温州市区PM_(2.5)无机元素污染特征及来源分析

为探究温州市区大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)及其19种无机元素的污染特征和主要来源,分别于2015年1月、4月、7月以及10月(代表4个季度)在温州市区选取4个监测点位采集环境空气PM_(2.5)样品共112个,并利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)和原子荧光光度计(AFS)分析样品中19种无机元素的含量.结果表明,温州市区环境空气PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为83.6±50.2μg·m-3.温州市不同季节PM_(2.5)浓度最低的均为市站(SZ),春冬季南浦(NP)采样点PM_(2.5)浓度最高.19种无机元素占PM_(2.5)总量的9.90%.样品中主要元素为Na、K、Ca、Si、Zn、Al、Mg和Fe,占所测元素总量的96.7%.龙湾(LW)采样点PM_(2.5)中Fe、Al和Ca元素在多数季节里浓度较高,可能与采样点附近的机械阀门铸造企业和混凝土企业有关.本研究利用富集因子法和主成分分析法进行PM_(2.5)的初步来源分析,结果表明,温州市区PM_(2.5)污染主要来源于燃煤、交通污染、金属冶炼/加工、建筑扬尘和海盐粒子.     

广西热带亚热带典型森林岩溶区土壤-植物系统元素分布特征

对广西热带亚热带典型岩溶区土壤-植物系统13种元素分布特征及相关性进行了研究.结果表明:与非岩溶区植物相比,岩溶植物Ca、Al含量比较高,Na、Fe、Mn、Si、K、P的含量较低.植物体内元素的分布特点是:叶>茎>根;石灰土更易富集Fe、P、K、Cu、Zn和Co.大多数土壤元素含量随纬度的降低而降低,Fe和Zn表现较为明显,而Mn和Si在热带较中亚热带的更易淋失.土壤中与Fe元素明显相关的元素最多,包括Mn、Zn、Co、S、Al,其相关性分别为Mn> Al > Co > Zn > S,其中,Fe与Mn、S呈负相关,与Zn、Co、Al呈正相关;植物中的Na、Fe、Si、P、Al与土壤中对应的元素相关性显著,呈正相关关系,主要体现在土壤的A层;植物对大量元素的吸收强于对微量元素的吸收,其中,对Mn的吸收能力最强(8229.38%),主要集中在根部的Al(0.57%)和Fe(0.0049%)的吸收能力最小.     

青藏高原不同粒径大气颗粒物元素分析

为研究青藏高原大气颗粒物化学组成特征,利用Andersen分级撞击式采样器进行大气颗粒物分级采样,建立并优化HNO3+H2O2+HF混合酸密闭消解的体系,并结合电感耦合等离子体质谱分析其中21种元素.结果表明,Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Fe元素浓度分别为469.12、286.61、430.75、390.92、783.59 ng.m-3和1289.32 ng.m-3,占所测元素的97.8%.粒径分布显示,Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Sr、Ba在5.8—9.0μm粒径范围出现峰值;Co、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Cd、Tl、Pb在0.43—0.65μm和5.8—9.0μm粒径范围出现双峰.     

砖红壤磷的有效性研究

研究生长在两种不同母质的砖红壤上的作物的P营养与土壤有效P的关系，以及土壤有效P与Fe、Al、Mn等元素的关系。结果表明，玄武岩砖红壤的全P含量虽比浅海沉积物砖红壤高，但其有效P含量却不如后者高，生长在后种土壤上的香蕉、辣椒、桉树的P含量也高于生长在前种土壤上；玄武岩砖红壤的活性Fe、Al、Mn含量显著高于浅海沉积物砖红壤；同一种母质的土壤其有效P含量随土壤活性Si和交换性Ca、Mg的提高而增加；土壤中活性Fe、Al、Mn含量越高，土壤对磷的固定越强，土壤有效P含量越低。同时，植物体内Fe、Al、Mn含量的增加也抑制了植物对磷的吸收，使植株中P含量降低。     

