污灌区稻田汞污染特征及健康风险评价

选择天津北排污河灌区作为研究区域,调查了土壤和水稻总汞和甲基汞的含量及分布特征,评估污灌区稻米食用汞暴露风险,并对污灌区土壤-稻米甲基汞的影响因素进行了初步分析.结果表明,1.调查的29个污灌区稻田,土壤总汞含量为(367.04 ± 129.36) μg/kg,显著高于区域土壤Hg背景值73 μg/kg,甲基汞含量为(0.87 ± 0.77) μg/kg;水稻各部位总汞含量依次为稻叶 > 稻根 > 稻茎 > 稻米,稻米总汞含量为(12.80 ± 5.14) μg/kg,甲基汞含量依次为稻米 > 稻根 > 稻茎 > 稻叶,稻米对甲基汞具有很强的富集能力,甲基汞含量为(2.09 ± 1.20) μg/kg,甲基化率均值超过10%.污灌区稻米总汞每周摄入量为0.068~1.25μg/(kg·bw),甲基汞每周摄入量为0.0095~0.49μg/(kg·bw),污灌区稻米总汞及甲基汞暴露对居民健康风险总体仍在安全阈值内,但个别汞污染较严重地块甲基汞暴露风险值得高度关注.土壤甲基汞含量仅与土壤总汞含量及黏粒含量的相关性达到显著性水平,稻米甲基汞含量与土壤总汞含量、土壤甲基汞含量、稻米总汞含量及黏粒含量的相关性达到显著性水平.     

贵州某典型汞矿区流域水稻中总汞和甲基汞含量及暴露风险

鉴于流域尺度内水稻植株不同组织中总汞和甲基汞含量及人群进食稻米的汞暴露风险研究较少,系统采集了贵州省铜仁市受万山废弃汞矿影响的瓦屋河流域内水稻植株及对应根际土壤样品,分析水稻植株不同组织中的w(总汞)、w(甲基汞)及其影响因素,以及流域内人群食用稻米的汞暴露风险.结果表明:瓦屋河流域水稻精米中w(总汞)平均值为(14.2±7.0)μg/kg(范围为4.1～34.0 μg/kg,n=24),精米中w(甲基汞)平均值为(7.229±3.957)μg/kg(范围为1.974～17.364 μg/kg,n=24).精米中w(总汞)与水稻茎、叶中w(总汞)均呈较显著正相关(R=0.531,P＜0.01;R=0.499,P＜0.05),精米中w(甲基汞)与水稻根、茎中w(甲基汞)也均呈显著正相关(R=0.525,P＜0.01;R=0.612,P＜0.01);w(总汞)、w(甲基汞)均与土壤理化参数存在一定正相关关系,并均与距污染源距离呈负相关.根据精米中w(甲基汞)平均值,并按照US EPA(美国国家环境保护局)推荐的甲基汞日暴露量(ID)和危害指数(HI)的评估方法计算的瓦屋河流域居民甲基汞日暴露量为(0.075±0.041)μg/(kg·d),低于较为严厉的US EPA推荐的甲基汞日安全摄入量(RfD),危害指数为0.75.从平均状况来看,人体摄入该地区生产的精米相对较为安全.      

Distribution characteristics of total mercury and methylmercury in the topsoil and dust of Xiamen, China

The levels and distribution of mercury (Hg) species, including total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the topsoil and dust collected from twenty sampling stations located in di erent land function areas of Xiamen, China, were investigated. The THg concentrations in topsoil ranged from 0.071 to 1.2 mg/kg, and in dust ranged from of 0.034 to 1.4 mg/kg. For stations where the THg of dust was less than 0.31 mg/kg, THg concentrations in the topsoil were significantly correlated to those in the corresponding dust (r = 0.597, n = 16, P = 0.014). The MeHg concentrations in topsoil were varied between 0.14 and 5.7 g/kg. The ratios of MeHg/THg in the topsoil ranged from 0.069% to 0.74%. The range of MeHg concentration in the dust were 0.092–2.3 g/kg. The ratios of MeHg/THg in the dust were at the same level as those in the topsoil. The MeHg concentrations in both topsoil and dust were linked to corresponding THg concentrations and soil organic matter. Neither THg nor MeHg concentration in the topsoil and dust was obviously linked to the land function.     

