四种豆科牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱的响应及抗旱性评价

牧草种子在萌发和幼苗生长期对逆境的适应能力是决定干旱区草地种群分布及延续的关键因素,对牧草种子抗旱性的综合评价,可为干旱、半干旱地区草地补播、人工草地建植和矿山植被恢复进行水分调控及苗期养护等提供支持。采用不同渗透势聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)溶液梯度(0~-1.2 MPa)模拟干旱条件,选择鄂尔多斯干旱草原区补播或建植常用的4种豆科牧草:狭叶锦鸡儿(Caragana stenophylla Pojark.)、黄花草木樨(Melilotus suavelens Ledeb.)、内蒙准格尔苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Neimeng Zhungeer)和沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens Pall.cv.Shadawang),研究其种子萌发和幼苗生长特性对模拟干旱的响应及抗旱性评价。结果表明,轻微干旱(-0.05~-0.2 MPa)对4种牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长均有促进作用,除内蒙准格尔苜蓿外,干旱均促进其他3种牧草幼根生长及根苗比的增加;中度干旱条件下(-0.4~-0.6 MPa),狭叶锦鸡儿和沙打旺种子的相对活力指数较高,但前者的萌发抗旱指数最差;在重度干旱条件(≤-0.8 MPa)下,内蒙准格尔苜蓿萌发期各指标相对值均最高。运用模糊数学隶属函数法综合评价,4种牧草种子萌发期抗旱性强弱排序为:内蒙准格尔苜蓿沙打旺黄花草木樨狭叶锦鸡儿。幼苗生长期:黄花草木樨内蒙准格尔苜蓿狭叶锦鸡儿沙打旺。总体评价为:黄花草木樨内蒙准格尔苜蓿沙打旺狭叶锦鸡儿。     

小麦TaMyb2基因转化拟南芥表达载体的构建与遗传转化

采用双酶切方法构建了小麦TaMyb2基因转化拟南芥表达载体pCHF3-35Sp-TaMyb2-I-NOSter和pCHF3-35Sp-TaMyb2-Ⅱ-NOSter.并通过农杆菌GV3101介导,用渗透法将TaMyb2-Ⅰ和TaMyb2-Ⅱ基因转入拟南芥中.结果表明,TaMyb2-Ⅰ、TaMyb2-Ⅱ和表达载体pCHF3分别被KpnⅠ和PstⅠ成功酶切为837 bp、840 bp和10.4 kb的目标条带;分别将pCHF3-35Sp-TaMyb2-Ⅰ-NOSter和pCHF3-35Sp-TaMyb2-Ⅱ-NOSter转入农杆菌GV3101中,在提取的农杆菌质粒DNA中分别扩增出了837 bp和840 bp目标条带,说明可用于拟南芥的转化;在含Kan(50 mg/L)的1/2 MS培养基上筛选转基因当代拟南芥植株的种子(T0),获得了T1代抗性植株,转化率约为0.1%.     

龙眼BRI1基因家族的全基因组鉴定及光照响应表达

为了解龙眼BRI1基因家族的生物学功能及响应光照机制,对其BRI1基因成员鉴定、基因结构、蛋白保守结构域、启动子顺式作用元件、互作miRNA预测、不同体胚发生阶段和不同组织器官的FPKM值及其响应光照表达模式等进行分析.结果表明:DlBRI1基因家族包含4个成员,分别命名为DlBRI1-1、DlBRI1-2a、DlBRI1-2b和DlBRI1-3.DlBRI1是一种无内含子基因,无内含子基因在转录的过程中不需要经历内含子的剪切步骤,是响应外界因素的一种快速应答基因.龙眼BRI1蛋白家族为植物富亮氨酸重复类受体蛋白激酶的一种,其在植物激素信号转导和非生物胁迫中具有重要调控作用.龙眼BRI1四个家族成员启动子均含有大量的光响应元件、激素应答元件、非生物胁迫响应元件,表明龙眼BRI1家族基因可能是连接光信号转导与激素信号转导的重要纽带. DlBRI1-3为miR390e的靶基因. FPKM值分析表明,DlBRI1-1和DlBRI1-3在体胚发生过程和不同组织部位中均呈现高表达,推测DlBRI1-1和DlBRI1-3可能在龙眼整个生长发育过程中起到更为关键的作用.荧光定量PCR结果推测,蓝光信号使得miR390的表达量显著减少,导致靶基因BRI1-3的表达量增加,从而影响油菜素内脂从属基因BZR1、转录因子PIF4,进而影响龙眼功能性代谢产物积累.本研究表明DlBRI1具有功能多样性,可能在龙眼响应光信号、激素信号、非生物胁迫及代谢调控中发挥作用.(图8表3参46)     