北京市春季PM_(2.5)中金属元素污染特征及来源分析

PM_(2.5)是我国大部分城市大气环境中的首要污染物。PM_(2.5)中的金属元素尤其是重金属,其质量浓度超标会引发生态环境风险及人体健康风险。为了研究北京市春季大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素污染状况及其来源,于2015年5月同步采集了北京城区及郊区大气PM_(2.5)样品13份。用Elan DRC II型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测试了样品中的15种金属元素质量浓度,测试结果表明,Na和Ca占比最高,两元素质量浓度之和占元素总质量浓度的72.23%(城区)和71.96%(郊区);Mg、Al、Fe、K占比较高,这4种元素质量浓度之和占元素总质量浓度的25.84%(城区)和26.35%(郊区);北京城区PM_(2.5)中大部分元素质量浓度较郊区均有所下降,而Zn、Ni、Cu 3种重金属质量浓度表现为城区明显高于郊区。北京城区白天PM_(2.5)中大部分元素质量浓度较夜晚均有所下降,而Ba、Fe、Pb 3种重金属质量浓度表现为白天略高于夜晚。富集因子分析表明,2 0 1 5年春季北京PM_(2.5)中Fe、Al、K、Ba、Mn、Cr的EF值均在1~10之间,为轻度富集;Mg、Ca、Na、Cu、Pb的EF值均在10~100之间,为中度富集;Mo的EF值超过了1 000,为超富集。由Pearson相关分析、因子分析结果以及污染源排放的特征元素判断,北京春季PM_(2.5)中金属元素主要有三大来源,分别为地壳来源(土壤尘和建筑尘)、冶金源和机动车源。     

北京初冬季PM_(2.5)中无机元素与二次水溶性离子浓度特征

为研究北京城区初冬季大气颗粒物中水溶性二次无机离子及元素的组成特征,2016年11月,利用青岛明华MH-16型PM_(2.5)采样器在北京城区采样点进行大气颗粒物采样,样品采用离子色谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱分析.结果表明,NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+在观测期间平均浓度分别为20.5±11.4μg·m~(-3),13.4±12.1μg·m~(-3)和10.7±8.8μg·m~(-3),SNA(sulfate、nitrate、ammonium)总浓度为44.6±45.2μg·m~(-3).采样期间颗粒物中K、Fe、Na、Zn、Ca、Al、Mg及Pb元素的质量浓度比较高,占所分析元素总浓度的94.5%.采样期间Cr、Ni、Pb、Mn等元素的富集因子10,Zn、Cu、As、Mo等元素的EF值超过100.     

2020年冬季石河子市城区和工业区PM2.5中无机元素污染特征及来源

石河子市是位于新疆乌昌石区域中部的工业城市，2020年12月和2021年1月在石河子市城区和工业区共布设2个采样点，全天候采集细颗粒物(PM_2.5)样品61 d，利用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)对24种元素含量进行分析，并通过富集因子法(EF)解析PM_2.5中无机元素的污染特征及来源.结果表明，冬季采样期间，石河子市重度及以上污染天数占整个采样期的53.2%，以PM_2.5为首要污染物的污染天数占整个采样期的98.4%，采样期城区和工业区的PM_2.5日均值分别为164.7μg·m^-3和113.6μg·m^-3，表明石河子市冬季PM_2.5污染严重；采样期城区和工业区PM_2.5中无机元素浓度分别为4.4μg·m^-3和3.6μg·m^-3，主要成分均为K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al、Fe,6种元素之和在城区和工业区元素中的占比分别为97.4%和97.5%，表明这6种元素为城区和...     

