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1.
Alginates are naturally occurring components of organic matter in natural soil whose effects on nanoparticle (NP) toxicity to plants is not well understood. In the present study, corn plants were grown for one month in soil spiked with 400 mg/kg CeO2 NPs with various alginate concentrations. After one month of growth in the NPs impacted soil, plants were harvested and analyzed for Ce and mineral element concentrations. Chlorophyll concentration and heat shock protein 70, used as biomarkers for oxidative stress, were also evaluated. Results showed that, compared to CeO2 NPs treatment, alginate at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg increased Ce concentration in roots by approximately 46%, 38%, and 29% and by 115%, 45%, and 56% in shoots, respectively. CeO 2 NPs without alginate increased Mn accumulation in roots by 34% compared to control. CeO2 NPs with low and medium alginate increased Mn by ca. 92% respect to NPs without alginate and by ca. 155% respect to control. CeO2 NPs without/with alginate significantly increased accumulation of Fe and Al in roots. In addition, alginate at 50 mg/kg increased Zn accumulation in roots by 52% compared to control. In shoots, K increased at all NP treatments but the accumulation of other elements was not affected. Alginate enlarged the impact of CeO2 NPs to corn plants by reducing chlorophyll a content and triggering overexpression of heat shock protein 70.  相似文献   

2.
Many nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (NACs), such as nitrobenzene (NB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), aniline (AN), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), are environmentally hazardous, and their removal from contaminated water is one of the main challenges facing wastewater treatment plants. In this study, synthetic wastewater containing NB, 4-NP, 2,4-DNP, and AN at concentrations ranging from 50 to 180 mg/L was fed into a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Analyses of the SBR system indicated that it simultaneously removed more than 99% of the NACs at loading rates of 0.36 kg NB/(m3·d), 0.3 kg 4-NP/(m3·d), 0.25 kg AN/(m3·d), and 0.1 kg 2,4-DNP/(m3·d). Bacterial groups of Bacteriodetes, Candidate division TM7, α-Proteobacteria, and β-Proteobacteria were dominant in the clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from the microbial communities in the SBR system. "Cycle tests" designed to alter feeding and aeration parameters of the SBR system demonstrated that the resident microbial biome of the SBR system responded rapidly to changing conditions. Consumption of O2 was concomitant with the apparent mineralization of NACs. Aromatic ring-cleaving dioxygenase activities suggested that (1) AN and NB were degraded via catechol 2,3-dioxygenase; (2) 4-NP was degraded via 1,2,4-benzentriol 1,2-dioxygenase; and (3) 2,4-DNP was degraded via an unresolved pathway.  相似文献   

3.
入侵植物可以改变入侵地土壤微生物群落,从而有助于其入侵,在前期研究中发现,植被恢复措施可有效控制刺萼龙葵(Solanum rostratum)的入侵,但植被恢复前后刺萼龙葵根际土壤细菌群落结构与功能尚未清楚.选取了前期研究中的2 个植被组合:沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)+披碱草(Elymus da...  相似文献   

4.
能源植物修复土壤镉污染过程中细菌群落分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
选取油脂类能源植物大豆和碳水化合物类能源植物玉米,采用高通量测序方法研究大豆、玉米修复Cd污染土壤过程中根际土壤细菌群落组成.结果表明,100 mg·kg-1Cd的添加会抑制玉米、大豆生长,其中,大豆生物量降低比玉米高.不同组织中根部Cd积累量最高,转移系数TF分别为0.56(玉米)和0.14(大豆).基于Mi Seq的群落分析表明,大豆、玉米根际土壤细菌主要包括Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)、Gemmatimonadetes(芽单胞菌门)、Actinobacteria(放线菌门)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)等33个门.细菌群落的PCo A和UPGMA分析表明,Cd的添加和能源植物种植均能对细菌群落结构产生影响,其中,Cd的添加影响最大.Gemmatimonas、Flavisolibacter、Flexibacter、Ramlibacter、Ohtaekwangia、Flavitalea等细菌在Cd胁迫条件或大豆、玉米种植条件下相对丰度有所变化,分析其可能在大豆、玉米耐受Cd污染中起作用.  相似文献   

