一株异养脱氮菌的脱氮性能及其影响因素研究

研究异养硝化过程中分离得到一株具有异养脱氮性能的菌株,经16S rRNA鉴定后为Providencia rettgeri菌属,命名为Providencia rettgeri strain YL。在实验室条件下,初步探讨了不同碳氮源、温度、pH值、摇床转速和微量元素对Providencia rettgeri strain YL菌株脱氮作用的影响,研究结果显示,Providencia rettgeri strain YL菌株在葡萄糖和氯化铵为碳氮源的培养基中生长最好,温度为30℃、pH值为7、摇床转速为120 r/min时具有最佳的脱氮效果,微量元素Mg²⁺最有利于Providencia rettgeri strain YL菌株的生长和脱氮。     

A review of plant-based coagulants for turbidity and cyanobacteria blooms removal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, the proliferation of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (CyanoHABs) has increased with water eutrophication and climate change, impairing...     

微生物絮凝剂对含藻微污染水的除浊性能研究

采用微生物絮凝剂JMBF-25和无机絮凝剂复合使用的方法,对含藻微污染水进行处理。结果表明,絮凝剂复合使用降低了无机絮凝剂的使用量,减轻了无机絮凝剂对环境的二次污染。处理含藻微污染水的最佳复配比为ρ(PAC) ρ(JMBF-25)=15mg／L 1．2mg／L或ρ(PFS) ρ(JMBF-25)=8mg／L 2．0mg／L。机理分析表明,絮凝剂JMBF-25絮凝机理以吸附架桥为主。     

栅条式微涡除浊技术流场数值模拟

针对铁路隧道施工废水的高精度高效率除浊需求,采用在旋流式澄清池的旋流反应区中加入栅条式微涡发生器的方式来提升设备混凝除浊效率。采用数值模拟手段分析了旋流场内加入栅条前后流场内与混凝有关的特征参数变化,并采用水力实验进行效果验证。结果表明,加入栅条后,混凝流场初始段的湍动动能及湍耗散明显提升,较之空池条件下分别提升19.24%、155.59%。这种变化利于混凝反应初期,药剂的充分分散,增加颗粒的初始碰撞概率。同时,栅条引入后,增加了流场内的涡旋尺度分布范围,利于流场内不同尺度颗粒完成涡旋絮凝。在原水浊度1 000 NTU的条件下,带有栅条的反应器最终上清液出水浊度达37.4 NTU,絮体分形维数可达1.71,较之空池情况下有明显提升。本研究结果可为微涡旋絮凝技术用于隧道废水处理提供参考。     

废石粉渣制备混凝剂及其除浊净水效果研究

利用废石粉渣制备无机混凝剂,并研究所得初产品对硅藻土悬浮液和受污湖水样品进行处理的适宜操作条件以及除浊净水效果,结果表明,利用某些废石粉渣制备的混凝剂有较好效果,但制备工艺有待改善。     

高分子重金属絮凝剂MCC制备及除铜去浊性能

以壳聚糖、L-半胱氨酸为原料,通过酰胺化反应制备了一种具有重金属捕集功能的高分子重金属絮凝剂-2-氨基-3-巯基丙酰壳聚糖(MCC)。以含铜废水为处理对象,通过正交实验研究了MCC的最佳制备条件,对其除铜性能进行了全面探讨,并对絮体形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明,在最佳条件下制得的MCC具有除浊和捕集重金属离子双重功能,形成的絮体量较大、沉速快,出水水质好,重金属回收率较高,残渣稳定,不易造成二次污染,絮体分形维数越小,空隙越多,除铜效果越好。     

聚乙烯醇与海藻酸钠对玫瑰色微球菌的固定化及其脱氮性能的优化

为了提高玫瑰色微球菌(Rosy Micrococcus)的脱氮效果,利用聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)以及PVA+SA复合物对其进行固定包埋。应用正交与均匀设计法对固定化小球进行脱氮优化。结果表明,单独利用PVA与SA进行固定脱氮时,脱氮率最高分别达到29%与25%,而利用PVA+SA进行复合固定时,成球性能与脱氮率均优于单因子固定。复合固定脱氮的最优条件为:PVA 7.2%,SA 3%,CaCl2 3%,温度31℃,pH 7.2,胶菌比15%,小球数300个,脱氮时间48 h后脱氮率最高,达到48.9%。     

