现有大气监测系统的再优化

本文根据模糊聚类分析原理,建立了城市大气质量分类图,并以此为基础,提出了改进城市现有大气监测系统的再优化方法,本法的优点是克服了城市大气质量监测点设置数量以功能区多少及面积大小为主要依据的不足。     

嘉峪关市大气污染特征及变化趋势分析

作者采用1997—2001年大气例行监测数据，统计分析了嘉峪关市大气污染特征和影响大气质量的主要污染物及其变化趋势。     

天水市城区影响能见度的天气现象特征分析

通过统计天水市区１９６５～１９７７年主要影响视程的天气现象，对其时间分布及变化趋势作了具体分析，初步探讨了大气透明度的分布规律，以期引起人们对当地大气质量的关注。     

臭氧数值预报模型综述

光化学大气质量模型在研究臭氧(O_3)污染以及O_3预报方面具有核心作用,是O_3污染防治决策者的有力工具。文章结合目前中国及国际区域尺度光化学大气质量预报模型的研究与应用,重点论述与O_3有关的大气化学过程在数值预报模型中的数学表达和计算方法,阐述大气物理与大气化学过程在主流大气质量数值预报模型中的实现方法及其优势和缺陷,介绍用于数值预报模型的大气物理过程和湍流参数化方案的最新进展。就当前O_3数值模拟的主要输入资料进行讨论,强调那些易被忽视但又显著影响模型预报能力和效果的诸多因素以及模型效果评估的重要性。结合O_3与复合型大气污染的关系,强调区域大气质量数值预报模型的发展趋势与方向以及在大气环境管理方面的意义和作用。     

佳木斯大气污染物扩散影响因素及区域探究

对影响佳木斯市大气污染物扩散的因素进行了分析。结果表明,大气稳定度、垂直和水平温度梯度、低空风场引起的平流动力输送、地面粗糙度、湍流运动、雨雾等都不同程度地影响大气污染物的扩散,以一定的传输和扩散规律决定城市大气污染水平的高低,并由此使局部区域污染程度各不相同。城市热岛效应和温度层结是影响大气污染物扩散的重要因素。影响区域主要为城市主导风向下风向的城市东部地区。     

大气污染物影响因素的灰色关联分析

运用灰色系统理论，对产生和影响城市大气主要污染物的相关因素，利用灰色关联分析方法进行了量化分析研究，根据研究结果，提出了控制大气污染的防治对策．     

哈密市大气环境质量特征及变化趋势分析

介绍了哈密名城大气质量状况及特征,作了初步趋势分析.认为哈密地区大气主要污染物为降尘,然而大气环境质量近期发展不会严重恶化.     

大气传导对暴露于臭氧条件下植物的影响

大气传导对暴露于臭氧条件下植物的影响钱茜唐新德（济南军区环境监测中心站济南２５０００２）１概述在永久性草地生态系统上对Ｏ３生成物浓度和Ｏ３通量密度测定，其结果可作为制订大气质量指标或标准的依据。利用一模拟电阻在标准测量高度测定Ｏ３生成物浓度和大气扩散...     

粉尘测试过程中的若干问题

粉尘测试过程中的若干问题张月明（江苏省淮阴市环境监测站２２３００１）污染源监测的目的是检查污染源排出的大气污染物浓度是否符合现行的排放标准，分析它们对大气环境的影响，以便加以限制，评价现有的污染净化装置以及防治设施的性能及使用情况，为大气质量管理和评...     

用风速分层法研究城市大气环境质量目标

城市大气环境质量一般随时间而变化,这这变化主要由气象条件、地形和污染物排放方式造成的.这些因素在某些时段内,对大气环境质量的影响表现出分层特征.尤其是气象条件的影响显得更为突出.本文就气象因素中最直接的主要参数——风速作为研究对象,研究不同风速对城市大气中二氧化硫浓度的分层问题,以及在设定阀值浓度下出现的概率分布.     