唐山陡河水库沉积物汞的分布、来源及污染评价

为弄清陡河燃煤电厂大气汞沉降对毗邻的陡河水库沉积物中总汞、甲基汞的贡献及其污染程度,于2013年8月对陡河水库沉积物进行了采样,测定了沉积物中总汞、甲基汞、有机质以及孔隙水中溶解态汞含量等参数,运用地累积指数法评价了陡河水库沉积物的汞污染现状和污染程度.结果表明,陡河水库沉积物中总汞含量(dw)范围为19~97 ng·g~(-1),甲基汞含量(dw)范围为0.02~1.27 ng·g~(-1),均表现为表层高于底层,说明陡河水库沉积物的汞含量正逐年升高,外源汞输入对陡河沉积物负荷产生了一定的影响.受电厂大气汞干湿沉降影响,陡河水库周边土壤汞含量(dw)平均值为22 ng·g~(-1),而陡河水库3个沉积物柱库心总汞含量最高,其次为西支,东支最低.结合上游大黑汀水库较高的沉积物汞含量(总汞平均值为176 ng·g~(-1)),以及陡河水库附近较低的土壤汞含量,初步判断陡河水库沉积物中汞的主要来源为大黑汀水库的高汞水源输入,电厂汞沉积输入贡献相对较小.陡河沉积物总汞、甲基汞与有机质之间均呈显著的正相关关系,表明沉积物中有机质具有较好的吸附总汞和甲基汞的能力,并对甲基汞产生具有重要作用.地累积指数Igeo的评价结果表明,陡河水库各点位沉积物的汞污染程度依次为库心西支东支,库心和西支属于中度污染,东支属于轻微污染.大黑汀水库受周边采矿企业影响,两个采样点沉积物的地累积指数污染评价属于中强污染和强污染.     

Biochar affects methylmercury production and bioaccumulation in paddy soils: Insights from soil-derived dissolved organic matter

Biochar has been used increasingly as a soil additive to control mercury (Hg) pollution in paddy rice fields. As the most active component of soil organic matter, soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in the environmental fate of contaminants. However, there are very few studies to determine the impact of biochar on the Hg cycle in rice paddies using insights from DOM. This study used original and modified biochar to investigate their effect on DOM dynamics and their potential impact on methylmercury (MeHg) production and bioaccumulation in rice plants. Porewater DOM was collected to analyze the variations in soil-derived DOM in paddy soils. The results showed that the addition of biochar, whether in original or modified form, significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice plants, especially in hulls and grains (p<0.05). However, MeHg production in soils was only inhibited by the modified biochar. Biochar addition induced a significant increase in DOM's aromaticity and molecular weight (p<0.05), which decreased Hg bioavailability. Furthermore, enhanced microbial activity was also observed in DOM (p<0.05), further increasing MeHg production in the soil. Thus, the effect of biochar on the fate of Hg cycle involves competition between the two different roles of DOM. This study identified a specific mechanism by which biochar affects Hg behavior in rice paddy soil and contributes to understanding the more general influence of biochar in agriculture and contaminant remediation.     

Assessing the factors impacting the bioaccessibility of mercury (Hg) in rice consumption by an in-vitro method