诺氟沙星的氯化反应及其遗传毒性的变化

分别以诺氟沙星初始浓度为10μg·1-1和25 mg·1-1进行氯化消毒实验,用HPLC和SCS/umu遗传毒性测试方法,分别测定不同氯化消毒反应时间后残留诺氟沙星的浓度和遗传毒性,反应速度常数分别为0.0243 min-1和0.0226 min-1;在高浓度反应组,反应45 min后反应液的遗传毒性效应有明显的提高,其EC50为131 nmo·1-1,低于反应前的EC50(181 nmol·1-1),表明在反应过程中生成了遗传毒性高于母体的中间产物.     

长柄石杉居群遗传多样性和遗传结构的AFLP分析

石杉科植物因所含石杉碱甲(Huperzine A)对中老年痴呆等具有良好疗效,近年来倍受关注.利用AFLP分子标记对武夷山脉广布种长柄石杉[Huperzia serrata(Thunb.ex Murray)Trev.var.longipetiolata(Spring)H.M.Chang]7个居群112株个体进行遗传多样性和居群遗传结构分析.选用多态性高、分辨力强的8对选择性扩增引物组合共获得675个位点,其中多态位点比例为69.38%.居群内观测等位基因数(Na)为1.633,有效等位基因数(Ne)1.493;Nei’s基因多样性指数(He)与Shannon多态性信息指数(I)的平均值分别为0.272和0.392,多样性最高为地处武夷山脉中段的泰宁居群和建宁居群,最低为山脉北段的光泽居群.居群总基因多样性(Ht)为0.327 3,居群内基因多样性(Hs)为0.272 2,居群间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.168 1,表明居群内变异是长柄石杉遗传多样性的主要来源.由Gst估计,武夷山脉长柄石杉自然居群的基因流(Nm)为2.474 0.邻接树分析表明居群间遗传亲缘关系与地理位置相关.武夷山脉长柄石杉较高的遗传多样性和基因流水平表明其仍然具有相当的适应(生存)能力和进化潜力,这可能与其生物学(异交水平)、生态学特性及武夷山脉相对良好的生境条件有关.     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌ES2-4的生防潜力及全基因组分析

葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）引起的苹果轮纹病易对苹果贮藏造成严重经济损失.从果园土壤中分离到一株细菌ES2-4,平板对峙试验显示其对葡萄座腔菌的抑制率为79.5%（扫描电镜观察到菌丝畸形）,其无菌发酵滤液处理苹果果实亦可显著抑制苹果轮纹病的发病程度.为探究其拮抗机制,采用Illumina和Pacbio第三代测序技术对菌株进行全基因组测序分析,基于管家基因gyrA测序鉴定,结合平均核苷酸一致性（ANI）和数字DNA杂交（dDDH）的比较基因组分析,将ES2-4鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）. ES2-4基因组长3 929 792 bp,平均GC含量46.5%,共编码基因4016个,不含质粒.antiSMASH共预测到次级代谢产物基因簇14个,其中9个与surfactin、iturin、fengycin、macrolactin、difficidin、bacillaene、bacilysin、bacillibactin、amylocyclicin化合物合成相关基因簇完全一致或高度相似.此外,其基因组存在能够降解真菌细胞壁的糖苷水...     

PFOS对星形胶质细胞表观遗传调控作用初探

脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)甲基化在全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)神经毒性中的作用已证实,但表观遗传修饰中其他调控因子在PFOS对星形胶质细胞毒性中的影响仍有待探索。本文以大鼠原代星形胶质细胞为体外生物体系,建立24 h PFOS(0、25、50和100μmol·L~(-1))暴露模型,通过观察PFOS暴露对星形胶质细胞表观遗传调控主要分子DNA甲基化酶(DNMTs)、组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)和小泛素化修饰物(SUMOs)的影响,初步明确表观遗传调控机制参与PFOS神经毒性作用。采用Hoechst 33258检测细胞凋亡,利用ELISA试剂盒检测HDACs含量,以实时荧光定量PCR考察DNMTs、HDACs和SUMOs基因表达。结果显示,星形胶质细胞暴露于一定浓度PFOS(≥25μmol·L~(-1))时产生凋亡现象(P0.05),HDACs含量升高(P0.05),且DNMT1、HDAC1/2/4与SUMO-1的基因表达显著升高(P0.05);而当PFOS浓度高于50μmol·L~(-1)时,可显著诱导DNMT3A、SUMO-2的基因表达(P0.05); DNMT3B在PFOS≥25μmol·L~(-1)时,其基因表达具有升高趋势,但不具统计学显著性(P0.05)。结果表明,PFOS可以影响星形胶质细胞的表观遗传修饰;表观遗传修饰可能是PFOS神经毒性作用机制之一。     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因在转基因生菜中的表达和遗传转化

