The boundaryless career: A competency-based perspective

This paper proposes a competency-based view of careers, derived from competency-based models of employer firms. The implications for boundaryless careers are explored by reference to changing organizational, occupational and industry community contexts. All of these contexts are seen as likely to promote boundaryless career behaviors. Future research possibilities for each of three career competencies, and for interdependence among the competencies, are briefly examined.     

机器人在人机交互过程中的安全性研究进展

为全面准确地掌握人机交互作业过程中人与机器人在安全性方面的研究进展,把提高机器人安全性的策略归纳为3种方法,分别称为事前预防主动控制、关节柔顺设计和用黏弹性材料包裹连杆,阐述了每种方法评价机器人安全性的主要性能指标。通过对比各种实现方法的设计思想和结构组成方案,总结出各种方法的优缺点和存在的主要问题。事前控制的关键在于信息的全面性和控制的实时性;事后控制方法的主要问题则只能在一定程度上减缓撞击的伤害程度,而无法从根本上保证人的安全性。结果表明,到目前为止仅靠单一手段和方法还不能彻底解决机器人安全性问题,要多种手段相结合,高度重视影响安全性的主客观因素,把提高机器人安全性的理念贯穿于机器人设计的各个环节。     

芳烃类化合物结构表征及-lgK_(ow)定量预测

为探寻芳烃类有机物结构与正辛醇/水分配系数(-lgK_(ow))的关系,应用分子顶点及顶点相互作用矢量对芳烃类有机物进行了结构表征.采用多元线性回归及逐步回归建立了3个定量结构-性质关系的-lgK_(ow)模型.经过比较,发现模型M3具有最佳模拟结果,此时模型的复相关系数为0.946,标准偏差为0.392.为检验模型的稳定性,采用留一法(leave-one-out)对模型进行了交互检验,复相关系数为0.920,标准偏差为0.429.     

Predictive models of safety belt use: a regression analysis of MVOSS data

A substantial portion of the U.S. population fails to regularly use their safety belts. The explanations for the differential belt use have addressed, for example, socioeconomics, state law, attitudes, and perceived likelihood of being ticketed. The current analyses create predictive models of safety belt use. Using NHTSA's Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Surveys (Years 1998 and 2000; N = 9577), variables related to belt use were entered into backward stepwise logistic regressions to produce two predictive models (Demographic and Attitudinal) of safety belt use (Always versus Not always). The results indicated that belt use is a complicated issue as there were several interactions between variables. The Demographic predictive model contained main effects for, law types, socioeconomics, population density, a gender-law type interaction, and a three-way interaction between age, marital status, and vehicle type. The Attitudinal model included perceived effectiveness of the belt, fatalistic attitudes, and an interaction between perceived effectiveness of the belt and perceived risk of being ticketed. These models survived a multinomial logistic regression when belt use was parsed into three categories (Always, Part-time, and Infrequent). In addition to variables that affect belt use, the results suggested that the structure of "belt use" as a psychological/behavioral construct is more complicated than once thought. Specifically, a dichotomous breakdown of belt use (Always and Not always) oversimplifies the construct because the predictor factors sometimes affect "part-time" belt users differently than "infrequent" belt users (compared to "full-time" users). Many of the factors included in the models have been previously shown to impact belt use, but the interaction effects--indicating a more complicated relationship between these variables than previously suggested--may contribute to a better understanding of safety belt use.     

Team mental models and team performance: a field study of the effects of team mental model similarity and accuracy

We conducted a field study of 71 action teams to examine the relationship between team mental model similarity and accuracy and the performance of real‐world teams. We used Pathfinder to operationalize team members' taskwork mental models (describing team procedures, tasks, and equipment) and teamwork mental models (describing team interaction processes) and examined team performance as evaluated by expert team assessment center raters. Both taskwork mental model and teamwork mental model similarity predicted team performance. Team mental model accuracy measures were also predictive of team performance. We discuss the implications of our findings and directions for future research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

驾驶行为模型的研究进展

驾驶员行为模型的研究对于预测和干预驾驶员的风险行为、设计相关的道路安全设施与车内设备,以及制定交通法律法规等具有重要的意义。为了解和掌握学术界关于驾驶行为模型的研究进展,搜集、筛选和归纳了1960—2010年被SCI数据库索引的相关文章,将驾驶行为模型分类为描述性模型、信息处理模型、动机模型、计划行为理论(TPB)和躯体标识假设,并对每种模型进行评述和总结,理清这些模型间的内在联系。研究发现,现有各模型只是从某个角度研究驾驶员行为的部分特征,而不能解释驾驶员的全部行为。今后应不断完善和整合各类模型,并借鉴心理学、生理学和行为科学等相关领域的理论、知识,使驾驶行为模型变得更为实用、有效。     