基于环境库兹涅茨曲线的中国城市环境空气质量主要影响因素

当前,中国城市环境空气污染形势十分严峻,空气质量呈现出典型的区域性特征。研究对2006—2012年各地区环境空气质量数据和经济社会发展指标统计资料面板数据进行分析,结果表明:研究选取时段内多数空气质量指标与人均国内生产总值之间的关系并不符合典型的环境库兹涅茨曲线(倒U型曲线),无显著相关性,但NO2质量浓度与人均国内生产总值之间呈现出倒N型曲线,空气质量综合指数与人口密度之间也呈现出倒N型曲线。空气质量综合指数与国民经济中第二产业占比和第三产业占比之间没有显著的相关关系,但与第一产业占比呈显著的负相关关系。空气质量综合指数与主要污染物单位面积排放量呈显著的正相关关系,与单位面积能源消费总量、单位面积煤炭消费量均呈显著的正相关关系,表明以煤炭为主要能源类型的能源消费带来的污染物排放是影响空气质量的主要因素。空气质量综合指数与降水量呈显著的负相关关系,降水量等气象条件对空气质量有一定影响,在开展大气污染防治时,应综合考虑各地的自然因素特征,合理确定工作目标和防治对策。     

融合拓扑信息与气象信息的空气质量预测网络

通过空气质量监测数据对正在形成或即将到来的空气污染进行预测是一项具有重要意义的工作，而空气质量监测站只能检测其周围一定范围内的空气污染情况。为了衡量整个城市的空气污染情况，获取任意时间、任意位置的空气质量信息，结合交叉注意力机制，提出了一种融合拓扑信息与气象信息的空气质量预测网络(CGMIM)。将西安市空气质量监测数据与气象数据转换为图像拼接起来，作为输入信息。在高阶非线性时空动态神经网络(MIM)的基础上引入注意力机制，并增加拓扑图编码器模块，提高模型提取能力以及对空气质量监测数据中的空间特征的利用率。最后，使用时空损失函数替代传统的均方误差损失函数，提高模型对空间关系的关注。结果表明：CGMIM网络模型能够在准确预测的同时，对位置区域合理填充，能够有效提升空气质量监测数据的空间分辨率。     

On the use of dorsiventral reflectance asymmetry of hornbeam (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carpinus betulus</Emphasis> L.) leaves in air pollution estimation

This study examines the role of dorsiventral leaf measurements in reflectance-based air quality estimation. The dorsiventral asymmetry is used to describe the difference between the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) leaf side. Spectral characteristics of dorsiventral asymmetry and both adaxial and abaxial leaf reflectance are investigated for a typical dicotyledonous species Carpinus betulus used in an urban environment. The link with traffic-related air pollution is established and the potential for monitoring of air quality is evaluated. We conclude that dorsiventral reflectance asymmetry is a factor that should not be ignored in canopy measurements and modeling. On the other hand, the benefits of dorsiventral asymmetry indices as a tool for reflectance-based air quality seem limited.     

2013—2019年青岛市空气质量变化特征分析

为掌握滨海城市环境空气质量变化特征,为污染精准管控和打赢蓝天保卫战提供科学参考,以沿海重要中心城市青岛市为研究区域,基于青岛市9个国控空气监测点位监测结果,对2013—2019年青岛市6项空气污染物浓度监测结果进行分析,总结归纳青岛市空气质量时间变化特征。结果表明：2019年,青岛市空气质量超标,超标指标为颗粒物;青岛市2014年空气质量最差,2018年空气质量最好;2013—2019年,青岛市O₃浓度总体呈上升趋势,其余5项污染物浓度呈下降趋势;青岛市环境空气主要污染物是PM_2.5,其次是O₃;青岛市空气质量冬季差于其他季节,春节期间烟花爆竹燃放等人为活动使空气质量变差。     

唐山市钢铁行业大气污染物排放清单建立

以唐山市钢铁企业为研究对象,在收集已有排放源数据的基础上,基于排放因子和活动水平数据采用排放因子法估算了唐山市钢铁企业多个大气污染物的排放量,得到了符合空气质量模型要求的污染源输入数据,建立钢铁行业和主要防控因子污染源数据库。结合唐山市各县区的环境空气质量状况,利用GIS技术,将不同污染因子的排放进行空间分布,最终形成准确完善的多尺度、高时空分辨率大气污染源排放清单。研究介绍了符合中国特色的区域高分辨率大气排放源清单建立的方法体系,为京津冀地区区域大气污染联防联控及2020年大气污染物区域削减计划工作提供数据支撑。     