贵州喀斯特山区植物营养元素含量特征

贵州喀斯特山区是我国乃至世界喀斯特分布面积最大的片区之一,由于其生态系统的脆弱性,加之人类活动的干扰,使得该区的植被退化较为严重。文章选择该区的12种主要植物作为研究对象,对其营养元素进行了研究。结果表明:>1000μg·g-1的元素有N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S,100～1000μg·g-1的元素有Fe、Mn、Al,10～100μg·g-1的元素有Zn、Sr,<10μg·g-1的元素为Cu、Mo,其中Mo含量最低,仅为0.17μg·g-1。这些元素中,Ca、P、K元素高于所报道的陆生植物的含量范围。元素含量特点是Ca>K>Mg型。N、P、K、Mg元素的频数分布为正态分布,Ca、Al、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sr、S元素为对数正态分布。变异系数大于100%的元素有Al、Fe、Mn、Sr,变异系数小于60%的元素有N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Cu,其中Ca的变异系数最小,仅为11.8%。不同生境下相同植物的营养元素含量有较大的差异,石灰土上植物的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Al、Cu、Mo元素含量要高于黄壤上植物的。元素间的相关分析表明:P和K、P和Cu、Al和Fe、Al和Zn、Fe和Zn元素具有显著相关关系;N和P、P和Mg、K和Al、K和Cu、Ca和Sr、S和Mo元素具有一般相关关系。     

新疆博尔塔拉河湖流域土壤元素空间变异性及其影响因素

中国西北干旱区是典型的温带大陆性干旱气候区,随着人口增多、工农业的迅速发展,人类活动产生的污染物日愈增多,区域土壤环境安全受到威胁。为了解西北干旱区典型河湖流域表层土壤元素的空间变异性,利用经典统计学及地统计分析对博尔塔拉河湖流域地表40个采样点土壤样品中19种元素的空间变异特征及其影响因素进行分析,并通过富集系数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对重金属潜在生态风险进行评价。博尔塔拉河流域表层土壤样品中Ba、Mn、V、Pb、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu等元素含量平均值均低于新疆表层土壤元素背景值,其他元素含量平均值均偏高。通过系统聚类分析,可将19种元素分为二组:第一组元素主要包括Al、K、Be、Fe、Co、Cr、Mn、V、Ti、Ba、P、Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni等元素,其中Al、K、Be、Fe、Co、Cr、Mn、V、Ti、Ba等元素为第一亚组,元素P单独为第二亚组,重金属Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni为第3亚组;第2组元素为Ca、Sr、Mg和Na,其中,Ca、Sr、Mg等表生环境中地球化学性质较为活跃的元素为第四亚组,Na单独为第五亚组。地统计学分析表明,Al、Fe、K、Ti、Ba、Be、Mn、V、Ti、Ba等稳定性元素表现为中等或较强的空间自相关。元素P和重金属元素Zn、Pb、Ni、Cu由于受到局部随机因素如耕作施肥、交通、工农业生产等小尺度因素影响,空间结构较为复杂,但整体上还没有破坏区域原有的空间格局。Ca、Mg、Sr在表生环境中地球化学活性较强,除受区域整体自然环境的控制外,还容易受人为耕作、径流等因素的影响导致空间结构性较差。Na由于受到区域自然环境变化和人为耕作的影响,空间结构性较差。最后通过富集系数计算得出研究区Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V和Zn等7种重金属的富集系数平均值均低于1.5,表明虽然受到人为活动影响,但富集程度较低。Hakanson潜在生态风险指数分析表明,7种重金属的riE值范围在0.8~25.7之间,平均值均小于5,为轻微污染风险。综合生态风险指数RI值表明博河流域表层土壤中重金属总体处于轻微污染风险水平,但局部采样点仍然存在中等生态风险程度。     

忻州市市区大气颗粒物中的元素组成特征

采集忻州市市区冬季和夏季总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,测定其中Na、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb等18种元素含量,并对元素的浓度水平、时空分布特征和重金属的潜在生态风险以及元素的主要来源进行了研究.结果表明,忻州市TSP和PM10中18种元素平均浓度分别为47662.2 ng·m-3和17546.4 ng·m-3,重金属的生态危害在TSP中由高到低依次为CdCuCoPbAsCrZnNiMn,在PM10中为CdCuPbCoZnCrAsNiMn,且PM10比TSP具有更强的生态危害性.富集因子和主因子分析法表明,忻州市PM10中元素的主要排放源包括:煤烟尘和工业粉尘、土壤风沙尘、建筑水泥尘和汽车尾气,贡献率分别为56.30%、23.88%、19.78%.     