An agent based evacuation model utilising hybrid space discretisation

Egress models typically use one of three methods to represent the physical space in which the agents move: coarse network, fine network or continuous. In this work, we present a novel approach to represent space, which we call the ‘Hybrid Spatial Discretisation’ (HSD), in which all three spatial representations can be utilised to represent the physical space of the geometry within a single integrated software tool. The aim of the HSD approach is to encompass the benefits of the three spatial representation methods and maximise computational efficiency while providing an optimal environment to represent the movement and interaction of agents.     

10种事故致因模型的对比研究

为了给事故致因模型的研究提供理论支持,为日常管理中事故致因模型的选用提供参考依据,从事故的影响对象、模型的组成和事故发生的路径3个维度对10种事故致因模型进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:事故致因模型对事故影响对象的涵盖越来越全面;事故致因模型的组成日趋全面,且趋于对模型中各模块给出清晰定义以能保证分析结果的准确性;故发生的路径描述由链式向系统网状发展;根据充分性和效率的需求对模块化模型和非模块化的模型进行选择。     

A multiple motive perspective on strike propensities

Strike propensities refer to the extent to which union members are willing to engage in strikes. The present paper identifies four motivational explanations for individual propensity to strike: social exchange relationships between member and union, and member and company, economic circumstances, and social status. These four models complement each other, and together permit substantial integration of previous literature as well as suggesting new antecedents of strike propensities. We evaluated each model using survey data from 2548 unionized retail employees. While the economic model explained the most variance in strike propensity, each model accounted for a significant amount of unique variation in the members' strike propensities. Our organizational framework of the motivational explanations of strike propensity into four distinct but complementary motivational models and our addition of new predictor variables represent our study's major contributions. Implications for strike research and union member–union relations are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市事故灾难风险分析研究

城市事故灾难风险分析是以城市整体为研究对象,涉及理、工、文、管多学科领域的城市安全管理重要内容。笔者提出城市事故灾难风险分析的基本思路和一般研究框架;归纳出城市事故灾难风险分析应包括:基于事故发生可能性的研究、基于事故预测模型的研究、基于风险值的研究、不确定性的研究等主要研究内容,并介绍了每个研究内容的国内外研究现状;针对研究内容评述其领域未来发展方向和热点问题。     

Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research

A growing body of research explores workplace incivility, defined as low‐intensity deviant workplace behavior with an ambiguous intent to harm. In the 15 years since the theoretical introduction of the workplace incivility construct, research in this domain has taken off, albeit in a variety of directions. We review the extant body of research on workplace incivility and note the multitude of samples, sources, methodologies, and instrumentation used. In this review article, we provide an organized review of the extant body of work that encompasses three distinct types of incivility: experienced, witnessed, and instigated incivility. These three types of incivility serve as the foundation for a series of comprehensive models in which we integrate extant empirical research. In the last part of this review article, we suggest directions for future research that may contribute to this growing body of work. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pulling force prediction using neural networks

Purpose. In ergonomics and human factors investigations, pulling force (PF) estimation has usually been achieved using various types of biomechanical models, and independent approximation of PF was done with the help of upper extremity joints. Recently, multiple regression methods have gained importance for task-relevant inputs in predicting PF. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) also play a vital role in fitting the data; however, their use in work-related biomechanics and ergonomics is inadequate. Therefore, the current research aimed to accomplish comparative investigation of ANN and regression models by assessing their capacity to predict PF values. Methods. Multipositional PF data were acquired from 200 subjects at three different handle heights and body locations. ANN and regression models were formed using a random sample of three subsets (75% training, 15% selection, 10% validation) for proving the outcomes. Results. The comparison of ANN and regression models shows that the predictions of ANN models had a profoundly explained variance and lower root mean square difference values for the PF data at three handle heights. Conclusions. These outcomes advise that ANNs offer a precise and robust substitute for regression methods, and should be considered a useful method in biomechanics and ergonomics task assessments.     

