additional work is required to precisely identify the phytoremediation potential of sea rice in Cd-polluted saline soil.     

Migration and transformation of Sb are affected by Mn(III/IV) associated with lepidocrocite originating from Fe(II) oxidation

Antimony (Sb) is a recognized priority pollutant with toxicity that is influenced by its migration and transformation processes. Oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) oxides, which is a common phenomenon in the environment, is often accompanied by the formation of Mn(III/IV) and might affect the fate of Sb. In this study, incorporated Mn(III) and sorbed/precipitated Mn(III/IV) associated with lepidocrocite were prepared by adding Mn(II) during and after Fe(II) oxidation, respectively, and the effects of these Mn species on Sb fate were investigated. Our results indicated that the association of these Mn species with lepidocrocite obviously enhanced Sb(III) oxidation to Sb(V), while concomitantly inhibiting Sb sorption due to the lower sorption capacity of lepidocrocite for Sb(V) than Sb(III). Additionally, Mn oxide equivalents increased in the presence of Sb, indicating that Sb oxidation by Mn(III/IV) associated with lepidocrocite was a continuous recycling process in which Mn(II) released from Mn(III/IV) reduction by Sb(III) could be oxidized to Mn(III/IV) again. This recycling process was favorable for effective Sb(III) oxidation. Moreover, Sb(V) generated from Sb(III) oxidation by Mn(III/IV) enhanced Mn(II) sorption at the beginning of the process, and thus favored Mn(III/IV) formation, which could further promote Sb(III) oxidation to Sb(V). Overall, this study elucidated the effects of Mn(III/IV) associated with lepidocrocite arisen from Fe(II) oxidation on Sb migration and transformation and revealed the underlying reaction mechanisms, contributing to a better understanding of the geochemical dynamics of Sb.     

Interactions between lead(II) ions and dissolved organic matter derived from organic fertilizers incubated in the field

This work was to study composition characteristics and the subsequent effect on the lead (Pb) binding properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from seaweed-based (SWOF) and chicken manure organic fertilizers (CMOF) during a one-year field incubation experiment using the excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis. Results showed that high aromatic and hydrophobic fluorescent substances were enriched in CMOF-derived DOM and SWOF-derived DOM and enhanced over time. And phenolic groups in the fulvic-like substances for SWOF-derived DOM and carboxyl groups in the humic-like substances for CMOF-derived DOM had the fastest responses over time, respectively. Moreover, both non-fluorescent polysaccharides and fluorescent humic-like substances or fulvic-like substances with aromatic (C=C) groups first participated in the binding process of Pb to SWOF-derived DOM on day 0 and 180 during the lead binding process. In contrast, humic-like substances associated with aromatic (C=C) and phenolic groups gave a faster response to Pb binding on day 360. Regarding CMOF-derived DOM, the fulvic-like substances associated with aromatic (C=C) and carboxylic groups displayed a faster response to Pb ions on day 0. Nonetheless, polysaccharides and humic-like associated with phenolic groups had a faster response on days 180 and 360. It is noteworthy that the polysaccharides, which participated in Pb binding to CMOF-derived DOM, posed a higher risk of Pb in the environment after 360 days. Therefore, these findings gave new insights into the long-term applications of commercial organic fertilizers for the amendment of soil.     

除草剂三氟羧草醚经口暴露对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目前,有关三氟羧草醚(Acifluorfen,AF)的神经毒性未见报道且亟待确定.为探讨AF经口暴露对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其可能机制,将30只雄性昆明小鼠随机分成生理盐水对照组、0.13、1.3、13和130 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) AF染毒组共5组,灌胃染毒14 d,进行Morris水迷宫实验,观察脑海马病理切片,并检测脑组织中活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、磷酸化cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(pCREB)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)含量.结果显示,与对照组相比,AF染毒剂量分别为13和130 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)时,小鼠行为学上学习记忆能力下降;海马细胞排列松散;出现氧化损伤,其中,ROS含量显著升高(p0.05),GSH含量显著减少(p0.05);神经保护能力减弱,其中,pCREB和BDNF水平显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)下降.结果表明,AF能够导致小鼠学习记忆能力下降,氧化应激和CREB-BDNF通路级联下调可能是AF造成神经毒性的机制之一.     

