乐山大佛-峨眉山景区的规划与管理

阐述了乐山大佛景区和峨眉山景区的历史概况和管理现状，从乐山市旅游发展总体趋势、国际旅游城市发展趋势、世界遗产保护三个方面分析了乐山大佛、峨眉山景区分开管理的弊端，提出乐山大佛-峨眉山这一世界遗产要成立统一的管委会的观点及依据，最后对乐山旅游景区管理提出了几点建议。     

"九寨天堂"与九寨沟景区的互动关系

九寨天堂国际会议度假旅游中心与九寨沟景区之间存在着良性的互动关系。“九寨天堂”的开发对九寨沟景区起着积极的推动作用，九寨沟景区的发展对“九寨天堂”也有着直接的推进作用和内在优化功能，通过探讨两者之间的互动关系，旨在提出它们的良性互动模式及对策。     

生态影响评价在旅游景区中的应用--以中山陵园风景区外缘景区为例

采用生态影响评价的工作方法，以中山陵园风景区外缘景区为例，在分析外缘景区生态现状的基础上，从土地利用与水土流失状况、森林群落状况、生物多样性、生态系统等方面对规划产生的生态影响进行了评价，得出外缘规划的实施总体上有利于景区生态可持续发展的结论，最后对评价中有待改进的方面做了几点探讨。     

琅琊山风景区旅游商品开发

琅琊山作为著名旅游地，其旅游商品目前存在着产品单调、缺乏特色、品质不高等问题。通过对现有问题的分析，提出了琅琊山风景区旅游商品开发的原则，利用景区独特的自然资源与人文景观优势，从4个方面给出了旅游商品开发的对策，以提升景区的形象与品位，推动旅游业更好地发展。     

木兰天池景区旅游资源量化分析评价--运用AHP和模糊综合评判法

通过对武汉木兰天池景区的实地考察及调查、搜集资料，获得各种材料数据；在此基础上设置评价要素指标体系。运用层次分析法（AHP），经过一致性检验来确定各评价指标的权重；再采用模糊综合评判方法，建立评价模型，通过计算各指标在不同区域单元上的隶属度，对景区内各区域单元的旅游资源进行综合评价。评价结果表明，木兰天池景区的旅游资源处于中高级次，较高级次的资源缺乏，需要整体协调开发，进一步发掘旅游资源潜力，科学、合理地发展。     

旅游景区的低碳交通模式研究

景区内部交通构成旅游景区碳排放的主体,创建低碳旅游景区必然要走低碳交通之路。旅游景区的低碳交通建设是一个系统工程。从低碳景区创建角度出发,对景区内几种典型交通方式的碳排放情况进行定量分析和初步比较,从交通工具的选择与改进、交通站点的合理设置、景区道路的科学规划、运营管理的技术引入等方面构建旅游景区的低碳交通模式,为相关景区选择低碳化的交通方式提供依据。     

基于ABC态度模型的旅游景区形象网络化呈现研究——以贵州省5A与4A级景区为例北大核心

基于ABC态度模型,利用多源互联网大数据对贵州省高级别景区网络形象类型及分异特征进行研究。结果发现:①贵州多数景区网络形象指数较低,网络形象指数较高的景区极少。②美誉度、知名度与景区级别有正向关联关系,贵州“良性”层级循环景区不足,“恶性”层级循环景区占比较高。③贵州景区景观质量、景区级别与服务质量不匹配,服务质量总体好于景观质量,景区资源和产品质量不高。     

网红景区投射形象与感知形象的对比研究——以重庆万盛奥陶纪景区为例

以网红景区重庆市万盛奥陶纪景区为例,通过在景区官网、新浪微博、微信公众号和马蜂窝旅游网中搜集网络图片和文本,对其投射形象和感知形象进行对比分析。结果显示:①从图片内容上看,景区最重视游乐设施的形象宣传,忽视旅游纪念品的宣传,缺失"购"元素。②从图片数量上看,景区和游客都最重视游乐项目,景区忽视人文景观,游客对此仍会关注;景区对食物宣传较多,但成效微弱。③从官方文本上看,景区重点打造"悬崖景区"形象,重视网络营销。④从游记和点评看,游客通常结伴到景区游玩,对高空项目感到惊险刺激,对排队印象深刻,忽视对食物的体验,部分游客游玩后实际感知体验未达到预期。⑤对比景区的投射形象和感知形象,形象大体吻合,但仍存在差异。     