Cluster analysis of inorganic elements in particulate matter in the air environment of an equatorial urban coastal location

Concentrations of nine inorganic elements (Na, Zn, Ca, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cd and Al) in particulate matter (PM₁₀) in the air of an equatorial urban coastal location during 2009 were studied during summer and winter monsoon seasons using high-volume sampling techniques. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to analyse the samples. The concentrations of most inorganic elements were higher during summer than winter, except for Cu and Zn. The main inorganic elements in PM₁₀ are Na, Zn and Ca. High concentrations of Na and Ca are due to marine aerosols. Analysis of enrichment factors showed that inorganic elements are from non-crustal sources. Cluster analysis identified five clusters in the summer and six in the winter: (1) PM₁₀–Ni, (2) Zn–Na, (3) Fe–Cu–Ca–Cd, (4) Mn and (5) Al for summer; and (1) PM₁₀, (2) Zn, (3) Fe–Ni, (4) Cu–Ca–Na–Cd, (5) Mn and (6) Al for winter. Combining both correlation and cluster analysis, it was found that Fe–Cu–Cd was from industry/vehicle emissions, Zn was from resuspended soil, Mn was from metallurgical processes, Ni was from a nearby power plant and Al was from crustal sources. Inorganic element concentrations could be a good indicator of local sources of PM₁₀.     

Determination of metal accumulation in deposited street dusts in Amman, Jordan

Street dust samples (120 in total) were collected under stable weather conditions during the hot, dry season (August and September) of 2004 from six different localities (industrial, heavy traffic, medium traffic, light traffic, low traffic and rural) in greater Amman, the capital of Jordan. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni in the dusts were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The high concentrations of Pb, Fe and Zn in the street dust samples were related to both anthropogenic (industrial sources combined with traffic sources) and natural sources. Surprisingly, the concentrations of Cd in the dusts were low. Correlation coefficient analysis and principle component analysis identified three main sources of these elements and the corresponding distributions. The elements Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu and Ni were mainly derived from industrial sources, with Pb and Zn additionally derived from traffic sources. The street dusts were found to have highly elevated levels of Zn, particularly along the main trunk roads, indicating that the Zn in the street dusts may be derived from traffic sources, especially vehicle tyres. The concentrations of metals in the different street dust samples were found to vary depending on the density of traffic.     

Chemical composition of plant silica phytoliths

Silica phytoliths are a subgroup of biogenic opal. Silica phytoliths are formed in many plant species and remain preserved in soil and sediments after plant decay. The chemical composition of fossil phytoliths may reveal ancient plant taxa, soil composition and climate. However, actually detailed knowledge on silica phytolith composition is scarce. Here we present result of instrumental neutron activation analysis of barley awns, stems and leaves, and barley phytoliths. The elements of interest were Na, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Th, and U. We compared three phytolith extraction methods: dry ashing, acid digestion, and acid digestion followed by incineration. We found that sole acid digestion is inefficient to remove organic matter. By contrast both dry ashing and acid digestion followed by incineration are suitable for phytolith analysis. Comparison of phytoliths with their source plant material shows that phytoliths are enriched in terrigenous elements such as Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cs, Fe, rare earth elements, and depleted in the major inorganic constituents of plants such as K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cl and Br.     

Trace element atmospheric pollution in South Albania studied by the moss technique and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Monitoring hazardous air pollutants is needed for understanding their spatial and temporal distribution and ultimately to minimize their harmful effects. For the first time, the moss biomonitoring technique has been applied to air pollution monitoring in South Albania. Moss samples were collected during the period of September–October 2010, and were analyzed for total concentration of the elements Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry. Geographical distribution maps of the elements over the sampled territory were constructed using geographic information systems technology. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to distinguish elements mainly of anthropogenic origin from those predominantly originating from natural sources. Four factors were identified: Factor 1 reflects wind-blown mineral particles or local emissions from industry (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Zn); Factor 2 is related to long-range atmospheric transport of elements or local emissions from industry (Cd, Pb); Factor 3 (Na, Mg) and Factor 4 (K) reflect the natural origin of elements as crustal, marine, and vegetation components.     