Mercury (Hg) in rice is drawing mounting concern since methylmercury (MeHg) was found capable of accumulating in rice. In-vitro bioaccessibility is a feasible and reliable method to assess the health effects of Hg in rice and has been utilized in a number of studies. This study was done to investigate the impact of cultivar, planting location, and cooking on the total mercury (THg) and MeHg bioaccessibility of rice, for which multiple statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the significance of their effects. The THg concentrations of rice samples taken from non-Hg contaminated areas of China were all below 15 ng/g and their MeHg concentrations were below 2 ng/g. Cooking could significantly reduce the MeHg bioaccessibility of rice because the MeHg was mainly combined with protein and the protein will be denatured during the cooking process, and then the denatured MeHg is difficult to be dissolved into the liquid phase. Indica- and japonica-type rice cultivars did not show significant differentiation in either the concentration of Hg or its bioaccessibility. However, the glutinous rice type differed significantly from the above rice types, and it showed greater bioaccessibility of THg and MeHg due to its distinct protein contents and starch properties. Planting location can affect the Hg concentration in rice and THg bioaccessibility but has a limited impact on MeHg bioaccessibility. Based on these results, two macro factors (rice cultivar, planting location) are presumed to impact Hg bioaccessibility by how they affect micro factors (i.e., Hg forms).     

汞在酸性紫色水稻土的转化与水稻汞富集特征

采用盆栽模拟试验,对汞(Hg)及甲基汞(MeHg)在酸性紫色水稻土中不同水稻生长期的动态变化进行了研究,并分析对比了总汞(THg)和MeHg在水稻体中的富集特征.结果表明:在水稻生长期间,土壤总汞含量变化较小,MeHg含量随时间增加而增加,土壤MeHg/THg值的变化趋势和土壤中MeHg含量变化一致.完熟期THg在水稻中植株的分布状况为:根籽粒茎叶穗壳,MeHg的分布为:籽粒根茎叶穗壳.水稻植株中MeHg/THg均值为24.03%,大于土壤均值3.05%,说明水稻植株中具有较强的MeHg累积能力.在水稻生长周期内,水稻体内MeHg富集系数均值为8.16,远大于THg富集系数的均值2.31,且籽粒中的MeHg富集系数大于根、茎、叶,说明水稻对MeHg的富集能力强于THg,且籽粒更易于富集MeHg.水稻体内的MeHg的转移系数大于THg,且籽粒中MeHg的转移系数大于1,进一步说明MeHg比THg更易在水稻体内转移.     

三峡库区消落带农业活动对土壤汞变化的影响

针对三峡库区消落带退水期农业生产是否会对库区环境带来不利影响的问题,以分布面积较大、农业活动较为频繁的重庆市开州区渠口镇消落带为研究区域,选择种植水稻、玉米、蔬菜和未农用的草地4类消落带地块为研究对象,调查了不同利用地块表层土壤汞(Hg)的变化特征.结果表明,研究区域内土壤THg、有效态Hg(Hg-wh)和甲基汞(MeHg)平均含量分别为25.80~68.74、0.44~0.88和0.08~0.85 ng·g-1.未耕作土地表层土壤THg、Hg-wh和MeHg含量均高于耕作土地表层土壤,说明耕作扰动能够加速土壤Hg的流失.未耕作土壤与耕作土地表层土壤MeHg含量随着落干时长的增加均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,峰值大约出现在落干后1~2个月内,约为淹水末期的4倍,之后逐渐降低至相对稳定的水平.MeHg占THg比例(%MeHg)也呈现类似规律,峰值出现在落干后1个月左右,降到稳定水平时与淹水末期含量无显著性差异(P0.05).土壤%MeHg与Hg-wh含量呈显著性正相关关系(r=0.642,P0.01),而与THg含量没有显著相关性(P0.05),说明消落带土壤Hg甲基化主要受生物可利用性Hg形态的影响.     