大型城市综合体火灾风险评估研究*

为提高大型城市综合体火灾风险评估准确性,建立“双主线”火灾风险评估模型,运用贝叶斯网络计算火灾发展主线与人员疏散主线各节点可靠性,并通过改进的火灾关联度法对“双主线”进行协调整合,确定各风险节点动态权重。结果表明:２条主线对于整体火灾风险相互独立又相互联系,“双主线”模型得到的火灾风险值更精确,有效解决传统火灾风险评估模型无法协调统一评价火灾发展与人员疏散的问题。研究结果为定量评估大型城市综合体火灾风险提供新的思路。     

Leadership of scientists and engineers: A three‐vector model

Existing models have not adequately accounted for the leadership of scientists and engineers engaged in creative work. In this Incubator, we present a model of creative leadership of scientists and engineers and argue that such leaders should possess expertise in three vectors. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Systems-based accident analysis methods: A comparison of Accimap, HFACS, and STAMP

Three accident causation models, each with their own associated approach to accident analysis, currently dominate the human factors literature. Although the models are in general agreement that accidents represent a complex, systems phenomenon, the subsequent analysis methods prescribed are very different. This paper presents a case study-based comparison of the three methods: Accimap, HFACS and STAMP. Each was used independently by separate analysts to analyse the recent Mangatepopo gorge tragedy in which six students and their teacher drowned while participating in a led gorge walking activity. The outputs were then compared and contrasted, revealing significant differences across the three methods. These differences are discussed in detail, and the implications for accident analysis are articulated. In conclusion, a modified version of the Accimap method, incorporating domain specific taxonomies of failure modes, is recommended for future accident analysis efforts.     

反应性液体紧急泄放面积设计进展

为防止反应失控造成爆炸事故,减少事故损失,在介绍模拟反应失控的实验装置ARC、VSP以及RSST等的基础上,针对不同的紧急泄放类型,如气相系统、蒸气系统和混合系统的紧急泄放研究进展,进行了分析论述,旨在发现解决反应失控紧急泄放问题的更好方法,从而为进一步研究反应失控的紧急泄放问题打下基础.     

危险化学品泄漏扩散模型的研究现状分析与比较

为了对危险化学品港口装卸过程中泄漏危险度进行量化评定,基于泄漏扩散模型提高港口的应急处理技术,对危险化学品泄漏扩散模型的研究现状从理论研究、试验研究、应用研究3方面进行深入分析。着重对高斯模型(Gaussian model),BM模型,Sutton模型,FEM3模型,箱及相似模型,P-G模型等模型从理论描述方法、适用对象和范围、计算精度和难易、参数选取等方面进行优缺点的对比研究,认为:由于危险化学品泄漏和扩散行为的复杂性,影响因素的多样性,使各类模型在具备一定的理论价值和现实意义的同时,还存在着参数选取不确定性、试验模拟差异性以及实际应用局限性的问题和不足,运用计算机技术完善试验结果数据库、改进数学仿真模型是其进一步研究发展的趋势。     

Design of Intelligent Fault Diagnostic System (FDS)

This research work presents useful framework and mechanism for integrated fault diagnostic system, or FDS. The proposed system is composed of three major subsystems: fault detection, root cause and consequence analyzer, and maintenance analyzer. Learning mechanisms are proposed to extract knowledge about deviations/failure modes from real time process and equipment monitoring data. Fault semantic network is proposed to represent failure modes and fault propagation models as integrated with process and equipment models. Qualitative rules are defined and associated with fault semantic networks for practical Actual maintenance findings are used to tune training data for more accurate fault detection and root cause and consequence analysis. Case study is used to illustrate the proposed idea.     

消防工程教育与课程体系探讨

在探讨消防工程科学研究领域的基础上 ,对消防工程教育目标及消防工程与其他学科的关系、消防工程师的基本职业技能以及消防工程学的课程体系进行了论述 ,并提出了新世纪里消防工程学进一步发展所面临的挑战。消防工程的科学研究领域主要包括火灾物理、火灾化学、建筑结构火灾特性、人与火灾的相互影响、火灾风险分析以及消防设计与管理等方面。消防工程教育的目标在于培养能够解决消防安全问题的工程师。能够进行火灾危险性分析、具备消防系统设计计算能力以及能够进行火灾风险综合分析是消防工程师的三大基本职业技能。由于消防问题的复杂性与跨学科性 ,消防工程作为一门新兴的交叉性学科 ,其发展和完善需要建立以科学原理和研究理论为基础的知识体系。