我国首批5A级旅游景区门票价格影响因素的实证研究

近几年我国旅游景区门票不断涨价,引起了广大旅游者的不满,也引起了政府部门和业内学者的广泛关注。通过梳理文献发现,国内学者一直关注影响景区定价的因素和定价模型,制定景区门票价格的原则等问题。采用最小二乘法,从计量经济学的视角对景区门票价格的影响因素进行实证研究,发现景区占地面积、拥有世界遗产资源、拥有人造旅游资源等因素与旅游景区门票价格呈正相关关系,而景区所在城市等级、景区所在城市的人均GDP、景区拥有历史人文旅游资源和景区拥有的自然旅游资源等因素与旅游景区门票价格呈负相关关系,提出了我国景区门票制定的对策建议。     

青海湖沙岛景区旅游线路、方式和设施的环保选择

文章通过对正在开发建设的青海湖沙岛旅游景区的实地考察和调研，着重从环境保护角度出发，探讨了景区旅游线路、方式、基础设施建设与自然环境的协调性以及在开发建设中影响自然环境和景观的突出问题，提出了有利于合理开发、保护生态环境和自然资源、促进青海湖生态旅游可持续发展的对策与建议。     

福州城市排污规划布局的水环境影响研究

以闽江下游福州城区段为研究区间,分析了闽江下游福州段的水环境质量现状,采用二维水动力-水质耦合模型研究了枯水期城市排污口布局和排污强度规划对水环境质量的影响。研究结果表明,感潮河段排污存在明显的污染物上溯现象,在东南区水厂至马尾水厂备用水源地之间形成高浓度污染团,洋里和连坂排污口对东南区水厂水源地水质影响最为显著,高潮时刻的高锰酸盐指数增量将达1.0mg/L,氨氮增量将达约0.15mg/L,叠加本底值后水质已接近Ⅲ类标准限值。建议逐步将取水口向城市上游淮安段转移,更换取消东南区水厂的取水口。     

玛纳斯河水质参数时空变化规律与趋势分析

干旱区水环境质量的好坏直接决定着绿洲经济建设的水平.通过对玛纳斯河15年来的水质监测资料的分析、研究,从中寻找出该流域的地表及地下水质变化规律与发展趋势.研究结果表明：玛河径流形成区及山前倾斜平原区水质一直保持在一级未受污染级别;山前倾斜平原区地下水中挥发酚以及氮素含量逐年上升,但总体水质仍然保持在一级未受污染级别的范围.     

Investigation of long-term river water quality variations using different urbanization indices and assessment of common scientific perspectives of urbanization on water quality

This study investigated the water quality variation spanning 30 years (1986–2017) in 16 catchments of Hong Kong against different urbanization indices, namely, built area fraction; population; and product of population and built area fraction. Pearson correlations of three different periods of time (1988–1990, 1998–2000, and 2015–2017) indicated that water quality trends were dependent on the urbanization index. Total solids, nitrite-nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate had significant deteriorative trends (Pearson r > 0.5 and p < 0.05) with population and product of built area and population. Results also interpreted that built area fraction and product of built area and population were the worst and best indices that represented urbanization and/or its impacts, respectively. Mann-Kendall test for the entire 30 year period showed that water quality had improved with time with respect to certain water quality parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids). The results portrayed that although the urbanization of catchments had increased with time, the river water quality with respect to many parameters showed signs of improvement and the legislative measures implemented seemed to be effective in controlling pollution.     

WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS FOR CARBONATE AQUIFERS IN GRAZED LAND WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: Water quality indicators of two agriculturally impacted karst areas in southeastern West Virginia were studied to determine the water quality effects of grazing agriculture and water quality trends following initiation of water quality improvement programs. Both areas are tributaries of the Greenbrier River and received funding for best management practices under the President's Initiative for Water Quality and then under the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). After 11 years of study there was little evidence to suggest that water quality improved in one area. Three and a half years of study in the other area showed little evidence of consistent water quality improvement under EQIP. Lack of consistent water quality improvement at the catchment scale does not imply that the voluntary programs were failures. Increased livestock numbers as a result of successful changes in forage management practices may have overridden water quality improvements achieved through best management practices. Practices that target well defined contributing areas significantly impacting aquifer water quality might be one way to improve water quality at catchment scales in karst basins. For example, a significant decrease in fecal coliform concentrations was observed in subterranean drainage from one targeted sinkhole after dairy cattle were permanently excluded from the sinkhole.     

Assessing pollution prevention program by QUAL2E simulation analysis for the Kao-Ping River Basin, Taiwan