5.
从玉米根内和根际土壤中分离筛选到22株溶磷细菌。根据16SrRNA基因序列分析,2株溶磷效果最好的菌株分别被鉴定为伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp.SY9)和泛菌(Pantoea sp.Gym7c)。同时对菌株SY9和Gym7c的溶磷能力和植物促生特性进行了进一步研究。利用磷酸钙和开阳磷矿矿粉研究了菌株释放P、Ca和Fe的效能。液体培养条件下,菌株在在磷酸钙培养基中的生长好于在开阳磷矿粉培养基中的生长,同时菌株能够合成铁载体。菌株SY9从开阳磷矿粉中释放P、Ca,和Fe的能力比菌株Gym7c强。然而菌株Gym7c从磷酸钙中释放P和Ca的能力比菌株SY9强。菌株Gym7c主要是通过合成的有机酸溶解磷酸钙并释放其中的P和Ca,而菌株SY9是通过合成的有机酸和铁载体溶解开阳磷矿粉并释放出其中的P、Ca,和Fe。溶解开阳磷矿粉的有机酸主要是葡萄糖酸而溶解磷酸钙的有机酸主要包括丁二酸、丙酸、苹果酸和酒石酸等。菌株Gym7c能够合成生长素、铁载体和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶。菌株SY9和Gym7c对酸碱、盐和温度均表现出一定的抗性。  相似文献   

6.
为研究淡水湖泊湿地微生物群落结构与退化湿地环境之间的关系,选取武昌湖湿地菰草根际水体、根际土壤、根下湖泊沉积物3组环境样本,提取样本微生物基因组DNA,并利用16S r DNA基因进行454高通量测序,共得到优质序列17 051条,产生2 062条OUTs。结果表明:武昌湖退化湿地菰草根际具有较为复杂的微生物群落结构,涉及15门48属,其中以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)为主要门类;菰草根际不同微环境微生物群落结构存在明显差异,生物多样性指数Shannon、Chao、ACE指数及OTUs均呈现根际土壤湖泊沉积物根际水体的变化特征。探究湿地退化过程中植被菰草根际微生物群落结构特征,对揭示长江中下游浅水湖泊湿地退化机理具有重要意义。  相似文献   

7.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans NS12的分离和对硝基苯酚的降解   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
通过富集培养,从红树林底泥中分离出6株硝基苯酚降解菌,其中Achromobacter xylosoxidans NS12在好氧条件下可耐受小于1.8 mmol/L的邻硝基苯酚(ONP)或3.0 mmol/L的对硝基苯酚(PNP),能以PNP和ONP作为唯一碳源、能源和氮源生长并将其完全矿化, 但该菌不能利用间硝基苯酚(MNP)作为唯一碳源和氮源生长.研究发现A. xylosoxidans NS12在降解PNP和ONP组成的混合底物时,PNP的存在可抑制ONP的降解,同时ONP的存在也抑制PNP的降解.此外,在利用PNP和ONP的混合底物时,NS12转化PNP的速率显著地高于转化ONP的速率.红树林底泥中固有的细菌对PNP和ONP具有高效降解作用.  相似文献   

8.
Pink-pigmented methylotropic bacteria of the genus Methylobacterium inhabit the surfaces of plant organs. In bryophytes, these methylobacteria enhance cell growth, but the nature of this plant–microbe interaction is largely unknown. In this study, methylobacteria were isolated from the upper surface of the free-living thalli of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. Identification of one strain by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other data show that these microbes represent an undescribed species of the genus Methylobacterium (Methylobacterium sp.). The growth-promoting activity of these wild-type methylobacteria was tested and compared with that of the type strain Methylobacterium mesophilicum. Both types of methylobacteria stimulated surface expansion of isolated gemmae from Marchantia polymorpha by about 350%. When suspended in water, the liverwort-associated bacteria (Methylobacterium sp.) formed dense clusters of up to 600 cells. In liquid cultures of Methylobacterium mesophilicum, single cells were observed, but no clustering occurred. We suggest that the liverwort-associated methylobacteria are co-evolved symbionts of the plants: Cluster formation may be a behavior that enhances the survival of the epiphytic microbes during periods of drought of these desiccation-tolerant lower plants.  相似文献   