VxMn(4 − x)Mo3Ce3/Ti catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3

A series of vanadium based catalysts(VxMn(4-x)Mo3Ce3/Ti) with different vanadium(x wt.%) and manganese((4-x) wt.%) contents have been prepared by the wet impregnation method and investigated for selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO_x by NH_3 in the presence of 8 vol.% H_2O and 500 ppm V SO_2.The physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts were thoroughly characterized.The SCR of NO_x by NH_3(NH_3-SCR) activity, especially the low-temperature activity, significantly increased with increasing V_2O_5 content in the catalyst until the V_2O_5 content reached 1.5 wt.%, which corresponds well with the redox properties of the catalyst.All of the metal oxides were well dispersed and strongly interacted with each other on the catalyst surface.V mainly exists in the V~(5+)state in the catalysts.The strong synergistic effect between the vanadium and cerium species led to formation of more Ce~(3+)species, and that between the vanadium and manganese species contributed to formation of more manganese species with low valences.All of the catalysts exhibited strong acidity, while the redox properties determined the NH_3-SCR activity, especially the low-temperature activity.H_2O and SO_2 had severe inhibiting effects on the activity of V1.5Mn2.5Mo3Ce3/Ti.However, good H_2O and SO_2 resistance and high NO_x conversion by V1.5Mn2.5Mo3Ce3/Ti could be achieved in the presence of SO_2 and almost no decline was observed in a long-term test at 275℃ for 168 hr in the presence of SO_2 and H_2O, which can be attributed to the sulfate species formed on the catalyst surface.     

Promotional effect of cobalt doping on catalytic performance of cryptomelane-type manganese oxide in toluene oxidation

The cryptomelane-type manganese oxide (OMS-2)-supported Co (xCo/OMS-2; x = 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) catalysts were prepared via a pre-incorporation route. The as-prepared materials were used as catalysts for catalytic oxidation of toluene (2000 ppmV). Physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were measured using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) techniques. Among all of the catalysts, 10Co/OMS-2 performed the best, with the T_90%, specific reaction rate at 245°C, and turnover frequency at 245°C (TOF_Co) being 245°C, 1.23 × 10⁻³ mol_toluene/(g_cat·sec), and 11.58 × 10⁻³ sec⁻¹ for toluene oxidation at a space velocity of 60,000 mL/(g·hr), respectively. The excellent catalytic performance of 10Co/OMS-2 were due to more oxygen vacancies, enhanced redox ability and oxygen mobility, and strong synergistic effect between Co species and OMS-2 support. Moreover, in the presence of poisoning gases CO₂, SO₂ or NH₃, the activity of 10Co/OMS-2 decreased for the carbonate, sulfate and ammonia species covered the active sites and oxygen vacancies, respectively. After the activation treatment, the catalytic activity was partly recovered. The good low-temperature reducibility of 10Co/OMS-2 could also facilitate the redox process accompanied by the consecutive electron transfer between the adsorbed O₂ and the cobalt or manganese ions. In the oxidation process of toluene, the benzoic and aldehydic intermediates were first generated, which were further oxidized to the benzoate intermediate that were eventually converted into H₂O and CO₂.     

Relationships between chemical elements of PM2.5 and O3 in Shanghai atmosphere based on the 1-year monitoring observation

Mass level of fine particles(PM_2.5) in main cities in China has decreased significantly in recent years due to implementation of Chinese Clean Air Action Plan since 2013,however,03 pollution is getting worse than before,especially in megacities such as in Shanghai.In this work,O₃ and PM_2.5 were continuously monitored from May 27,2018 to March 31,2019.Our data showed that the annual average concentration of PM_2.5 and O₃(O₃-8 hr,max...     