互花米草入侵对滨海盐沼土壤甲基汞的影响

本研究跨越11个纬度选取了4个典型滨海盐沼湿地,通过对比分析互花米草湿地和其他盐沼湿地（没有互花米草的本地种单优或者共优群落湿地）的汞（THg）和甲基汞（MeHg）含量特征及环境因子,探究互花米草入侵对我国滨海盐沼湿地土壤甲基汞的影响.结果表明：（1）4个研究区THg含量高低顺序为闽江口（（115.327±18.220）μg/kg） > 杭州湾（（37.792±3.761）μg/kg） > 黄河三角洲（（27.690±4.359）μg/kg） > 盐城（（8.843±1.688）μg/kg）;MeHg含量为杭州湾（（0.589±0.134）μg/kg） > 黄河三角洲（（0.511±0.059）μg/kg） > 闽江口（（0.361±0.065）μg/kg） > 盐城（（0.191±0.027）μg/kg）.（2）综合4个研究区进行分析发现,互花米草入侵对盐沼湿地土壤MeHg和% MeHg的均没有显著影响,但是互花米草入侵著增加了黄河三角洲的MeHg含量（95.0%）.（3）在两种湿地类型中,% MeHg（甲基化率）和THg均呈现极显著的负相关关系,且二者之间的关系存在一个临界值（20~30μg/kg之间）,当THg小于临界值时,% MeHg与环境因子相关性较弱;当THg大于临界值时,% MeHg与环境因子显著相关.本研究从较大的空间尺度回答了互花米草入侵对滨海盐沼湿地甲基汞特征的影响,为全面评价互花米草入侵对我国滨海地区的影响提供了数据支持,为研究滨海滩涂地区汞的迁移转化提供了依据.     

Methylmercury and sulfate-reducing bacteria in mangrove sediments from Jiulong River Estuary, China

Estuaries are important sites for mercury (Hg) methylation, with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) thought to be the main Hg methylators. Distributions of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mangrove sediment and sediment core from Jiulong River Estuary Provincial Mangrove Reserve, China were determined and the possible mechanisms of Hg methylation and their controlling factors in mangrove sediments were investigated. Microbiological and geochemical parameters were also determined. Results showed that SRB constitute a small fraction of total bacteria (TB) in both surface sediments and the profile of sediments. The content of THg, MeHg, TB, and SRB were (350 150) ng/g, (0.47 0.11) ng/g, (1.4 1011 4.1 109) cfu/g dry weight (dw), and (5.0 106 2.7 106) cfu/g dw in surficial sediments, respectively, and (240 24) ng/g, (0.30 0.15) ng/g, (1.9 1011 4.2 1010) cfu/g dw, and (1.3 106 2.0 106) cfu/g dw in sediment core, respectively. Results showed that THg, MeHg, TB, MeHg/THg, salinity and total sulfur (TS) increased with depth, but total organic matter (TOM), SRB, and pH decreased with depth. Concentrations of MeHg in sediments showed significant positive correlation with THg, salinity, TS, and MeHg/THg, and significant negative correlation with SRB, TOM, and pH. It was concluded that other microbes, rather than SRB, may also act as main Hg methylators in mangrove sediments.     

贵州省典型铅锌矿区居民血液总汞和甲基汞暴露及健康风险模型预测评估

汞是铅锌矿石的常见伴生元素,铅锌冶炼活动会给当地居民带来潜在汞暴露风险.为了解铅锌矿区居民血液汞暴露及健康风险,选择贵州省赫章县为研究区域,以贵阳市为对照区,分别采集居民血液样品418和118份,利用冷原子荧光法测定其总汞和甲基汞含量,结合年龄和性别分析血液总汞与甲基汞含量特征,估算育龄期妇女头发甲基汞含量并进行甲基汞暴露致新生儿IQ（智商）损失评估,利用单区室PBPK（生理药代动力学）模型预测居民甲基汞ADI（日均摄入量）.结果表明:①铅锌矿区（赫章县）和对照区居民血液总汞含量几何均值分别为（3.11±5.05）和（1.83±1.19）μg/L,范围分别为0.63~54.26和0.46~11.88 μg/L,分别有21.5%和0.85%的血液样本总汞含量超过人体血液总汞安全限值（5.8 μg/L）.②铅锌矿区成年居民和0~6岁儿童血液总汞含量分别为（2.80±3.85）和（2.49±2.08）μg/L,分别有77和7人血液总汞含量超过5.8 μg/L,超标率分别为24.37%和10.61%,存在潜在总汞暴露风险.③斯皮尔曼相关性分析显示,铅锌矿区居民血液总汞和甲基汞含量分别与年龄（R=0.108,P < 0.05）和性别（R=-0.185,P < 0.05）相关,老年人较其他年龄段人群总汞暴露的风险更高,其血液总汞含量达（5.29±5.03）μg/L;男性血液甲基汞含量〔（0.24±0.32）μg/L〕高于女性〔（0.18±0.22）μg/L〕.④蒙特卡洛模型模拟结果显示,铅锌矿区和对照区育龄妇女头发甲基汞平均含量分别为（0.07±0.11）和（0.11±0.13）mg/kg,范围分别为0~11.81和0~5.74 mg/kg,其中铅锌矿区2.27%的育龄期妇女头发甲基汞含量超过发汞临界值（0.58 mg/kg）,导致IQ评分为70~70.18分范围内的约0.05%的婴儿从IQ正常转变为MMR（轻度智力低下）.⑤单区室PBPK模型预测表明,铅锌矿区和对照区居民甲基汞日均摄入量分别为（0.005±0.006）和（0.007±0.008）μg/kg,分别有0.082%和0.013%的居民甲基汞日均摄入量超过RfD（参考剂量值,0.1 μg/kg）.研究显示:铅锌矿区成年居民和0~6岁儿童血液总汞含量高于国内其他地区,男性血液甲基汞含量明显高于女性;铅锌矿区约2.27%的育龄期妇女头发甲基汞含量超过发汞临界值,可致IQ评分在70~70.18分范围内的约0.05%的婴儿从智力正常转变为MMR;铅锌矿区居民甲基汞非致癌风险高于对照区.      

