新疆沙湾县城镇人居环境与经济协调发展评价

城市人居环境的改善是经济持续发展的动力和保障,经济发展是人居环境改善的物质基础和载体.城市人居环境与经济协调发展是实现可持续发展的重要途径.以新疆沙湾县为研究对象,通过构建城镇人居环境与经济发展协调度指标评价体系,并运用主成分分析方法和协调度模型,对1999-2008年沙湾县城镇人居环境与经济协调发展水平进行了综合评价.结果表明:10年来城镇人居环境与经济发展协调程度逐渐上升,可以划分1999-2004年缓步上升和2005-2008年波动上升2个发展阶段.目前,沙湾县城镇人居环境与经济发展已到达高度协调状态,处理好两者的关系,使之更近一步达到优质协调,从而实现沙湾县经济、社会和生态环境的协调可持续发展.     

城市可持续发展的定量评价

以经济、社会和环境为基础,运用层次分析法构建城市可持续发展指标体系,并采用主成分分析法提取主因子,对指标体系进行重新构建,最后计算城市可持续发展综合指数,用于分析和阐述城市可持续发展现状,为决策部门制定可持续发展方案提供依据.     

可持续发展指标:发展中国家的决策过程和适用性整合

实现可持续发展已经成为了重要的全球性目标,这反映了公众以及决策者对环境问题日益增长的关注。虽然可持续发展指标为决策提供了坚实的基础,但许多国家特别是发展中国家并没有向可持续发展迈进。本文考查了在发展中国家测量可持续发展指标面临的挑战,这些指标在决策中的有效性和指标对决策过程的影响。特别地,本文将评估这些指标是否被整合到了决策进程中而且是否促进了可持续发展。环境数据的约束,缺乏相关机构的协调,发展中国家资源的缺乏都阻碍了可持续发展指标的测量。水、卫生条件的案例表明在政策和决策过程中整合可持续发展指标的无效性。既要有可持续发展的核心指标集以整合决策者关注环境问题,也要辅助以反映地方关注和文化多样性的地方性指标,这是至关重要的。报告应该包括对环境因素和健康产出相关的分析,也应该相应地转化为对经济的影响。     

城市人居环境品质评定方法研究

为了综合客观地评定我国城市人居环境的品质,提供城市建设与管理的决策依据,促进城市的健康与可持续发展,基于我国城市现状和可持续发展的理念,依据以人为本、系统完备、定量测度与便于操作、体现可持续发展潜能等4项城市人居环境品质评定指标体系原则,从经济水平、生活居住条件、市政和社会服务设施、生态环境质量、可持续发展潜能等方面,建立了涵盖5个一级指标、14个二级指标、48个三级指标的城市人居环境品质评定指标体系,构建了较实用的评定模型,提出了评判的分类标准,给出了我国城市人居环境品质评定示例。     

试谈环境统计工作的改革

现行的环境统计由于指标不完善和实行一年一报的年报制,难以及时、全面、准确地反映环境保护的基本情况,迫切需要改革。改革的内容如下: 1.要完善环境统计指标体系。为准确地反映环境质量、污染程度以及不同企业环境经济效益的实际情况,并便于分析、比较,建议完善有关这方面的指标; 2.实行环境统计“月报制”。月报可以及时反映日益变化的环境状况和动态,为控制污染迅速提供信息,检查环境     

基于BP神经网络的城市旅游环境质量评价

城市旅游环境质量与城市旅游可持续发展之间存在着极为密切的关系,实现可持续发展的关键就是要解决好城市旅游环境质量问题。而旅游资源环境、旅游自然生态环境、旅游社会服务环境、旅游信息环境是城市旅游环境质量评价的主要因素,利用BP神经网络的方法对城市旅游环境质量进行评价是十分科学有效的。     

城市发展可持续性评价的理论探索与实践

近年来,国内已开展对可持续发展指标体系的研究工作,但大多限于指标体系的框架和理论探讨,我们通过对国内外几十个城市社会、经济和环境的指标进行分析研究,建立了一套城市可持续发展指标体系、研究评价标准,并用以评价分析石家庄市的现状,预测2000年和2010年规划的可持续发展程度,进而提出问题和建议。一、城市可持续发展指标体系的制定原则1、针对性原则。城市可持续发展指标体系必须针对城市的性质以及环境、经济和社会的特点,兼顾城市的现状和未来功能的规划,确保所选出的指标体系的可行性和代表性。2相关性原则。从可持续发展…     

企业环境信息披露的决定因素

从法律制度、利益相关者压力、竞争压力、公司声誉、环境问题对企业发展的威胁以及公司管理层的视角,对企业环境信息披露的决定因素进行规范性研究。企业必须遵守相关法律制度才能生存下来;利益相关者决策时越来越关注公司的社会环境责任及其信息披露;环境和可持续发展问题也将为企业创新提供许多机会,更新公司创造竞争优势的能力;公司社会与环境信息披露更多的是作为企业形象管理的工具来减少公司由于社会和政治压力面临的曝光;环境问题对公司的发展产生影响;管理层如果也有社会责任的认识和了解,将促进更多的社会环境信息披露。     

重庆市可持续发展状况分析

构建重庆市可持续发展指标体系,运用层次分析法对重庆市的可持续发展状况进行了评价.通过评价结果分析发现,重庆市在2001年前可持续发展保持较好,而2001年以后经济虽然发展较快,但环境和资源的承载能力下降,可持续发展表现出不和谐.最后就重庆市的可持续发展提出了建议和措施.     