浮萍生长及其除磷效率的影响因素的研究

磷是藻类增殖的限制因子,是引起水体富营养化的关键营养物质.有效除磷,能在很大程度上减轻水体的富营养化.利用浮萍科植物吸收转化污水中的营养物质引起了越来越多研究者的关注,但对浮萍科植物除磷效果的影响因素的研究相对较少.以少根紫萍(Spirodela oligorrhiza)为供试材料,以完全培养液为处理对象,研究了培养液pH、少根紫萍初始放养密度对其生长及除磷效率的影响.结果表明:少根紫萍能够耐受的最低pH在4左右,在pH＝5～9能正常生长,在pH＝6～8具有较高的TP去除率,最高去除率可达84.1%;少根紫萍的相对增长率随其初始放养密度的增加而降低,但其鲜重增长量、平均增长速率、TP去除率及平均TP去除速率均随着初始放养密度的增加而增加.     

聚合氯化铝/聚丙烯酰胺复合改性凹凸棒土絮凝材料的制备及其除浊除藻效果

蓝藻水华已成为我国湖库面临的主要环境问题,而利用黏土治理有害藻华技术在我国应用已有十多年的历史,是国际上公认的最具发展前景的措施之一。通过选用凹凸棒土(AT)为原材料,聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为改性剂,制备新型复合絮凝材料凹凸棒土-聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺(AT-PAC-PAM)。比较不同原料配比条件下复合絮凝材料的除浊效果,并对絮凝材料改性前后微观形貌、物化性质进行表征分析,然后通过单因素实验对复合絮凝材料除浊除藻条件进行优化,最后采用电子显微镜观察不同絮凝材料处理藻液所生成的絮体形貌差异。研究结果表明：AT-PAC-PAM絮凝材料的最佳原料组分质量配比为m(AT)∶m(PAC)∶m(PAM)=100∶20∶0.2;材料改性后铝离子含量增加、表面积增加、孔径增大、空隙增多,使得吸附能力增强;在相同实验条件下,AT-PAC-PAM(20%)除浊除藻效果最优,其最佳条件为pH =7、复合絮凝材料质量浓度为60 mg·L⁻¹、藻液初始浊度50 NTU、慢搅转速100 r·min⁻¹、慢搅时间20 min、沉淀时间30 min;在对絮体微观观察中发现,复合絮凝材料AT-PAC-PAM加强了吸附架桥和网捕作用,使所形成的絮体密集紧实,从而促进藻-土复合絮体的沉降,具有很好的应用前景。     

Zero-valent iron and iron oxide-coated sand as a combination for removal of co-present chromate and arsenate from groundwater with humic acid

The combination of zero-valent iron (Fe⁰) and iron oxide-coated sand (IOCS) was used to remove Cr(VI) and As(V) from groundwater in this study. The efficiency and the removal mechanism of Cr(VI) and As(V) by using this combination, with the influence of humic acid (HA), were investigated using batch experiments. Results showed that, compared to using Fe⁰ or IOCS alone, the Fe⁰-IOCS can perform better on the removal of both Cr(VI) and As(V). Metal extraction studies showed that As(V) was mainly removed by IOCS and iron corrosion products while Cr(VI) was mainly removed by Fe⁰ and its corrosion products. Competition was found between Cr(VI) and As(V) for the adsorption sites on the iron corrosion products. HA had shown insignificant effects on Cr(VI) removal but some effects on As(V) removal kinetics. As(V) was adsorbed on IOCS at the earlier stage, but adsorbed/coprecipitated with the iron corrosion products at the later stage.     