武汉城市湖泊表层底泥汞分布、风险评价及影响因素

底泥作为汞重要的"汇"及二次"源"，在湖泊系统汞生物地球化学循环中起到了重要作用。本文以武汉主要城市湖泊为研究对象，探究了表层底泥中总汞（THg）和甲基汞（MeHg）的分布特征、潜在生态风险及主要影响因素。结果表明，武汉15个城市湖泊表层底泥THg平均浓度为152±170 ng/g （24~611 ng/g），与国内其它湖泊系统相比处于较高水平；MeHg浓度为52.0±46.8 pg/g （ND~161.0 pg/g），低于其它湖泊系统。空间分布上，底泥THg浓度呈现由武汉市中心向外逐渐递减的趋势，MeHg含量并未呈现类似THg的分布趋势。潜在生态风险评价（PERI）结果显示，所有采样点位中汞潜在生态风险极高和高风险等级占比均为5.7%，且主要分布在市中心附近，说明武汉市中心附近湖泊底泥汞污染程度较重，而市中心外围湖泊底泥汞生态风险较低。相关性分析结果显示，有机质可能是影响武汉城市湖泊底泥THg分布的重要因素之一，而MeHg主要受控于无机汞的原位甲基化过程。底泥THg浓度-湖泊距市中心距离间显著的负相关关系、THg浓度-湖泊所在区GDP/人均GDP间的显著正相关关系均表明人为活动对武汉城市湖泊汞分布影响明显。     

施用污泥堆肥品对土壤和植物总汞及甲基汞的影响

采用田间试验,分别施加两种不同的污泥堆肥品(含生物质炭和不含生物质炭),研究污泥堆肥土地利用过程土壤及植物总汞和甲基汞变化情况、迁移转化特征和植物富集能力.结果表明,施加污泥堆肥品会引起土壤总汞和甲基汞含量升高,但总汞含量低于国家土壤环境质量二级标准.生物质炭堆肥品可能促进土壤汞的甲基化,但不同处理土壤甲基汞/总汞(Me Hg/THg)比值较低.植物成熟后不同处理植物总汞含量明显低于幼苗期,而甲基汞含量均高于幼苗期.施加两种堆肥品对植物富集总汞没有明显差异,但对甲基汞富集影响显著.施加生物质炭堆肥品的土壤甲基汞含量明显高于施加无生物质炭堆肥品的土壤,而植物甲基汞含量则相反.生物质炭的加入可能有利于土壤甲基汞形成,但不利于甲基汞的迁移,抑制植物对土壤甲基汞的富集.植物对甲基汞的富集能力较强(富集系数为1.24~14.63),需关注长期施肥带来的土壤环境汞生态风险.     