Effects of substrate types on the transformation of heavy metal speciation and bioavailability in an anaerobic digestion system

Chemical speciation can fundamentally affect the potential toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals. The transformation of heavy metal speciation and change of bioavailability were investigated in an anaerobic digestion (AD) system using four different substrates (pig manure (PM), cattle manure (CAM), chicken manure (CHM) and rice straw (RS)). The results obtained indicated that the total contents of heavy metals in PM, CHM and CAM were higher than in RS and decreased in the order Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > As > Cd in all substrates. Moreover, the speciation with the largest proportion for each heavy metal was the same both in the different substrates and the biogas residues. Among them, Zn, Ni, Cd and As were mainly in the reducible fraction (F2), while Cu was mainly in the oxidizable fraction (F3) and Pb occurred predominantly in the residual fraction (F4). Our results further indicated that the AD process had a greater effect on the speciation of heavy metals in CHM and PM, but less on CAM and RS. The rates of change in bioavailability followed the order PM > CHM > CAM > RS. Changes in organic matter, humic acid or local metal ion environment as a result of AD were inferred as likely mechanisms leading to the transformation of heavy metal speciation. These results enhanced our understanding of the behavior of heavy metals in AD and provided a new perspective for the treatment and disposal of the substrates.     

Physiological and biochemical responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to phosphine (PH3) under elevated CO2

Phosphine(PH₃) is an important factor driving the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms that produce toxic microcystin threating human health.To clarify the physiological and biochemical responses of cyanobacteria to PH₃ under elevated CO₂ concentration,Microcystis aeruginosa was used in the coupling treatment of 1000 ppmv CO₂ and PH₃ at different concentrations respectively.The chlorophyll a(Chl-a),carotenoid,net photosynthetic rate and total p...     

Effects of phosphate on the transport of graphene oxide nanoparticles in saturated clean and iron oxide-coated sand columns

In this study, transport behaviors of graphene oxide (GO) in saturated uncoated (i.e., clean sand) and goethite-coated sand porous media were examined as a function of the phosphate. We found that phosphate enhanced the transport of GO over a wide range of solution chemistry (i.e., pH 5.0–9.0 and the presence of 10 mmol/L Na⁺ or 0.5 mmol/L Ca²⁺). The results were mainly ascribed to the increase of electrostatic repulsion between nanoparticles and porous media. Meanwhile, deposition site competition induced by the retained phosphate was another important mechanism leading to promote GO transport. Interestingly, when the phosphate concentration increased from 0.1 to 1.0 mmol/L, the transport-enhancement effect of phosphate in goethite-coated sand was to a much larger extent than that in clean sand. The observations were primarily related to the difference in the total mass of retained phosphate between the iron oxide-coated sand and clean sand columns, which resulted in different degrees of the electrostatic repulsion and competitive effect of phosphate. When the background solution contained 0.5 mmol/L Ca²⁺, phosphate could be bind to sand/ goethite-coated sand surface by cation bridging; and consequently, promoted competition between phosphate and nanoparticles for deposition sites, which was an important mechanism for the enhanced effect of phosphate. Moreover, the DLVO theory was applicable to describe GO transport behaviors in porous media in the absence or presence of phosphate. Taken together, these findings highlight the important status and role of phosphate on the transport and fate of colloidal graphene oxide in the subsurface environment.     