9.
城市污水处理厂中抗生素抗性菌的富集和扩散对受纳水体及公共卫生安全造成严重的威胁.本研究从上海某城市污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选得到一株四环素抗性菌株TC-1,基于形态特征、生理生化特性和16S r DNA结果鉴定,菌株TC-1属于节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.).对节杆菌属菌株的全基因组分析表明,菌株TC-1含有多种抗生素抗性基因,包括四环素、氯霉素、大环内酯类和青霉素抗性基因.对比节杆菌属抗生素抗性基因的基因簇分析表明,这些抗性基因在节杆菌属中具有普遍存在性,表明其来源于相关菌株的遗传而非单个菌株的偶然获得.鉴于节杆菌属是潜在的病原性微生物,该结论可为废水生物处理系统中含抗生素抗性基因的致病微生物环境行为和风险评估提供参考.  相似文献   

10.
Fungus-growing ants and their fungal cultivar form a highly evolved mutualism that is negatively affected by the specialized parasitic fungus Escovopsis. Filamentous Pseudonocardia bacteria occurring on the cuticle of attine ants have been proposed to form a mutualistic interaction with these ants in which they are vertically transmitted (i.e. from parent to offspring colonies). Given a strictly vertical transmission of Pseudonocardia, the evolutionary theory predicts a reduced genetic variability of symbionts among ant lineages. The aim of this study was to verify whether actinomycetes, which occur on Acromyrmex octospinosus leaf-cutting ants, meet this expectation by comparing their genotypic variability with restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Multiple actinomycete strains could be isolated from both individual ant workers and colonies (one to seven strains per colony). The colony specificity of actinomycete communities was high: Only 15% of all strains were isolated from more than one colony, and just 5% were present in both populations investigated. Partial sequencing of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid of two of the isolated strains assigned both of them to the genus Streptomyces. Actinomycetes could also be isolated from workers of the two non-attine ant species Myrmica rugulosa and Lasius flavus. Sixty-two percent of the strains derived from attine ants and 80% of the strains isolated from non-attine ants inhibited the growth of Escovopsis. Our data suggest that the association between attine ants and their actinomycete symbionts is less specific then previously thought. Soil-dwelling actinomycetes may have been dynamically recruited from the environment (horizontal transmission), probably reflecting an adaptation to a diverse community of microbial pathogens.  相似文献   

11.
Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.  相似文献   

12.
Most of the oxalotrophic bacteria are facultative methylotrophs and play important ecological roles in soil fertility and cycling of elements. This study gives a detailed picture of the taxonomy and diversity of these bacteria and provides new information about the taxonomical variability within the genus Methylobacterium. Twelve mesophilic, pink-pigmented, and facultatively methylotrophic oxalate-oxidizing strains were included in this work that had been previously isolated from the soil and some plant tissues by the potassium oxalate enrichment method. The isolates were characterized using biochemical tests, cellular lipid profiles, spectral characteristics of carotenoid pigments, G+C content of the DNA, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The taxonomic similarities among the strains were analyzed using the simple matching (S SM) and Jaccard (S J) coefficients, and the UPGMA clustering algorithm. The phylogenetic position of the strains was inferred by the neighbor-joining method on the basis of the 16S rDNA sequences. All isolates were Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, oxidase and catalase positive, and required no growth factors. Based on the results of numerical taxonomy, the strains formed four closely related clusters sharing ≥85% similarity. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences demonstrated that oxalotrophic, pink-pigmented, and facultatively methylotrophic strains could be identified as members of the genus Methylobacterium. Except for M. variabile and M. aquaticum, all of the Methylobacterium type strains tested had the ability of oxalate utilization. Our results indicate that the capability of oxalate utilization seems to be an uncommon trait and could be used as a valuable taxonomic criterion for differentiation of Methylobacterium species.  相似文献   

13.
从天然河水中富集分离出8株异养硝化-好氧反硝化(HN-AD)菌株.将单菌株根据其自身的种属类别及脱氮性能复配成5种由不同菌株构成的菌剂,优选出脱氮效果最佳的复配菌剂-2,其包括6株菌株,分别为Pseudomonas stutzeri MR1,Pseudomonas sp. MR2,Pseudomonas sp. MR3,Pseudomonas balearica MR4,Klebsiella variicola MR6和Catellibacterium terrae MR8.将复配菌剂-2投加至CODCr/TN比分别为20和5的河水中,其对NO-3-N的去除率分别为87.1%和97.5%,期间无NO-2-N积累;对NH+4-N去除效果在第1 d分别达到96.6%和57.6%.复配菌剂可以获得对河水较高的反硝化脱氮效率,并可以强化河水中NH+4-N的去除,对实际河水的脱氮净化具有较强的应用潜能...  相似文献   