太湖营养状态对沉积物中总汞和甲基汞分布特征的影响

为探讨营养状态对太湖沉积物汞的分布及其甲基化的影响,以太湖不同营养水平的湖区为研究对象,采用PSA和GC-CVAFS方法,分别测定了沉积物总汞(THg)、甲基汞(MeHg)含量;另测定了沉积物有机质含量和水体总氮、总磷浓度.结果显示,太湖表层沉积物THg含量为32.30~150.28ng/g,均值为62.94ng/g,含量高低与营养化程度一致,其垂向分布主要受到人为活动和有机质的影响;MeHg含量为0.32~1.01ng/g,均值为0.51ng/g,不同营养水平的湖湾区MeHg含量差别不大,其分布受有机质的影响,高含量富集在表层,随深度的增加逐渐降低并趋于稳定;甲基化比率比较低主要是太湖水体溶解氧含量高抑制了甲基化过程.     

小兴安岭泥炭藓沼泽生态系统中的汞

研究了小兴安岭汤旺河流域中的泥炭、土壤和植物样品的汞,泥炭地总汞的平均含量为65.8～186.6ng/g;高于黑龙江土壤A层汞平均含量,也高于美国佛罗里达大沼泽国家公园和瑞典Birkeness湿地的含量.甲基汞平均含量为0.16～1.86ng/g;约占总汞的0.2%～1.4%,泥炭地总汞最高浓度出现在5～10cm深处,为186.6ng/g,甲基汞最高浓度出现在10～15cm处,为1.86ng/g,均随深度增加而减少.甲基汞含量与总汞没有很强的相关性(P=0.05,r=0.28)     

Total mercury in wild fish in Guizhou reservoirs, China

The health hazard of mercury (Hg) compounds is internationally recognized, and the main pathways for methylmercury (MeHg) intake in humans are through consumption of food, especially fish. Given the large releases of Hg to the environment in China, combined with the fast development of hydropower, this issue deserves attention. Provided similar mobilization pathways of Hg in China as seen in reservoirs in North America and Europe one should expect increased Hg contamination in relation to future hydropower reservoir construction in this country. This study presents total Hg (THg) concentrations in wild fish from six Guizhou reservoirs, China. The THg concentrations in fish were generally low despite high background levels in the bedrock and depositions from local point sources. The over all mean ± SD concentration of THg was (0.066 ± 0.078) μg/g (n = 235). After adjusting for among-reservoir variation in THg, there were significant differences in THg among functional groups of the fish, assumed to re?ect trophic levels. Predicted THg- concentration ratios, retrieved from a mixed linear model, between the functional groups were 9:4:4:1 for carnivorous, omnivorous, planktivorous and herbivorous fish. This result indicated that MeHg accumulation may prevail even under circumstances with short food chains as in this Chinese water system. No fish exceeded recommended maximum THg limit for human consumption set by World Health Organization and the Standardization Administration of China (0.5 μg/g fish wet weight (ww)). Only six fish (2.5%) exceeded the maximum THg limit set by US Environmental Protection Agency (0.3 μg/g fish ww).     

Distribution of mercury and methylmercury in river water and sediment of typical manganese mining area

Manganese (Mn) ores contain substantial concentrations of mercury (Hg), and mining and smelting of Mn ores can bring Hg into the surrounding aquatic environment through atmospheric deposition, leaching of electrolytic Mn residue and Mn gangue dump. However, limited is known that how these processes influence the environmental behaviors of Hg in waterbody. Therefore, the seasonal distribution and existing form of Hg in water and sediment in one Mn ore area in Xiushan County, Chongqing were investigated. Our results showed that the mean Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in water (n=35) were 5.8 ± 4.6 ng/L and 0.22 ± 0.14 ng/L, respectively. The mean Hg concentrations in retained riverbed and fluvial bank sediment (n=35) were 0.74 ± 0.26 mg/kg and 0.63 ± 0.27 mg/kg, respectively (the mean MeHg concentrations were 0.64 ± 0.40 µg/kg and 0.51 ± 0.30 µg/kg, respectively). It indicated that the mining and smelting of Mn ores were the main sources of anthropogenic Hg, and Mn may inhibit Hg methylation in rivers in Mn ore areas. Mercury in the bound to iron/ Mn (Fe/Mn) oxides of low crystallinity fraction (Hg-OX) accounted for 4.01% and 5.25% of the total Hg concentrations in the retained riverbed and fluvial bank sediment, respectively. The amount of Hg bound to Fe/Mn oxides in sediment increased significantly due to the manganese mining activities in the investigated area. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that high Hg concentrations in river sediment in Mn mining areas are closely related to high Mn concentration in sediment.     