以生菜(LactucasativaL.)为受体材料,将含有高赖氨酸蛋白基因的植物表达载体pLBI用农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,获得47株转基因生菜植株.PCR和Southern-blotting检测证实目的片段在T0代的整合,RT-PCR检测表明目的基因的转录.T0代植株赖氨酸(Lys)含量的测定分析表明,赖氨酸有不同程度的提高,比对照提高最高的可达9.46%.T1代植株PCR检测证明,目的基因能够遗传.图5表1参25     

基于多花黄精转录组的HIPPs/HPPs基因家族鉴定与表达调控

PcHIPPs/PcHPPs是一类细胞内可溶性金属结合蛋白,在调节植物重金属稳态、解毒机制、重金属耐受等方面发挥重要作用,目前关于HIPPs/HPPs基因家族在多花黄精中还未有人研究.基于多花黄精不同转录组数据,采用生物信息学进行理化性质分析、亚细胞定位和保守基序及系统进化树分析,并对其功能进行初步分析,研究HIPPs/HPPs基因在不同铅处理下的表达情况.结果表明：从多花黄精中鉴定出68个PcHIPPs和43个PcHPPs基因;PcHIPPs基因家族的氨基酸数为134-501,分子量介于15.53-53.09 ku之间,等电点介于5.12-9.88;PcHPPs基因的氨基酸数为101-352,分子量介于11.46-38.23 ku,等电点介于5.58-10.41;亚细胞定位预测表明,PcHIPPs/PcHPPs基因有73个分布在细胞核内;通过KEGG分析发现PcHPP3、PcHIPP28-5、PcHIPP28-6、PcHPP1-5参与到代谢过程;PcHIPPs/PcHPPs基因在多花黄精根状茎中主要发挥作用,在盐胁迫处理48 h下大部分PcHIPPs/PcHPPs基因表现出明显的下调...     

Heavy metal selection of phosphoglucose isomerase allozymes in marine gastropods

The effects of zinc and copper pollution on the allozymic variation of phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) genotypes were tested in the Mediterranean marine gastropods Monodonta turbinata and M. turbiformis in 26 laboratory tests involving 2 081 adult individuals, with 545 survivors. Our results indicate differential survivorship of electrophoretical Pgi allozyme genotypes for both pollutants. Zinc pollution selected against the allozyme genotype SS in M. turbinata, whereas no differential survivorship was observed in M. turbiformis which lacks this allozyme. Copper pollution selected against the MM genotype in both species. These results are inconsistent with the neutral theory of allozyme polymorphisms and appear to reflect the adaptive nature of some Pgi genotypes in these marine gastropods.     

Genetic structure and allozyme variation of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax and D. punctatus) in the Mediterranean Sea

This paper reports data on 28 allozyme loci in wild and artificially reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) samples, originating from either coastal lagoon or marine sites in the Mediterranean Sea. F _ST analysis (θ estimator) indicated strong genetic structuring among populations; around 34% of the overall genetic variation is due to interpopulation variation. Pairwise θ estimates showed that, on average, the degree of genetic structuring was much higher between marine populations than between samples from lagoons. Six polymorphic loci showed differences in allele frequencies between marine and lagoon samples. Multivariate analyses of individual allozymic profiles and of allele frequencies suggested that different arrays of genotypes prevail in lagoons compared to marine samples, particularly at those loci that, on the basis of previous acclimation experiments, had been implicated in adaptation to freshwater. On the other hand, variation at “neutral” allozyme loci reflects to a greater extent the geographic location of populations. Allozyme differentiation was also studied in a D. labrax population from the Portuguese coast. Average genetic distance between this population and the Mediterranean populations was quite high (Nei's D = 0.236) and calls into question the taxonomic status of the Portuguese population. Finally, genetic relationships between D. labrax and D. punctatus were evaluated. Average Nei's D was 0.648, revealing high genetic differentiation between the two species, even for two sympatric populations of these species in Egypt; thus gene flow was not indicated between species. Received: 24 October 1996 / Accepted: 27 November 1996     