城市旅游环境竞争力评价研究——以河南四大古都为例

以河南省四大古都为研究对象,选取4个一级指标,20个二级指标,采用2010年截面数据,运用层次分析法对城市旅游环境竞争力进行了定量研究.结果表明:①省会郑州旅游环境竞争力最强,洛阳、开封、安阳依次位列其后;②郑州市作为中原经济区中心城市和国家重要交通枢纽,积聚各种优势,但城市环境保护有待继续加强;③洛阳市各方面与郑州市不差上下,竞争力不可小觑;④开封市各子环境得分都较低,发展潜力未全部挖掘;⑤安阳市自然绿化环境相对较好,其他方面严重制约旅游环境竞争力.根据结果评价分析,提出相应提升对策,以期为河南省乃至中原经济区城市旅游环境的优化建设提供参考借鉴.     

Issues in the Management of the Environment and Natural Resources in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world with a very low per capita income. The increasing poverty and instability in the political front led to degradation of the environment and natural resources in the country. The present article reviews the current use of natural resources in Bangladesh and the emerging issues in sustainable management of those scarce resources. The paper shows that developments in one sector have adversely affected resources in related sectors and calls for an integrated approach to management of the environment and natural resources in a sustainable manner. The development of strong institutional mechanisms is necessary to facilitate the sustainable management of resources and to prevent further deterioration of the environment.     

Some considerations in the aftermath of the WWFs anniversary celebrations in Assisi

Summary The author considers various moral, social and political issues that have become apparent from the aftermath of the WWF's twenty-fifth Anniversary Celebrations in Assisi, Italy. In particular, the difficulty of making people understand the very ethics of conservation, when their cultural history has shaped their minds quite differently, is highlighted, and this is reflected in the author's suggested subtitle for the paper, How to Love Nature Without Getting your Shoes Wet.But don't ever leave me alone with Nature, For I know too much about her not to be afraid (Alfred de Vigny)Maria Luisa Cohen is President of the Assisi Nature Council (See also,The Environmentalist, 5 (3) 227–229).     

在自然中生活

当我躺在乡村的草丛中,长久地凝视一滴露珠的时候,我会在一瞬间变成一株植物,失去了对人类生活的记忆。在风中,我听见我的骨节都在响了,那应该是植物拔节生长的声音。而我真的对现实生活有过温存的记忆吗？我走在回家的路上,远望这一节一节像火车上车厢组成的楼房,我就感觉到自己的滑稽可怜。     

Planning in the countryside

The author considers the present greater awareness of the needs of the countryside brought about through public debate of the issues involved. The nature of countryside policies is considered and recent developments described. The paper concludes that much more positive planning is being undertaken to conserve the countryside, whilst allowing rural development to take place.     

心中的绿洲

早晨,随着一声关门的响声,我纳闷开了,妻子刚退休,不在家好好歇着,哪来那么多事？尤其是早晚那段时间,跑的不见人影。怀着探个究竟的好奇心,我马上奔到阳台观察。循着妻子的身影,我终于发现了秘密：树影婆娑的阳光里,妻子时而弯下腰,时而挺立身体,正在把丢弃在草坪上的几袋垃圾,捡起来放回一旁的垃圾桶内……我看呆了,这样的场景似乎在电视里才出现过,     

Sub-professional training in the field of the environment

Summary The need for trained technical personnel to monitor environmental systems is emphasised and detailed. Coincident with this need is a virtual absence of appropriate training schemes. The philosophy behind and development of such a course in Farnborough College of Technology is described. This course is a multidisciplinary Higher Diploma in Environmental Analysis and Monitoring aimed specifically at training technicians to deal with pollution and its effects. The paper details course aims and objectives and outlines the programme structure. As the staff at Farnborough have initiated such a training programme, we propose to act as a resource exchange centre in this sphere. Thus our experience could aid in the curriculum development of other schemes. Gareth Rees is Lecturer in Microbiology at Farnborough College of Technology. He has a first degree in Marine Zoology and an M.Sc. in Biodeterioration of Materials. He has recently completed Ph.D. studies into ecological aspects of marine fungi. At Farnborough he is leader of the Environmental Research Group, involved in several applied environmental microbiological projects.     

Diversity in sub-national EU implementation: the application of the EU Ambient Air Quality directive in 13 municipalities in the Netherlands

This paper offers an analysis of the implementation performance of the EU Ambient Air Quality directive in the Netherlands. It provides a systematic evaluation of the implementation of a procedural provision – the obligation to design air quality policy. It draws on original data on air quality policy measures that have been collected in 13 medium-sized Dutch municipalities. The analysis of differences in the implementation performance was performed using a novel three-dimensional conceptual framework. The findings illustrate great differences in the implementation performance between the municipalities. The focused comparison allowed establishing very precisely where the implementation performance is poor or even lacking, and which municipalities take their EU implementation task more seriously than others. Most puzzling, environmental problem pressure turned out not to act as a sufficient trigger for municipalities to take far-reaching air quality measures. In contrast to previous research, a more nuanced picture is painted when it comes to the concepts of ‘compliance’, ‘non-compliance’ and ‘over-compliance’. A careful dissection of the implementation performance based on the aspects of the conceptual framework produces hands-on recommendations to municipalities seeking to improve their air quality policy.     

Mineral exploration in the USSR and the USA

This article compares non-fuel mineral exploration in the USSR and the USA. It examines the organization of exploration; recent trends in the level and distribution of expenditures; exploration productivity; and planning and decision making. It shows that although the sequence of exploration stages and activities is very similar in both countries, substantial differences overshadow these similarities, largely because of different economic and political systems and mineral endowments. However, the article concludes that we still have much to learn before making a full comparison of Soviet and US exploration.