Graphene oxide as a tool for antibiotic-resistant gene removal: a review

Environmental pollutants, including antibiotics (ATBs), have become an increasingly common health hazard in the last several decades. Overdose and abuse of ATBs led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), which represent a serious health threat. Moreover, water bodies and reservoirs are places where a wide range of bacterial species with ARGs originate, owing to the strong selective pressure from presence of ATB residues. In this regard, graphene oxide (GO) has been utilised in several fields including remediation of the environment. In this review, we present a brief overview of resistant genes of frequently used ATBs, their occurrence in the environment and their behaviour. Further, we discussed the factors influencing the binding of nucleic acids and the response of ARGs to GO, including the presence of salts in the water environment or water pH, because of intrinsic properties of GO of not only binding to nucleic acids but also catalysing their decomposition. This would be helpful in designing new types of water treatment facilities.

     

Effects of biofilter media depth and moisture content on removal of gases from a swine barn

Media depth (MD) and moisture content (MC) are two important factors that greatly influence biofilter performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effect of MC and MD on removing ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from swine barns. Biofiltration performance of different MDs and MCs in combination based on a mixed medium of wood chips and compost was monitored. A 3 × 3 factorial design was adopted, which included three levels of the two factors (MC: 45%, 55%, and 67% [wet basis]; MD: 0.17, 0.33, and 0.50 m). Results indicated that high MC and MD could improve NH₃ removal efficiency, but increase outlet N₂O concentration. When MC was 67%, the average NH₃ removal efficiency of three MDs (0.17, 0.33, and, 0.50 m) ranged from 77.4% to 78.7%; the range of average H₂S removal efficiency dropped from 68.1–90.0% (1–34 days of the test period) to 36.8–63.7% (35–58 days of the test period); and the average outlet N₂O concentration increased by 25.5–60.1%. When MC was 55%, the average removal efficiency of NH₃, H₂S, and N₂O for treatment with 0.33 m MD was 72.8 ± 5.9%, 70.9 ± 13.3%, and –18.9 ± 8.1%, respectively; and the average removal efficiency of NH₃, H₂S, and N₂O for treatment with 0.50 m MD was 77.7 ± 4.2%, 65.8 ± 13.7%, and –24.5 ±12.1%, respectively. When MC was 45%, the highest average NH₃ reduction efficiency among three MDs was 60.7% for 0.5 m MD, and the average N₂O removal efficiency for three MDs ranged from –18.8% to –12.7%. In addition, the pressure drop of 0.33 m MD was significantly lower than that of 0.50 m MD (p < 0.05). To obtain high mitigation of NH₃ and H₂S and avoid elevated emission of N₂O and large pressure drop, 0.33 m MD at 55% MC is recommended.

Implications: The performances of biofilters with three different media depths (0.17, 0.33, and 0.50 m) and three different media moisture contents (45%, 55%, and 67% [wet basis]) were compared to remove gases from a swine barn. Using wood chips and compost mixture as the biofilters media, the combination of 0.33 m media depth and 55% media moisture content is recommended to obtain good reduction of NH₃ and H₂S, and to simultaneously prevent elevated emission of N₂O and large pressure drop across the media.     

混凝絮凝法去除腐质酸的研究

进行了混凝絮凝法去除水中腐殖酸的研究，结果表明，同传统的絮凝剂相比，微生物絮凝剂不仅用量少，去除效果好(去除率可达60％)，而且不产生二次污染，可应用于废水特别是给水中腐殖酸的去除工艺中，对絮凝剂的絮凝机理进行了初步研究，研究表明，微生物絮凝剂去除腐殖酸主要是通过架桥完成的，不同于A12(SO4)3的电中和机理。     

海藻酸钠包埋凹凸棒土颗粒吸附剂的制备及其对单宁酸的吸附

利用海藻酸钠和氯化钙成球原理,包埋制备有机凹凸棒土颗粒(GOAT)吸附剂,通过SEM图和红外谱图进行表征,通过批量实验考察了凹凸棒土颗粒吸附剂对水体天然有机质单宁酸的吸附行为,结果表明,凹凸棒土颗粒吸附剂内部形貌和粉体吸附剂(POAT)相比无明显变化;平衡吸附量(142 mg/g)稍低于粉体吸附剂(148 mg/g);吸附速率较快,100 min时吸附趋于平衡,吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程;吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温方程,吸附为放热反应;pH为6时吸附性能最佳。     