14.
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biodegradation dynamics and related microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition in a riparian soil planted with different plants such as Phragmites australis, Zizania aquatica, and Acorus calamus. The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial degradation dynamics of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils among the three riparian plants. A. calamus displays a significantly higher degradation efficiency of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils, as compared with Z aquatica and P. australis. Half-life time of butachlor degradation in the rhizospheric soils of P. australis, Z aquatica, and A. calamus were 7.5, 9.8 and 5.4 days, respectively. Residual butachlor concentration in A. calamus rhizosphere soil was 35.2% and 21.7% lower than that in Z aquatica and P. australis rhizosphere soils, respectively, indicating that A. calamus showed a greater improvement effect on biodegradation of butachlor in rhizosphere soils than the other two riparian plant. In general, microbial biomass and biochemical activities in rhizosphere soils were depressed by butachlor addition, despite the riparian plant types. However, rhizospheric soil microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition significantly (P < 0.05) differed between riparian plant species. Compared to Z aquatica and P. australis, A. calamus showed significantly larger microbial number, higher enzyme activities and soil respiration rates in the rhizosphere soils. The results indicated that A. calamus have a better alleviative effect on inhibition of microbial growth due to butachlor addition and can be used as a suitable riparian plant for detoxifying and remediating butachlor contamination from agricultural nonpoint pollution.  相似文献   

15.
能源植物修复镉污染土壤对根际细菌网络结构的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
选取油脂类能源植物大豆和碳水化合物类能源植物玉米,采用高通量测序方法研究大豆、玉米修复Cd污染土壤过程中根际土壤细菌群落组成,基于高通量测序数据采用分子生态网络分析细菌相互作用.结果表明,50 mg·kg-1Cd污染土壤中两种植物根部Cd浓度和积累量最高,转移系数TF分别为玉米0.78和大豆0.35.基于细菌16S r RNA基因的群落分析表明,大豆、玉米根际土壤细菌主要包括Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)31个门细菌组成,大豆、玉米种植均能影响土壤细菌群落组成,能影响Candidate division TM7 norank、Acidimicrobiales norank、Sphingomonas等丰度.分子生态网络分析表明种植大豆和玉米增加了细菌之间的相互作用,导致其网络结构更为复杂,关键细菌从不种植物处理的1个增加到种植大豆的6个和种植玉米的10个.  相似文献   

16.
秦松岩  马放  黄鹏 《环境科学》2008,29(6):1649-1654
通过在河流中悬吊自行设计的载玻片架,获取了具有由铁-锰氧化细菌产生的特异的铁锰氧化物结构的生物膜,设计了4种培养基,采用2种不同的细菌分离方法,对生物膜上的铁细菌进行分离,应用荧光X射线分析仪(XRF)分析了分离菌株产物的化学元素组成,并对分离菌株的铁锰氧化形态进行了观察.研究发现,铁细菌2号培养基为合适的分离培养基;采用平板涂布法分离出的2株氧化铁和锰的细菌,经系统发育地位的分析确定为纤发菌属;对运动纤发菌的产物分析确定无定形铁和锰为其主要金属元素;形态观察确定霍氏纤发菌呈树枝状鞘结构,而运动纤发菌呈蛛网状鞘结构.采用原位培养法分离出1株具有独特铁锰氧化物结构的细菌,经基因序列比对,确定为丛毛菌属.该实验获得的3株铁-锰氧化细菌的序列为设计针对于自然水体中的铁-锰氧化细菌FISH探针及PCR引物提供了关键数据.  相似文献   