大连湾表层沉积物中总汞和甲基汞的分布及影响因素

为研究大连湾表层沉积物中THg（总汞）和MeHg（甲基汞）的分布及影响因素,于2016年7月对大连湾12个采样点表层沉积物进行了调查,分析了沉积物中w（THg）和w（MeHg）及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:①大连湾表层沉积物中w（THg）和w（MeHg）的平均值分别为（79.5±47.1）和（0.53±0.26）ng/g,MeHg%（甲基化比率）范围为0.39%~1.46%,平均值为0.74%.②沉积物中w（THg）和w（MeHg）均表现出由湾内向湾外降低的趋势,而MeHg%的空间分布特征与w（THg）和w（MeHg）相反,并且水产养殖活动的外源输入也可对MeHg%产生影响.③w（MeHg）与各环境因子均呈显著相关关系,表明沉积物中w（MeHg）主要受w（THg）和氧化还原条件的影响;MeHg%与Hg/C（THg与TOC摩尔比,下同）呈显著负相关,可能主要与沉积物中生物可利用Hg的比例影响有关,而MeHg%虽然与w（TOC）、w（TS）的相关性均不显著,但也体现出有机质和硫对Hg的生物可利用性的影响.研究显示,沉积物中生物可利用Hg在MeHg的产生过程中具有重要作用,而减少大连湾内汞和有机质的输入将有助于降低沉积物中w（MeHg）.      

Effect of dissolved organic matter on adsorption and desorption of mercury by soils

Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on adsorption and desorption of Hg were investigated in two kinds of soils, Xanthi-Udic Ferralosols (XUF) and Typic Purpli-Udic Cambosols (TPUC). The DOM was obtained from humus soil (DOMH), rice straw (DOMR), and pig manure (DOMP). The presence of DOM obviously reduced Hg maximum adsorption capacity with up to 40% decreases over the control, being an order of DOMH (250.00 mg/kg)< DOMR (303.03 mg/kg) < DOMP (322.58 mg/kg) < CK (control 416.67 mg/kg) for the XUF and ...     

海拔梯度上川西高山土壤溶解性有机质(DOM)光谱特征

采用三维激发发射矩阵荧光光谱、平行因子分析（EEM-PARAFAC）和荧光区域积分方法（FRI）,研究川西高原3200~4000m高寒土壤DOM特征及其在海拔梯度上变化规律.结果表明,高寒土壤DOC含量为0.47~0.81g/kg,随着海拔梯度的升高而呈增加趋势,表层土中含量多高于亚表层土;土壤中DOM组分均呈5个组分,即芳香蛋白类物质I（酪氨酸类,Peak I）、芳香蛋白类物质II（BOD₅,Peak II）、富里酸类（Peak III）、微生物代谢产物（色氨酸类,Peak IV）和腐殖酸类（大分子腐殖酸,Peak V）;高山土壤DOM中以富里酸类有机质和腐殖酸类有机质组分为主,FRI值均随着海拔的升高而降低..川西高山土壤DOM荧光特征参数（荧光指数FI、自生源指数BIX、腐殖化指数HIX、新鲜度指数β：α）表明,土壤DOM的稳定性随着海拔升高而降低,生物有效性随着海拔升高而升高.因此,气候变暖可能将导致高海拔土壤DOM分解加剧而含量降低,但稳定性升高.