垃圾焚烧发电锅炉的内部检验

<正>城市生活垃圾处理的主要方法有填埋、堆肥和焚烧3种。随着我国城市化进程的加速,焚烧法处理生活垃圾,以其占地少、见效快、无害化程度高、能够利用热能等特点,正在国内得到越来越广泛的应用。目前,我国已有28个省、自治区和直辖市建成了约140座垃圾焚烧发电厂。对该类锅炉进行定期的内部检验,确保其长期安     

如何提高层燃工业锅炉热能利用率

通过对影响锅炉热能利用率的各种因素分析,提出提高锅炉热能利用率的综合改进措施。     

国外生活垃圾焚烧技术发展最新趋势

传统的生活垃圾焚烧发电厂热一电转换效率低于小型热力发电厂。采用燃气一蒸汽联合循环发电系统,利用燃气轮机排气余热,在锅炉外部布置蒸汽过热器;建立再热循环系统提高发电工质参数;将垃圾焚烧厂和燃气轮机发电厂一体化建设等方式,垃圾焚烧电厂热效率可从目前的22％～23％提高至26％～46％,从而大大提高其热一电转换效率和经济效益。垃圾焚烧发电技术正从传统的WTE（waste to energy）形式向EFW（energy from waste）形式转变。     

工业锅炉水处理存在的问题及建议

锅炉是一种常见的热能动力设备,在生产、生活中发挥着重要的作用,但锅炉的工作环境特殊,常年高温高压的工作状态,易存在安全隐患。而锅炉水处理是保证锅炉安全运行的重要措施,同时对提高热传递效率和燃料利用率具有重要意义。文章通过对莆田市工业锅炉水处理现状进行分析,总结了目前存在的诸如水质差、水处理设备使用率低及冷凝水回用低等五个主要的问题,并从加大节能宣传、提高水处理人员技术水平及冷凝水净化回收等方面提出了可行性建议。     

600t／d生活垃圾焚烧锅炉整套启动调试

福州红庙岭垃圾焚烧发电厂,是采用德国马丁公司SITY2000垃圾焚烧发电技术和半干式烟气净化处理技术,日处理城市生活垃圾1200t,配置2台600t／d的垃圾焚烧炉,利用余热发电,发电机装机容量为2台12MW机组．在生活垃圾焚烧锅炉整套启动调试中,由于采取了调试条件控制和调试过程控制,优化了整套启动调试方案,确保两台机组顺利通过连续72h＋24h满负荷并网发电。     

垃圾渗滤液特性分析及Fenton预处理研究

利用Fenton—混凝沉淀法预处理广西某垃圾焚烧发电厂和垃圾填埋场的垃圾渗滤液,对Fenton试剂以及混凝沉淀进行了单因素分析,分别研究了垃圾渗滤液在不同的n[Fe2+]/n[H2O2]、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、pH值、反应时间、PAC投加量等条件下的处理效果。结果表明:垃圾渗滤液经Fenton—混凝预处理,对COD、色度、SS处理效果好,对NH3—N去除效果不明显;渗滤液的可生化性有所提高,可进行后续生化处理。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气净化系统改造工程的探索与实践

本文介绍了某垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气净化系统改造工程中,通过对烟气净化处理方式及过程分析,进一步优化、细化烟气净化处理工艺和合理配置,提高了烟气净化处理效率,降低了该改造工程投资成本,解决了日常生产中烟气净化系统Ca（OH）2粉与活性炭等原料高耗量问题,降低了垃圾焚烧发电厂日常运营成本。     

某热能有限公司SZL15-1．25-AⅡ锅炉酸性腐蚀原因分析

某热能有限公司SZL15-1．25-AⅡ锅炉在安装运行后4个月就发生整体减薄,通过检验对锅炉减薄原因进行分析,得出结论：SZL15-1．25-AⅡ锅炉由于运行过程中因水质管理工作不善,H离子交换器直接作为锅炉的给水,造成锅炉长期在酸性水状况下运行,致使锅炉严重酸性腐蚀;并针对上述问题提出预防措施,为今后锅炉的安全运行提供了有益帮助。     

半干法烟气净化工艺在垃圾焚烧发电厂的应用

垃圾焚烧技术具有垃圾处理彻底,可回收热能及废金属等优点得到了广泛的应用.介绍了垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气的特点及主要参数,烟气净化处理工艺,着重对喷雾反应除酸塔、石灰浆制作系统、活性炭喷射系统、脉冲袋式除尘器等设备进行了介绍,并提出了系统设计要点.     