Comparisons of Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Adenophora lobophylla and Its Widespread Congener, A. potaninii

Abstract: Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to examine the levels and distribution of genetic diversity in two Adenophora species: the narrow endangered Adenophora lobophylla and its widespread congener, A. potaninii . Based on allozyme variation at 18 putative loci, we measured high levels of genetic variability both in the endangered and the widespread species, with 83.3% of the loci being polymorphic. The mean expected heterozygosity within populations (   H _ep  ) and within species (   H _es  ) were 0.234 and 0.244 for A. potaninii and were as high as 0.210 and 0.211 for A. lobophylla . There was higher differentiation among populations in A. potaninii (   F _ST = 0.155) than in A. lobophylla (   F _ST = 0.071). The high levels of genetic diversity in the present allozyme survey are consistent with the morphological variation observed in these species and may be attributed to high outcrossing rates in the Adenophora species. In addition, A. lobophylla was identified as a distinct species on the basis of Nei's genetic distances and thus should be given a high priority for protection. It is noteworthy that the endangered A. lobophylla maintains much higher genetic diversity than most endemic or narrowly distributed plant species in spite of its restricted distribution. We hypothesize that A. lobophylla has become endangered for ecological and stochastic reasons, including habitat destruction or environmental changes, mud slides, and human disturbance such as grazing and mowing. Consequently, habitat protection is of particular importance for conserving this endangered species.     

Genetic Diversity in a Threatened Wetland Species, Helonias bullata (Liliaceae)

Genetic variation was examined in Helonias bullata , a threatened perennial plant species that occurs in isolated wetland habitats. Fifteen populations representing the species' geographic range were sampled. Genetic diversity was low for the species ( H _es = 0.053) as well as within populations ( H _ep = 0.029). Of the 33 allozyme loci examined, 11 (33%) were polymorphic, while on average only 12.8% (4) of the loci were polymorphic within populations. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.36 for the species and averaged 2.09 across populations. For every genetic parameter calculated, variation in H. bullata was lower than that typically found for narrowly distributed plant species. The lowest levels of genetic diversity were found in northern areas that were colonized following the last glacial epoch. The number of genotypes detected per population ranged from three to 21, with a mean of 13 for this clonally reproducing species. We found a relatively high proportion of total genetic diversity (30.6%) among populations and a significant correlation (p < 0.002) between genetic distance and geographic distance. Genetic drift phenomena appear to play a major role in the population genetics of this species. Anomalously, several populations that appeared most limited in size and vigor were genetically most variable, perhaps because they represent older, relictual populations. Life-history characteristics of H. bullata coupled with low levels of genetic diversity and the degradation and disappearance of wetlands threaten the existence of this species.     

Patterns of genetic subdivision in populations of a clonal cnidarian,Zoanthus coppingeri,from the Great Barrier Reef

Samples of an intertidal zoanthid, Zoanthus coppingeri, Haddon and Shackelton, 1891, were collected from three localities in the Great Barrier Reef region during 1992–1993, and subjected to allozyme electrophoretic analysis at seven polymorphic loci. The reduced ratio of observed to expected genotypic diversity indicated that populations were partly clonal, but they were not dominated by a few clones as occurs in some other cnidarians. Regular disturbance by wave action is postulated to prevent the formation of large stands of particular clones by clearing space and mixing genotypes over small scales. The sexual origin of clonal genotypes was confirmed by conformance to Hardy-Weinberg predictions of genotype frequencies at all but one locus. Values of the standardised genetic variance among populations, F _ST , were highly significant between localities and between replicate sites within localities separated by only 50 m. Strong genetic structure has not previously been described in a Great Barrier Reef invertebrate species, and is considered to be the consequence of stochastic changes in gene frequencies as a result of low levels of gene flow. High clonal longevity and low recruitment rates may maintain genetic differences over long periods. Similar effects may be seen in other Great Barrier Reef invertebrate species with comparable reproductive patterns.     