17.
为评估转基因玉米种植对土壤氮周转功能微生物的潜在风险,以转cry1Ab和epsps基因玉米C0030.3.5(TM)及其亲本玉米DBN318(PM)为研究对象,于2015年拔节期、抽雄期、乳熟期、完熟期采集根际土和非根际土进行试验,并采用荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,q PCR)和末端限制性片段长度多态性(terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,TRFLP)技术分析土壤固氮微生物nif H基因丰度和多样性.结果表明,TM和PM根际土和非根际土固氮细菌nif H基因丰度随生长时期整体呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,无论是根际土还是非根际土,同一生长时期2种玉米nif H基因丰度间差异均不显著.相关分析显示,土壤固氮细菌nif H基因丰度与有机质含量呈极显著正相关.T-RFLP结果表明,所获得的14种TRFs中,43 bp和155 bp片段所代表的固氮细菌为共有优势种群,无论是根际土还是非根际土,同一生长时期各T-RFs的相对丰度在TM和PM间差异同样不显著.土壤固氮细菌的Shannon指数和Evenness指数随生长期整体呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,无论是根际土还是非根际土,同一生长时期TM和PM的Shannon指数间及Evenness指数间均无显著差异.主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)表明TM和PM土壤固氮细菌群落结构组成无显著差异.冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)显示土壤铵态氮和p H对固氮细菌群落结构组成影响显著.  相似文献   

18.
铜尾矿白羊草重金属含量对叶际和根际真菌群落的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
贾彤  郭婷艳  王瑞宏  柴宝峰 《环境科学》2020,41(11):5193-5200
植物的叶际和根际微生物与宿主植物之间存在复杂的相互关系,能促进植物的生长,增强宿主植物对逆境胁迫的耐受性.本实验选择铜矿区主要恢复植被白羊草为研究对象,采用高通量测序的方法,分析白羊草叶际和根际真菌群落结构与多样性差异,探究白羊草叶片和根部富集的重金属含量对叶际和根际真菌群落特征的影响.结果表明,在白羊草的根际和叶际区域,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)均为优势菌门.白羊草根际真菌群落的多样性和丰富度显著高于叶际真菌.白羊草植株叶际和根际真菌多样性受到不同重金属的影响,白羊草叶际多样性主要受到叶片Zn和Cu含量的影响,而根Pb含量是影响根际真菌群落多样性的关键因子.此外,叶际子囊菌门的孢菌科与叶片Cd含量有极显著正相关关系,根际丛赤壳科与根Zn含量显著正相关,可作为重金属污染区域生态恢复的指示菌种.本研究为铜尾矿生态恢复过程中发掘和利用叶际或根际真菌资源提供科学依据,也为筛选重金属污染区生态修复的植物-微生物共生体提供基础.  相似文献   

19.
菌-藻"体系在水生态平衡中发挥重要作用,为探明蓝藻水华时期的菌藻关系,研究了原位营养刺激后藻际微生物对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.结果表明,LB培养基可抑制铜绿微囊藻生长,抑藻率为86.49%;而乙酸钠、葡萄糖和柠檬酸钠可促进藻细胞生长,增长率均在50%以上.对LB培养基和蛋白胨刺激后的藻际细菌进行溶藻菌的筛选,共分离出6株具有强效抑藻作用的菌株,其中Bacillus sp.A1抑藻率高达97.55%.16S rRNA高通量测序表明,向铜绿微囊藻中投加营养物质均可改变藻际细菌群落结构并增加物种丰富度,添加LB培养基和蛋白胨可促使藻际细菌群落数量剧增.生理生化响应表明,藻细胞受LB培养基和蛋白胨胁迫后,活性氧(ROS)水平和丙二醛(MDA)含量激增,细胞氧化损伤严重;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先急剧上升后下降,抗氧化酶系统受损.扫描电镜显示,LB培养基可使藻细胞逐渐萎缩,最终破碎;而藻际细菌显著增多.因此,在蓝藻水华暴发的水体进行适当的外部营养刺激可在一定程度上实现溶藻菌原位抑藻.  相似文献   

20.
有机膨润土在Pb2+p-硝基苯酚复合污染中的吸附及机理   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
以Pb2+p-硝基苯酚为代表污染物,用实验室模拟法研究了有机膨润土在重金属-有机物混合污染体系中的吸附行为.结果表明,在有机膨润土/Pb2+/p-硝基苯酚体系中,溶液中共存Pb2+会延缓p-硝基苯酚在有机膨润土上的吸附速率;Pb2+p-硝基苯酚产生竞争吸附,竞争作用的大小与溶液中p-硝基苯酚和Pb2+的浓度比c(酚/Pb)以及有机膨润土对污染物的吸附机制有关,相对于吸附机制以分配作用为主的100CTMAB-膨润土,Pb2+p-硝基苯酚在以表面吸附为主的100TMAB-膨润土上的竞争吸附更强.  相似文献   

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