桐乡市工业锅炉节能减排技术初探

随着我国经济的快速增长．桐乡市锅炉的数量也在急速增长。因桐乡的产业结构以纺织、印染为主附加值较低．燃煤锅炉占了工业锅炉总容量的90％左右,燃油、燃气锅炉仅占10％左右,而生物质、垃圾、电热占比极小,目前燃煤锅炉大都分布在城区内及城市周边,由于烧的都是含硫量高的劣质煤。因工业锅炉无脱硫装置,加上操作等因素,冒黑烟、硫污染等直接影响了城市及周边的空气质量。如何提高锅炉效率,     

Multizonal thermochemical modelling of heavy metal transfer in incineration plants

Heavy metals enter an incineration plant as trace components in the fuel and are inhomogeneously distributed into the ash streams exiting the plant. Their concentration in the respective ash streams mainly depends on their chemical properties, especially on their volatility. Several authors already modelled the chemical state within an incinerator by one single thermochemical equilibrium calculation and achieved qualitative characterization of the heavy metals’ behavior.In the work at hand, a multizonal thermochemical process model of an incineration plant is developed. The chemical reactions within the incinerator are modelled as a sequence of thermochemical equilibria. Reaction kinetic as well as mass transport related inhibitions are accounted for by choosing a proper model structure.Test calculations for a waste and a biomass fired incinerator show that the model is capable of simulating the distribution of As, Cd, and Sn into the ash streams with better quantitative accuracy compared to the abovementioned single-equilibrium approach. The distribution of Cu and Pb is found to be closely coupled to the volatility of Cl on the grate.     

一种新型热管固体除湿系统的设计与应用分析

目前的除湿系统大多单一,除湿效率不高,能源的利用率也相对较低。研究了一种热管与吸收式制冷的新型固体吸附除湿系统,提高了除湿效率和能源利用率。采用吸收式制冷对除湿过程中产生的吸附热进行降温,从而有效地提高吸附剂的除湿效率。吸收式制冷利用工厂余热和废热等低品位热源,对能源的利用范围很广。设计的系统是一种传热效率高、节能、除湿效率高的新型固体吸附除湿系统。     

基于地聚合反应的生活垃圾焚烧飞灰资源化利用实验研究

为了实现对城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的资源化利用,本实验以城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰为原材料,通过碱激发法制备出力学性能优异的地聚合物固化体.当碱激发剂的模数为1.0,垃圾焚烧飞灰含量为60％,碱激发剂和固体质量比为1:1.2时垃圾焚烧飞灰基地聚合物的抗压强度最佳.XRD分析结果表明所制备的地聚合物中存在少量碳酸钙和沸石结晶相,S...     

LFX-20型逆燃式医疗废物焚烧炉二恶英实测分析

概述我国目前医疗废物焚烧处置中的主要炉型,着重介绍LFX-20型逆燃式焚烧炉焚烧处置医疗废物的实际运行工况。在1燃室、2燃室平均温度分别为869.5℃和898.7℃条件下,对医疗废物焚烧烟气进行检测。各项常规指标均低于国标限值,二恶英检测中其质量浓度实测值为15ng/m3,相应毒性当量为0.46ngTEQ/m3,同时对医疗废物焚烧后产生烟气中二恶英和灰渣的检测结果进行了分析,焚烧后底渣体积约为焚烧前医疗废物体积的1/10,重量为原来的12%～18%,飞灰热灼减率为34.6%,并给出分析结果。     

西安市城市生活垃圾无害化综合处理工艺

对西安市城市生活垃圾无害化综合处理厂的工艺选择进行了探讨,指出了西安市城市生活垃圾无害化综合处理厂在前分选、发酵堆肥、后分选、焚烧、有机复混肥生产、建材生产等工艺选择时所考虑的各种因素,为其他城市生活垃圾的处理工艺选择提供参考。     