Phosphate removal and recovery with a synthetic hydrotalcite as an adsorbent

Phosphate removal is important to control eutrophication and an ion exchange process is one of several treatment processes for this purpose. Hydrotalcite compounds (HTALs) are useful as adsorbents for phosphate removal because of their ion exchange properties. In this study, the adsorption properties of a granular synthetic HTAL for phosphate and the method of regeneration of the granular HTAL were examined. The adsorption isotherm of the granular HTAL was approximated by a modified Langmuir type, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 47.3 mg P g(-1), which corresponded to the content of HTAL in the granular one. Phosphate adsorbed on the HTAL was effectively desorbed with alkaline NaCl solutions and the HTAL was regenerated with 25 w/v% MgCl(2) solution. The regenerated HTAL could be reused repeatedly for the phosphate removal. Phosphate in the exhausted desorption solution was recovered as a precipitate of calcium phosphate by addition of CaCl(2), and the residual exhausted desorption solution could be also reused after supplying NaOH. The results suggest the possibility of an effective system for phosphate removal and recovery, which includes the following processes: adsorption, desorption, recovery of phosphate, and regeneration of the HTAL and the desorption solution.     

Styrofoam debris as a potential carrier of mercury within ecosystems

The present paper falls within the trend of research into interactions between various pollutants emitted anthropogenically into the environment and focuses on mercury and styrofoam debris. The study covers part of the Southern Baltic’s drainage area. Apart from styrofoam and beach sand, the research involved mosses, which are bioindicators of atmospheric metal pollution. The research has shown that mercury present in the environment becomes associated with styrofoam debris. The median for mercury concentrations in virgin styrofoam samples (0.23 ng g^?1 dry weight (d.w.)) and in beach sand samples (0.69 ng g^?1 d.w.) was an order of magnitude lower than in the styrofoam debris (5.20 ng g^?1 d.w.). The highest mercury content observed in styrofoam debris (3,863 ng g^?1 d.w.) exceeded the standards for bottom sediment and soil. The binding of mercury to styrofoam debris takes place in water, and presumably also through contact with the ground. A significant role in this process was played by biotic factors, such as the presence of biofilm and abiotic ones, such as solar radiation and the transformations of mercury forms related to it. As a result, mercury content in styrofoam debris underwent seasonal changes, peaking in summertime. Furthermore, the regional changes of mercury content in the studied debris seem to reflect the pollution levels of the environment.     

磁絮凝-吸附技术对黑臭水体中浊度、氨氮和总磷的去除效果及机理

采用磁絮凝-吸附技术开展了同步去除黑臭水体浊度、氨氮和总磷(TP)实验。在磁絮凝阶段,通过聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、磁粉(MPs)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复配使用,利用电荷中和作用去除浊度和TP;同时,利用化学吸附沉淀去除TP;在此阶段中,当PFS、MPs、PAM的投加量分别为16.00、100.00、2.20 mg·L⁻¹且以PFS+MPs在快速阶段先投加,PAM在慢速阶段后投加的顺序投配时,絮凝效果达到最佳。在吸附阶段,吸附剂质化壳聚糖-沸石(PCZ)主要通过离子交换作用去除氨氮以及通过静电吸附作用去除TP;当PCZ的投加量为1.25 g·L⁻¹时吸附效果达到最佳。利用所研究的磁絮凝-吸附技术对实际黑臭水体进行处理,其出水浊度能达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放一级标准(≤10.00 NTU),TP和氨氮也分别能满足地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准(≤0.20 mg·L⁻¹)和Ⅴ类标准(≤2.00 mg·L⁻¹)要求。     

Time-varying energy consumption as a factor in urban climate

The thermal effects of urban energy consumption are investigated using a time-dependent, one-dimensional, numerical model. The surface energy balance includes a time-varying rate of anthropogenic heat addition from transportation, electric consumption, and space heating sources. Industrial input is treated as a constant. The contribution of each source to the urban temperature is determined for typical winter and typical summer days. Results indicate that transportation and electric usage accentuate the afternoon heat island and moderate the nocturnal heat island. Space heating in winter enhances the nocturnal heat island. Comparison of urban and rural simulations reveals two distinct types of urban heat islands, controlled by the combined effects of heat addition, moisture, and roughness. The moderating influence of increasing wind speed is also examined.