Wise and sustainable uses of water resources are essential for an effective river-basin-management planning. Recent management strategy further addresses the fact that quantity and quality of water are closely interrelated, and both must be considered simultaneously for all water resources and water quality management practices. The aim of this paper is to explore the impacts of water resources redistribution and pollution prevention actions between and within river basins simultaneously in South Taiwan. Much emphasis will be placed on assessing the impacts of water transfer over natural boundary to satisfy the needs of industrial development in the Tseng-Wen River system and its resultant influence on the water quality in the downstream area of the Kao-Ping River system where the pollution prevention program is to be implemented. The Kao-Ping River was further characterized hydraulically and environmentally, based on a full investigation of discharges and withdrawals in the river reaches. QUAL2E was successfully calibrated and validated using data collected between 1998 and 1999, and the model was capable of predicting the concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total phosphate-phosphorus, and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) for the entire river system. With the aid of QUAL2E simulation model, it shows eliminating the pig farming activities and constructing the sewer systems in the upstream area of Kao-Ping River cannot guarantee the full compliance with water quality standards in the downstream area and water transfer in the upstream area further increases negative impacts on the water quality in the wet season. The predicted situation of water quality in the dry season may even present worse condition. Additional water pollution control policy, such as the use of economic instruments, for controlling and reducing the waste-load of biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia-nitrogen is needed in the Kao-Ping River system in the long run.     

对城镇清洁区与污灌区蔬菜基地环境现状的调查研究

通过对昌吉州三工镇和榆树沟镇、米泉市古牧地镇和柏杨河乡种植区土壤、空气质量、灌溉水的监测分析与调查研究,对比清洁区蔬菜基地与污灌区蔬菜基地环境现状,探讨了灌溉用水对蔬菜质量的影响,提出切实可行的防治措施.     

秦皇岛市“十一五”期间环境质量变化趋势及成因分析

"十一五"期间,秦皇岛市环境质量总体趋于好转。环境空气质量Ⅱ级以上天数始终保持在350天以上,综合污染指数明显下降;城市集中式饮用水源地水质达标率100%;地表水河流Ⅲ类断面比例提高了43.8%;劣Ⅴ类断面比例降低了35.7%。近岸海域海水水质达标率100%,海水浴场水质良好。但存在局部空气污染严重、部分河段水质恶化等主要环境问题,针对上述问题提出了总量减排、污染物联控等对策建议。     

Relating landscape characteristics to non-point source pollution in mine waste-located watersheds using geospatial techniques

Landscape characteristics of a watershed are important variables that influence surface water quality. Understanding the relationship between these variables and surface water quality is critical in predicting pollution potential and developing watershed management practices to eliminate or reduce pollution risk. To understand the impacts of landscape characteristics on water quality in mine waste-located watersheds, we conducted a case study in the Tri-State Mining District which is located in the conjunction of three states (Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma). Severe heavy metal pollution exists in that area resulting from historical mining activities. We characterized land use/land cover over the last three decades by classifying historical multi-temporal Landsat imagery. Landscape metrics such as proportion, edge density and contagion were calculated based on the classified imagery. In-stream water quality data over three decades were collected, including lead, zinc, iron, cadmium, aluminum and conductivity which were used as key water quality indicators. Statistical analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between landscape metrics and surface water quality. Results showed that landscape characteristics in mine waste-located watersheds could account for as much as 77% of the variation of water quality indicators. A single landscape metric alone, such as proportion of mine waste area, could be used to predict surface water quality; but its predicting power is limited, usually accounting for less than 60% of the variance of water quality indicators.     

WATER QUALITY PROJECTIONS: PREIMPOUNDMENT CASE STUDY1

ABSTRACT: Recent regulations require impact statements for major water development projects, including reservoirs that will be used for water supply, recreation, and pollution control. A water quantity/quality model was developed and used for making water quality projections of a proposed reservoir in Montgomery County, Maryland. The study area is uncommon in that there is an extensive water quality data base. The results indicate that land use changes will have a significant effect on water quality and that the proposed reservoir will improve the quality of the surface waters downstream from the reservoir. A major effect of land use changes is the increase in the variability of water quality.     

STORM WATER RUNOFF QUALITY FROM THREE LAND-USE AREAS IN SOUTH FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Storm water runoff studies of three small basins (20, 40, and 58 acres) in the Fort Lauderdale area of Florida were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1974–78. The basins were homogeneously developed with land uses being: commercial, single family residential, and high traffic volume highway. Synchronized data were collected for rainfall, storm water discharge, storm water quality, and bulk precipitation (rainfall plus dry fallout) quality. Analysis of the storm water discharge data showed that most runoff was from impervious areas hydraulically connected to drain inlets. Regression analyses of the storm water discharge and water quality data indicated that storm loads from the single family residential area correlated strongly with peak discharge and length of antecedent dry periods. Storm loads from the highway area correlated strongly with rainfall and less strongly with peak discharge and antecedent dry periods. Storm loads from the commercial area correlated strongly with peak discharge and rainfall, and less strongly with antecedent dry periods. On a unit area basis, the single family residential area yielded the largest loads of nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved solids. The commercial area yielded the largest loads of lead, zinc, and chemical oxygen demand. Yields of carbon were about the same for the three areas. Constituent loadings derived directly from the atmosphere were estimated on the basis of bulk precipitation samples and compared with storm runoff loads from the highway and commercial areas.