Löwenzahn Taraxacum officinale Web. als (städtischer) Bioindikator

Investigations of the dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Web. in Poland, Romania and Germany showed that the species concentrates various elements dependent on the intensity of the pollutants. In this study, we followed up the question of whether T. officinale enriches pollutants by the atmospheric deposition on the leaves or via the soil. Therefore, samples from at least 10 plants and a soil sample at 57 sample sites were collected from a grid of 500 m × 500 m. In addition to the analysis of the total soil sample, the (mobile) ion pool of the soil (DIN V 19739) was analysed. The elements Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Rb, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, and Zn were determined through the use of spectrometry with inductive coupled plasma (ICP-MS and ICP-OES). The results are compared with the element concentrations of washed and unwashed leaf samples in T. officinale. We could only find two direct correlations (Ti and Zn) between the element content, of the entire soil samples, but 14 correlations (As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Ga, K, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Rb, Ti, Tl und Zn) between the ion pool of the soil and the washed samples. The grid point data interpolation by ArcInfo showed a similar distribution pattern for the unwashed leaf elements Al, Ce, Fe, Ti and V (r≥0.75). The elements Al, Ce, Fe, Ti, and V are washed out at the same ratio. Thus, although the concentration of these elements were significantly reduced by the washing procedure, the correlations were not influenced. The admissibility of the grid point data interpolation for a distribution map of the town area was investigated, as well. It is shown that the element content varies with the land use (meadow, field, rural areas), the sampling point and the local pollutants. However, none of the discussed elements, Al, Ce, Fe, Ti, and V, is significantly influenced by the land use. The data allows one to make the conclusion that the elements of Al, Ce, Fe, Ti and V are dependent on the dry and wet deposition on the leaves of T. officinale. These elements are taken up not only by the roots, but also by the surface of the leaves. This is evident because there is no correlation between one of these elements in the leaves and the ion pool of the soil.     

An exploratory study with the proton microprobe of the ontogenetic distribution of 16 elements in the shell of living oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Study of the chemical composition of shell of exoskeletonous organisms in the past has required the sacrifice of the organism. Because the beam of the proton microprobe is relatively nondestructive and analyzes the surface layer of the shell, organisms do not have to be killed. The present paper presents results of a preliminary experiment in which distribution of elements (Na to Sr) in shell of living juvenile oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), was studied in situ with a proton microprobe at monthly intervals for four months. The relative concentration of 16 elements was measured in the newly deposited prismatic edge of the right valve of three oysters reared in controlled laboratory conditions. Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, and Sr were detected in concentrations as low as a few parts per million relative to the concentration of standards added to pure CaCO₃. Concentration of elements varied nominally among shells of the three individual oysters and in their successive ontogenetic stages. Fluctuations in concentration of Na, Mg, S, Cl, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were generally similar in the two normally growing oysters, but differed from those in the oyster that stopped growing. Trends in concentration of Al, Si, and Sr were similar in the three oysters: those of Br were variable. Relative concentrations of Na, Cl, S, Mn, Fe, and Zn increased slightly with age of oysters, that of the other elements stayed relatively constant. Concentration of most elements was higher in shell than in seawater. Variable concentrations, especially of Na, Cl, and Si in valve edges, tend to support the hypothesis of earlier workers that separate mineral phases are present as impurities entrapped within the shell during calcification.     

Determination of trace elements in total suspended particles at the Southwest of Mexico City from 2003 to 2004

The purpose of the present study is to describe the relationships of eight elements analysed in total suspended particles collected in Mexico City, during 2003 and 2004. Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and V were analysed in to the atmospheric samples and the results were treated by Principal Components Analysis and Cluster Analysis trying to identify the possible sources of aerosols in the sampling site. Factor analysis calculations allowed the elements classification, related to their source on oil combustion, crustal and urban dust, smelting industries and motor vehicle emissions. A further statistical analysis of chemical results from the atmospheric samples was also performed, in order to see what environmental concentrations of those elements have been affected by industrial and mining activities. The eight elements analysed were arranged into two groups that presents high and positive Pearson r values suggesting common emission sources.     