Investigation of suitable precursors for manganese oxide catalysts in ethyl acetate oxidation

The control of ethyl acetate emissions from fermentation and extraction processes in the pharmaceutical industry is of great importance to the environment. We have developed three Mn₂O₃ catalysts by using different Mn precursors (MnCl₂, Mn(CH₃COO)₂, MnSO₄), named as Mn₂O₃-Cl, -Ac, -SO₄. The tested catalytic activity results showed a sequence with Mn precursors as: Mn₂O₃-Cl > Mn₂O₃-Ac > Mn₂O₃-SO₄. The Mn₂O₃-Cl catalyst reached a complete ethyl acetate conversion at 212℃ (75℃ lower than that of Mn₂O₃-SO₄), and this high activity 100% could be maintained high at 212℃ for at least 100 hr. The characterization data about the physical properties of catalysts did not show an obvious correlation between the structure and morphology of Mn₂O₃ catalysts and catalytic performance, neither was the surface area the determining factor for catalytic activity in the ethyl acetate oxidation. Here we firstly found there is a close linear relationship between the catalytic activity and the amount of lattice oxygen species in the ethyl acetate oxidation, indicating that lattice oxygen species were essential for excellent catalytic activity. Through H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) results, we found that the lowest initial reduction temperature over the Mn₂O₃-Cl had stronger oxygen mobility, thus more oxygen species participated in the oxidation reaction, resulting in the highest catalytic performance. With convenient preparation, high efficiency, and stability, Mn₂O₃ prepared with MnCl₂ will be a promising catalyst for removing ethyl acetate in practical application.     

Highly inhibited transport of dissolved thallium(I) in manganese oxide-coated sand: Chemical condition effects and retention mechanisms

Thallium contamination in water can cause great danger to the environment. In this study, we synthesized manganese oxide-coated sand (MOCS) and investigated the transport and retention behaviors of Tl(I) in MOCS under different conditions. Characterization methods combined with a two-site nonequilibrium transport model were applied to explore the retention mechanisms. The results showed that Tl(I) mobility was strongly inhibited in MOCS media, and the retention capacity calculated from the fitted model was 510.41 mg/g under neutral conditions. The retention process included adsorption and oxidative precipitation by the manganese oxides coated on the sand surface. Cotransport with the same concentration of Mn(II) led to halving Tl(I) retention due to competition for reactive sites. Enhanced Tl(I) retention was observed under alkaline conditions, as increasing pH promoted electronegativity on the media surface. Moreover, the competitive cation Ca²⁺ significantly weakened Tl(I) retention by occupying adsorption sites. These findings provide new insights into understanding Tl(I) transport behavior in water-saturated porous media and suggest that manganese oxide-coated sand can be a cost-effective filter media for treating Tl-contaminated water.     

Mechanochemical synthesis of MAPbBr3/carbon sphere composites for boosting carrier-involved superoxide species

Lead halide perovskites MAPbX₃ (MA = CH₃NH₃ or Cs; X = I, Br, Cl) are well considered to be potential candidates for photocatalytic reaction due to its excellent photoelectrical properties, but they still suffer from the low charge separation efficiency and slow catalytic reaction dynamics. To tackle the drawbacks, herein, MAPbBr₃/carbon sphere (CS) composite photocatalysts using glucose as the carbon source were elaborately designed and fabricated via a dry mechanochemical grinding process. The interfacial interaction Pb-O-C chemical bonds were constructed between MAPbBr₃ and the carbon sphere surface containing organic functional groups. By optimizing the content of CSs, the enhanced photocatalytic degradation kinetic rate of Malachite Green (MG) pollutants (92% within 20 min) for MAPbBr₃/CS_x (x = 17 wt.%) is about 3.6-fold of that for pristine MAPbBr₃, which is attributed to the corporative adsorption and enhanced carrier transportation and separation of MAPbBr₃/CS_x. Furthermore, the possible degradation mechanism was proposed on basis of the electrochemical, mass spectrometry and optical characterization results. Owing to the robust interfacial interaction, effective electron extraction rate (k_et = 4.6 × 10⁷ sec^?1) from MAPbBr₃ to CS can be established, which driven oxygen activation where superoxide radicals (?O₂^?) played an important role in MG degradation. It is expected that mechanochemistry strategy may provide a new route to design efficient lead halide perovskite-carbon or metal oxide or sulfide composite photocatalysts.     