Incorporating differences between genetic diversity of trees and herbaceous plants in conservation strategies

Reviews that summarize the genetic diversity of plant species in relation to their life history and ecological traits show that forest trees have more genetic diversity at population and species levels than annuals or herbaceous perennials. In addition, among-population genetic differentiation is significantly lower in trees than in most herbaceous perennials and annuals. Possible reasons for these differences between trees and herbaceous perennials and annuals have not been discussed critically. Several traits, such as high rates of outcrossing, long-distance pollen and seed dispersal, large effective population sizes (N_e), arborescent stature, low population density, longevity, overlapping generations, and occurrence in late successional communities, may make trees less sensitive to genetic bottlenecks and more resistant to habitat fragmentation or climate change. We recommend that guidelines for genetic conservation strategies be designed differently for tree species versus other types of plant species. Because most tree species fit an LH scenario (low [L] genetic differentiation and high [H] genetic diversity), tree seeds could be sourced from a few populations distributed across the species’ range. For the in situ conservation of trees, translocation is a viable option to increase N_e. In contrast, rare herbaceous understory species are frequently HL (high differentiation and low diversity) species. Under the HL scenario, seeds should be taken from many populations with high genetic diversity. In situ conservation efforts for herbaceous plants should focus on protecting habitats because the typically small populations of these species are vulnerable to the loss of genetic diversity. The robust allozyme genetic diversity databases could be used to develop conservation strategies for species lacking genetic information. As a case study of reforestation with several tree species in denuded areas on the Korean Peninsula, we recommend the selection of local genotypes as suitable sources to prevent adverse effects and to insure the successful restoration in the long term.     

Genetic Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Common Species of Swiss Fen Meadows

Abstract:  The area of Caricion davallianae alliance in Switzerland has been considerably reduced and fragmented during the last 150 years. We assessed the genetic variability, inbreeding level, and among-population differentiation of two common habitat-specific plant species, Carex davalliana SM. and Succisa pratensis Moench, in 18 Caricion davallianae fen meadows subjected to fragmentation. We used a spatial field design of fen systems (six systems total), each consisting of one large habitat island and two small habitat islands. We used allozyme electrophoresis to derive standard genetic parameters ( A, P, H_O, H_E, F_IS, F_ST ). In Carex we identified a consistently lower A in isolated habitat islands; furthermore, H_E was lower in small habitat islands than in large habitat islands. In Succisa we identified a lower H_O in small habitat islands than in larger ones. Small habitat islands were marginally significantly differentiated (  F_ST ) from large islands for Succisa . For both species, no effects were evident for F_IS ; therefore, we argue that genetic drift rather than inbreeding is the main cause of the observed differences. The genetic structure of Carex and Succisa in small habitat islands differed from that in large habitat islands, but differences were small. It appears that the observed differences in genetic variability among fen meadows correspond to observed differences in fitness and demographic traits. We show that habitat fragmentation affects not only the rare species in an ecosystem but also reduces the survival probabilities of common species. One of the main goals of conservation should be to mitigate fragmentation of natural habitats in order to increase population sizes and connectivity.     

采砂迹地型湿地恢复过程中植物群落分布与土壤环境因子的关系

利用TWINSPAN（双向指示种分析）和CCA排序（典范对应分析）的方法,对北京西卓家营采砂迹地型退化湿地植被进行了群落类型划分,并探讨了湿地植被空间分布与土壤环境因子关系,确定了影响湿地植被空间分布的关键因子。结果表明：38个样方40个植物种可划分为7个群落类型,即茭白＋针蔺群落（Zizania latifolia＋Eleocharis congesta）;牛鞭草＋旋覆花＋野艾蒿＋竹节灯心草＋茵陈蒿＋扁杆藨草群落（Hemarthria sibirica＋Inula japonica＋Artemisia lavandulifolia＋Juncus turczaninowii＋Artemisia capillaries＋Scirpus planiculmis）;千屈菜＋苣荬菜＋小香蒲群落（Lythrum salicaria＋Herba Sonchi Brachyoti＋Typha minima）;竹节灯心草＋问荆＋酸模叶蓼＋芦苇群落（Juncus turczaninowii＋Equisetum arvense＋Polygonum lapathifolium＋Phragmites australis）;针蔺＋扁杆藨草＋茵陈蒿＋野艾蒿群落（Eleocharis congesta＋Scirpus planiculmis＋Artemisia capillaries＋Artemisia lavandulifolia）;鬼针草＋狗尾草＋香蒲群落（Bidens pilosa＋Setaria viridis＋Typha orientalis）和朝天委陵菜＋猪毛菜＋大刺儿菜＋稗群落（Potentilla supine＋Salsola collina＋Cephalanoplos setosum＋Echinochloa crusgalli）。植物群落物种和土壤因子的CCA分析表明：益母草、大车前、猪毛菜主要受土壤pH的影响;茭白主要受氨氮、土壤有机质（SOM）的影响;马唐、鸡眼草主要受土壤全氮（TN）和Mg2＋的影响;针蔺、狼杷草受土壤K＋的影响;苦苣菜、苣荬菜、牛鞭草主要受土壤Na＋的影响;黄香草木犀主要受土壤Cl-的影响;灰绿藜、大刺儿菜、球穗莎草主要受土壤NO3-的影响;扁杆藨草、小香蒲主要受全磷（TP）和含水率的影响。研究结论将为采砂迹地型湿地恢复提供科学支持。     