PM1 and PM2.5 ionic composition and VOCs measurements in two typical apartments in Athens, Greece: investigation of smoking contribution to indoor air concentrations

During the last decades, the air quality of the city of Athens has been quite aggravated. Scientific interest has been focused on health effects caused by both outdoor and indoor air pollution. The purpose of this study was the presentation of results from air quality measurements in two similar typical Athenian apartments in the same suburban area. In addition, smoking contribution is investigated, as it is the main factor which differentiates the two apartments. The results showed that it is the outdoor environment that mainly contributes to the air quality of the non-smokers’ house. In the second apartment, PM_2.5, PM₁, and benzene concentrations were found significantly higher due to smoking activity. In contrast, no clear difference in particulate matter ionic composition between the two areas was observed, although in the smoker’s house, ion concentrations were found elevated. This observation amplifies the assumption that in the smoker’s apartment, significant outdoor sources’ contribution cannot be excluded.     

Evaluation of the Trend of Air Quality in Taipei, Taiwan from 1994 to 2003

The data collected from the five air quality monitoring stations established by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) in Taipei City were analyzed to assess the changes in air quality. The analyses reveal that the air quality in Taipei City improved over the last decade from 1994 to 2003, as evidenced by the significant downward trends of the various primary air pollutant concentrations, such as CO, NO_X, SO₂, and PM₁₀. An air pollution fee was collected by TEPA in 1995, and several air pollution control measures were likewise taken to improve the air quality in Taiwan. However, although the extreme daily maximum O₃ concentrations occurred more frequently in earlier years and showed a downward trend, its moderately high concentrations increased annually in recent years. It implied that after the reduction of various primary pollutant concentrations, the effective reduction of O₃ pollution still remains an important issue.     

城市环境空气质量指数范围预报方法初探

城市环境空气质量指数预报是环境信息公众服务的重要内容,以城市24 h空气质量指数预报为例,探讨了其范围预报方法,并通过均方差的数理统计方法,分析典型城市每日空气质量指数实况数据的波动范围以及预报与实况偏差,针对不同空气质量级别提出建议性的空气质量指数预报变化幅度修正范围,并对预报过程中的质量控制技术进行了初步讨论。     

Seasonal Variation of Toxic Benzene Emissions in Petroleum Refinery

Petroleum refineries are largest chemical industries that are responsible for the emission of several pollutants into the atmosphere. Benzene is among the most important air pollutants that are emitted by petroleum refineries, since they are involved in almost every refinery process. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major group of air pollutants, which play a critical role in atmospheric chemistry. These contribute to toxic oxidants, which are harmful to ecosystem, human health and atmosphere. The variability of pollutants is an important factor in determining human exposure to these chemicals. The ambient air concentrations of benzene were measured in several sites around the Digboi petroleum refinery, near the city of Gowahati in northeast India, during winter and summer 2004. The seasonal and spatial variations of the ambient air concentrations of this benzene were investigated and analyzed. An estimation of the contribution of the refinery to the measured atmospheric levels of benzene was also performed. The ambient air mixing ratios of benzene in a large area outside the refinery was generally low, in ppbv range, much lower than the ambient air quality standards. This article presents the temporal and spatial variation of air pollution in and around petroleum refinery and showed that no health risk due to benzene is present in the areas adjacent to the refinery.     

北方沙尘对江苏环境空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度的影响

利用卫星遥感数据、气象观测资料和江苏省环境空气自动站的可吸入颗粒物的监测数据,对春季中国北方的沙尘暴过程对江苏环境空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度的影响分析发现,沙尘暴所含的沙尘粒子在冷空气的引导下可能进入江苏,对环境空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度将会产生较大的影响;北方沙尘暴所携带的沙尘粒子是春季江苏空气污染的重要来源之一,是预报空气质量异常偏高的重要依据之一。