Interactions of sulfuric acid with common atmospheric bases and organic acids: Thermodynamics and implications to new particle formation

Interactions of the three common atmospheric bases,dimethylamine((CH3)2 NH),methylamine(CH₃ NH₂),ammonia(NH3),all considered to be efficient stabilizers of binary clusters in the Earth’s atmosphere,with H₂ SO₄,the key atmospheric precursor,and 14 common atmospheric organic acids(COAs)(formic,acetic,oxalic,malonic,succinic,glutaric acid,adipic,benzoic,phenylacetic,pyruvic,maleic acid,malic,tartaric and pinonic acids)have been studied using the density f...     

Effects of chemical modification on physicochemical properties and adsorption behavior of sludge-based activated carbon

This study aimed to explore the adsorption performance of sludge-based activated carbon (SBC) towards dissolved organic matters (DOMs) removal from sewage, and investigated the modification effect of different types of chemicals on the structure of synthesized SBC. Waste activated sludge (WAS) was used as a carbon source, and HCl, HNO₃, and NaOH were used as different types of chemicals to modify the SBC. With the aid of chemical activation, the modified SBC showed higher adsorption performances on DOMs removal with maximum adsorption of 29.05 mg/g and second-order constant (k) of 0.1367 (L/mol/sec) due to the surface elution of ash and minerals by chemicals. The surface elemental composition of MSBC suggested that the content of C-C and C-O functional groups on the surface of modified sludge-based activated carbon (MSBC) played an important role on the adsorption capacities of MSBC towards DOMs removal in sewage. Additionally, the residual molecular weight of DOMs in sewage was investigated using a 3-dimension fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC). Results showed that the chemical modification significantly improved the adsorption capacity of MSBC on humic acids (HA) and aromatic proteins (APN), and both of NaOH-MSBC and HCl-MSBC were effective for a wide range of different AMW DOMs removal from sewage, while the HNO₃-MSBC exhibited poorly on AMW organics of 2,617 Da and 409 Da due to the reducing content of macropore. In brief, this study provides reference values for the impact of the chemicals of the activation stage before the SBCs application.     

Studies on relationships between air pollutants and allergenicity of Humulus Scandens pollen collected from different areas of Shanghai

Pollen pollution and allergy are becoming prominent issues in China.However,few studies on pollinosis have been reported.As an allergen in the atmosphere,allergenic Humulus scandens pollen was collected from four districts of Shanghai,including Wusong(WS),Jiading(KD),Xujiahui(XJH) and Songjiang(SJ).The mass concentrations of SO₂,NO₂,O₃,PM₁₀,and PM_2.5(particulate matter with air dynamic diameter less than 10 and 2.5 um,respectively) near the ...     

Effects of fulvic acid and humic acid from different sources on Hg methylation in soil and accumulation in rice

Humus is often used as an organic modifier to reduce the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in plants, but the effects of different humus components from different sources on the fate of mercury (Hg) in paddy fields are still unclear. Here, fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) extracted from composted straw (CS), composted cow dung (CCD), peat soil (PM) and lignite coal (LC) were used to understand their effects on the methylation and bioaccumulation of Hg in paddy soil by pot experiments. Amendments of both FA and HA largely increased the abundance of Hg-methylating microbes and low-molecular-weight organic matters (e.g, cysteine) in paddy soil. They were also found to change the aromaticity, molecular size and Chromophoric DOM concentration of DOM, and resulted in heterogeneous effects on migration and transformation of Hg. All the FA-amended treatments increased the mobility and methylation of Hg in soil and its absorption in roots. Nevertheless, FA from different sources have heterogeneous effects on transport of Hg between rice tissues. FA-CCD and FA-PM promoted the translocation of MeHg from roots to rice grains by 32.95% and 41.12%, while FA-CS and FA-LC significantly inhibited the translocation of inorganic Hg (IHg) by 52.65% and 66.06% and of MeHg by 46.65% and 36.23%, respectively. In contrast, all HA-amended treatments reduced the mobility of soil Hg, but promoted Hg methylation in soil. Among which, HA-CCD and HA-PM promoted the translocation of MeHg in rice tissues by 88.95% and 64.10%, while its accumulation in rice grains by 28.43% and 28.69%, respectively. In general, the application of some FA and HA as organic modifiers to reduce Hg bioaccumulation in rice is not feasible.     