Process analysis of an industrial waste-to-energy plant: Theory and experiments

Thermal conversion is fundamental in an integrated waste management system due to the capability of reducing mass and volume of waste and recovering energy content from unrecyclable materials. Indeed, power generation from industrial solid wastes (ISW) is a topic of great interest for its appeal in the field of renewable energy production as well as for an increasing public concern related to its emissions. This paper is based on the process engineering and optimization analysis, commissioned to the University Campus-Biomedico of Rome by the MIDA Tecnologie Ambientali S.r.l. enterprise, ended up in the construction of an ISW thermo-conversion plant in Crotone (Southern Italy), where it is nowadays operating. The scientific approach to the process analysis is founded on a novel cascade numerical simulation of each plant section and it has been used initially in the process design step and after to simulate the performances of the industrial plant. In this paper, the plant process scheme is described together with the values of main operating parameters monitored during the experimental test runs. The thermodynamic and kinetic basics of the mathematical model for the simulation of the energy recovery and flue gas treatment sections are presented. Moreover, the simulation results, together with the implemented parameters, are given and compared to the experimental data for 10 specific plant test runs. It was found that the model is capable to predict the process performances in the energy production as well as in the gas treatment sections with high accuracy by knowing a set of measurable input variables. In the paper fundamental plant variables have been considered such as steam temperature, steam flow rate, power generated as well as temperature, flow rate and composition of the resulting flue gas; therefore, the mathematical model can be simply implemented as a reliable and efficient tool for management optimization of this kind of plants.     

半干半湿法烟气脱硫技术的原理及应用研究

半干半湿法烟气脱硫技术利用蒸气激活粉煤灰中的碱性物质,以及水蒸气与石灰反应生成的强碱性的消石灰,降低了石灰的使用量.脱硫灰在蒸气输送过程中,CaSO3被携带的空气氧化生成CaSO4.由于采用高盐锅炉废水进行增湿,提高了SO2与脱硫剂的反应速度与效率.本文通过对脱硫机理的讨论,研究了该技术的工艺特点.在CaO和SO2的物质的量比值小于1的条件下,SO2去除率达80%以上.这项技术不但适用于锅炉烟气脱硫处理,还可用于垃圾焚烧炉的烟气脱酸净化.     

污泥掺烧对焚烧后固体废物污染物排放的影响

在佛山某生活垃圾焚烧发电厂开展生活垃圾掺烧市政污泥工业试验,分析5%、10%、15%的市政污泥掺烧对电厂焚烧后固体废物中重金属和二噁英排放的影响。结果表明,掺烧污泥使Cd在飞灰中的分布提高了40%以上,但其他重金属的分布特征仍主要受各自沸点的影响。焚烧固废中重金属含量受污泥的引入影响普遍不显著,飞灰中Cu浸出质量浓度上升20%,Ni、Pb、Hg、Cr的浸出质量浓度波动下降;炉渣中重金属浸出质量浓度波动较大。焚烧飞灰中总二噁英含量与污泥掺烧比例成负相关,且与投料中的Cl质量分数成正相关,与S质量分数成负相关。因此,低于15%的污泥掺烧比例不会显著提升焚烧固废中污染物排放浓度。     

典型三床RTO设备燃爆危险性数值模拟研究*

为研究苯、甲苯、二甲苯混合废气在三床蓄热式废气焚烧炉内部的燃烧过程,基于FLUENT软件建立典型的三床蓄热式废气焚烧炉的物理模型和数值模型,重点分析进气风量和混合可燃气体-空气摩尔占比对其内部压力变化规律的影响,以期可为其安全设计提供借鉴。研究结果表明:燃烧室内的温度变化与燃烧速度变化保持一致,可通过监测RTO燃烧室内的温度来定性评估气体燃烧速度,随着进气风量的增加,混合废气燃烧速度先升高后下降后再升高;从能源损耗和安全生产2个方面综合考虑,得出RTO运行的最佳进气风量为15 000 m3/h到30 000 m3/h,最佳的混合可燃气体-空气摩尔占比为0.15~0.2,这与RTO实际工况相符合,解释RTO装置内废气积聚导致爆炸事故的原因,燃烧过程中压力出现2次峰值超压,实际生产中需在2个时间节点多加防范。     

Modelling and simulation of an existing MSWI flue gas two-stage dry treatment

Power generation from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is in widespread use as a technology for solid waste treatment and energy recovery. One of the main environmental issues posed by MSWI plants is the continuous emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. Among flue gas components, acid gases are of particular concern due to their high potential impact on the environment. The two-stage dry treatment is among the Best Available Technologies for an enhanced removal efficiency of acid gases. In the first stage the removal process is based on the reaction of acid gases with solid calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), while in the second stage removal is obtained by reaction with sodium bicarbonate. In the present study, design and process data from an existing Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator, where a flue gas two-stage treatment is adopted, were used to test a previously developed operational model. The model was implemented in a simulation software to describe both design and process conditions, taking also into account the recycle rate of solid products and unreacted calcium hydroxide in the first stage. Simulations were carried out with the aim of optimizing both reactant feed rates and amounts of solid wastes formed in the acid gas removal process.