Use of Congeneric Assessment to Reveal the Linked Genetic Histories of Two Threatened Fishes in the Murray‐Darling Basin,Australia

Abstract: The intensely regulated Murray‐Darling Basin in southeastern Australia is the nation's most extensive and economically important river system, and it contains fragmented populations of numerous fish species. Among these is the Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis), a species listed as endangered (International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List) in the mid‐1990s prior to its acute decline with the progression of a severe drought that began in 1997. We compared the genetic structure of Murray hardyhead with 4 congeneric species (Darling hardyhead[C. amniculus], Finke hardyhead[C. centralis], Lake Eyre hardyhead[C. eyresii], and unspecked hardyhead[C. stercusmuscarum]), selected on the basis of their taxonomic or biological similarity to Murray hardyhead, in order to affirm species boundaries and test for instances of introgressive hybridization, which may influence species ecology and conservation prospects. We used allozyme (52 loci) and mtDNA markers (1999 bp of ATPase and cytochrome b) to provide a comparative genetic assessment of 139 Murray hardyhead, which represented all extant and some recently extirpated populations, and 71 congeneric specimens from 12 populations. We confirmed that Murray hardyhead and Darling hardyhead are taxonomically distinct and identified a number of potential conservation units, defined with genetic criteria, in both species. We also found allozyme and mtDNA evidence of historic genetic exchange between these 2 allopatric species, apparently involving one population of each species at the geographic edge of the species’ ranges, not in the most proximate populations sampled. Our results provide information on species boundaries and offer insight into the likely causes of high genetic diversity in certain populations, results which are already being used to guide national recovery planning and local action. Given the prevalence of incorrect taxonomies and introgression in many organismal groups, we believe these data point to the need to commence genetic investigations of any threatened species from an initially broad taxonomic focus.     

Understanding origins of present-day genetic structure in marine fish: biologically or historically driven patterns?

Determining the origin of genetic structure is of wide interest because of its use in stock discrimination in marine organisms. Schematically, genetic differentiation can result from historical patterns maintained over geological time or from present-day isolation attributable to biological characteristics of the species. We used a comparative approach to population genetic analysis based on allozyme polymorphism to determine the impact of reproductive strategy (i.e. biological origin) and habitat (i.e. historical origin) on the genetic structure of individuals sampled from five isolated islands in French Polynesia. Eight species of coral reef fishes from two families (Chaetodontidae and Pomacentridae) were selected to test the impact of sea-level change (historical origin) and reproductive strategy (biological origin) on genetic structure. Seven of the eight study species showed significant divergence in allelic frequencies computed over all sites. For these seven species, multilocus F_stvalues ranged from 0.0114 to 0.0287. None of the eight species showed a significant relationship between genetic divergence and geographical distance between sites. Significant divergence (difference in allozyme frequencies) between some pairs of sites occurred but was unrelated to distances between them. These results suggest that the genetic structure of coral reef fish in French Polynesia is likely to be driven according to an island model in which migrations between populations are rare and random in space and time. Overall, none of the species showed congruent genetic structures between sites sampled. Genetic structure of the eight species did not appear significantly related either to reproductive strategy or habitat preference. Genetic diversity (heterozygosity) was significantly correlated with these two factors, with species laying benthic eggs and/or inhabiting lagoons showing significantly higher multilocus heterozygosity than species laying pelagic eggs and/or living on the outer reef slope. Overall, the absence of differences according to habitat and/or reproductive strategy did not provide any conclusive pattern regarding the origin of the genetic structure, but the limited divergence in allelic frequencies suggests recent differentiations.