不同地区何首乌无机元素含量的比较

采用ICP法测定了不同地区何首乌植物及其生境土壤中的15种元素(Al、B、Ba、Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、P、Sr、Ti、Zn),分析比较了各种元素在不同地区何首乌体内和生境土壤中的分布规律及不同地区何首乌对无机元素的吸收富集能力.结果表明,不同地区何首乌和土壤中无机元素含量存在着显著差异,德庆、井冈山、靖西三地何首乌的Mn含量较高;不同地区何首乌对元素的富集系数无显著性差异,而何首乌对不同无机元素的富集系数则有显著差异,主要表现在对Ca、K、Mg、Sr的吸收富集能力较强.表6参14     

Characterization,heavy metal content and health risk assessment of urban road dusts from the historic center of the city of Thessaloniki,Greece

In the present study, an investigation of the mineralogy and morphology, the heavy metal content and the health risk of urban road dusts from the second largest city of Greece was conducted. For this reason road dust samples from selected sites within the city core area were collected. No differences were observed in the mineralogy of road dusts coming from different sampling sites, and they were mainly consisted of quartz and calcite, while an elevated amorphous content was detected. Morphologically road dusts presented Ca-rich, Fe-rich and silicates particles with various shapes and sizes. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in road dust were 1.76, 104.9, 662.3, 336.4, 89.43, 209 and 452.8 μg g^?1, respectively. A series of spatial distribution patterns revealed that the hotspot areas were tended to associate with major road junctions and regions with high traffic. Combination of pollution indexes and statistical analyses (correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis) revealed that road dusts have a severe influence by anthropogenic activities. In attempt to identify the source of metals through geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses, it was concluded as follows: Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn mainly originated from tire/break wear and vehicle abrasions, while Cd, Mn and Pb were mainly related to fuel/oil leakage from automobiles along with oil lubricants and vehicle abrasion. Hazard quotient values for children based on total metal concentrations for the road dust ingestion route were lower than safe level (=1). However, the fact that the Hazard Index value for Pb (0.459) which is a particularly toxic metal, was close to safe level, renders essential further investigation in order to provide more reliable characterizations of potential health risks.     

湿地挺水植物根际金属离子的分布及界面扩散通量

挺水植物作为湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,其根系的生长发育过程影响其环境功能的发挥及其根土和水土界面环境生物地球化学过程。界面的氧化还原异质环境是金属离子发生扩散、沉淀和溶解以及吸附和解析等许多瞬时过程的重要场所,这些过程对金属离子在固相和水相的分配起着重要的作用。获取金属离子赋存特征和定量评估大型挺水植物生长对其界面行为的影响,是了解金属离子在界面环境生物地球化学过程的关键环节。利用高分辨率沉积物原位间隙水采样技术（Pore Water Equilibrators,Peeper）获得芦苇、香蒲和茭草3种挺水植物根际与非根际溶液中Al3＋、Fe3＋、Mn2＋和Ca2＋的剖面分布特征,并利用Fick第一定律定量估算它们在沉积物-水界面的扩散通量。结果表明：湿地沉积物孔隙水中Al3＋、Fe3＋、Mn2＋和Ca2＋的含量较上覆水存在着明显的富集现象。其中Fe3＋、Mn2＋分布受大型挺水植物影响最为显著,且随沉积物深度增加,富集效应有进一步加剧趋势。从剖面垂向分布来看,Al3＋含量的峰值靠近沉积物的表层,而Fe3＋、Ca2＋和Mn2＋含量峰值出现位置相对较深存在于沉积物中下层。与无植被的对照区域相比,4种金属离子含量在植物根区附近显著升高（P〈0.05）,其中Al3＋、Fe3＋和Ca2＋受芦苇生长过程影响最为明显,其在根际孔隙水中峰值含量达18.3、513和5408μmol·L-1,较对照分别增加了6.0、2.5及25.8倍,芦苇根际效应显著高于香蒲和茭草。多重比较分析结果显示,Mn2＋在根区的分布受茭草影响最大,在根区孔隙水中浓度为21~97μmol·L-1较对照区的1.1~52.5μmol·L-1,平均浓度增加65%。受植物根区环境的影响,Fe3＋和Ca2＋在植物根区释放速率明显加快,其中茭草根区释放速率分别为（35.38±3.05）和（240.18±20.71）μmol·m-2·d-1较对照区增加10倍;另外湿地植物存在直接导