Ce-promoted Mn/ZSM-5 catalysts for highly efficient decomposition of ozone

Manganese oxides supported by ZSM-5 zeolite (Mn/ZSM-5) as well as their further modified by Ce promoter were achieved by simple impregnation method for ozone catalytic decomposition. The yCe20Mn/ZSM-5–81 catalyst with 8% Ce loading showed the highest catalytic activity at relative humidity of 50% and a space velocity of 360 L/(g × hr), giving 93% conversion of 600 ppm O₃ after 5 hr. Moreover, this sample still maintained highly activity and stability in humid air with 50%–70% relative humidity. Series of physicochemical characterization including X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed technology (NH₃-TPD and H₂-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and oxygen isotopic exchange were introduced to disclose the structure-performance relationship. The results indicated that moderate Si/Al ratio (81) of zeolite support was beneficial for ozone decomposition owing to the synergies of acidity and hydrophobicity. Furthermore, compared with 20Mn/ZSM-5-81, Ce doping could enhance the amount of low valance manganese (such as Mn²⁺ and Mn³⁺). Besides, the Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ratio of 8Ce20Mn/ZSM-5-81 sample was higher than that of 4Ce20Mn/ZSM-5-81. Additionally, the synergy between the MnO_x and CeO₂ could easily transfer electron via the redox cycle, thus resulting in an increased reducibility at low temperatures and high concentration of surface oxygen. This study provides important insights to the utilization of porous zeolite with high surface area to disperse active component of manganese for ozone decomposition.     

Preliminary study on the electrocatalytic performance of an iron biochar catalyst prepared from iron-enriched plants

Eichhornia crassipes is a hyperaccumulator of metals and has been widely used to remove metal pollutants from water, but disposal of contaminated plants is problematic.Biochar prepared from plants is commonly used to remediate soils and sequester carbon.Here, the catalytic activity of biochar prepared from plants enriched with iron was investigated as a potentially beneficial use of metal-contaminated plants.In a 30-day hydroponic experiment, E.crassipes was exposed to different concentrations of Fe(Ⅲ)(0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg/L), and Fe-biochar(Fe-BC) was prepared by pyrolysis of the plant roots.The biochar was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS).The original root morphology was visible and iron was present as γ-Fe_2O_3 and Fe_3O_4.The biochar enriched with Fe(Ⅲ) at 8 mg/L(8-Fe-BC) had the smallest specific surface area(SSA, 13.54 m~2/g) and the highest Fe content(27.9 mg/g).Fe-BC catalytic activity was tested in the electrocatalytic reduction of H_2O_2 using cyclic voltammetry(CV).The largest reduction current(1.82 mA/cm~2) was displayed by 8-Fe-BC, indicating the highest potential catalytic activity.We report here, for the first time, on the catalytic activity of biochar made from iron-enriched plants and demonstrate the potential for reusing metalcontaminated plants to produce a biochar catalyst.     

Effects of iodoacetic acid drinking water disinfection byproduct on the gut microbiota and its metabolism in rats

Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated disinfection byproduct in drinking water and has been shown to exert cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, the effects of IAA on gut microbiota and its metabolism are still unknown, especially the association between gut microbiota and the metabolism and toxicity of IAA. In this study, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to IAA at 0 and 16 mg/kg bw/day daily for 8 weeks by oral gavage....