浙江庆元苍岱银多金属矿成矿模式探讨与找矿方向

作者通过对浙江庆元苍岱矿区成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征的分析,参照区域典型矿床的勘查研究成果,建立了适合本区的受中生代火山机构控制的火山-次火山热液型银铅锌多金属矿成矿模式,对指导矿区下一步找矿具有重要意义。通过深入研究,指出放弃浅部金银,主攻深部铅锌多金属的找矿思路。提出在物探、化探和地质高精度综合剖面测量基础上,采用钻探进行深部验证的工作方法,对于指导矿区及区域内火山岩覆盖区的矿产勘查具用重要意义。     

浙江中部中生代火山岩和其他地层氟丰度与成矿关系的探讨

对本区11个地层系45个地层组(群)进行了氟丰度和区域地球化学背景研究。全区地层平均含氟0.063%,略高于克拉克值;浙西北为0.052%,相当于克拉克值;浙东南陈蔡隆起区为0.067%,是一高氟背景区。浙东南(陈蔡群)基底变质岩含氟0.094%,浙西北为0.048%,两者相差近一倍。浙东南中生界盖层含氟0.059%,浙西北为0.052%,前者也比后者高。基底变质岩和盖层火山岩有较高的含氟量,这不仅与区内萤石矿产的分布密度相一致,而且也与这一地区的金银贵金属、铅锌有色金属甚至黄铁矿等矿床的形成有关。陈蔡群变质岩的氟丰度偏高,含金、银等元素也偏高,为含金银等元素高氟背景基底,特别是其中的黑云斜长片麻岩,含氟(0.122%)和含金银等多种元素都很高,而且无例外地为这些矿床的直接围岩。经确定,该岩石为矿源层。我们认为,这些金属和非金属的脉状矿床都是被加热的地下水的活动产物,属于地热水后生再造型层控矿床。     

浙江天台─嵊县地区火山岩型银(金)矿床地质地球化学特征(摘要)

中国东南部浙闽粤沿海地带中、新生代火山岩区，是我国重要的金银多金属成矿带，本研究的重点是对该矿带的浙江天台一瞬县地区火山岩型资金属矿床（大岭口矿床和毫石矿床）的地质地球化学特征进行探讨。1区域地质及区域地球化学特征研究区位于中国大陆板块的东南缘，属大陆边缘火山带，主要出露上林罗统、白圣系火山（沉积）碎屑岩和熔岩，并有前震旦系陈蔡群变质岩少量分布。陈蔡群为本区基底地层，中、新生代火山岩不整合覆盖其上，构成了具有双层结构特征的变质岩一火山岩系。本区岩浆活动较强烈，侵入岩的分布受区域深大断裂构造制约，…     

论浙江黄岩五部铅锌矿的成矿特征和形成条件

五部铅锌矿,是产于浙东沿海中生代陆相火山岩中的大型矿床。矿区经几年的普查勘探和专题研究,对矿床的地质背景及其特征和成矿规律,均有了一定的认识,积累了丰富的实际资料。本文是在此基础上拟成,以祈对浙东沿海大片中生代火山岩地区铅锌矿的普查,找矿和勘探工作,能有所借鉴。     

尼加拉瓜乔尔蒂斯地块浅成低温热液含金石英脉形成的铅同位素证据(摘要)

报道了尼加拉瓜含金石英脉和某些可能源岩的铅同位素组成。石英脉产于新生代大陆边缘玄武岩和玄武岩质安山岩带中，该岩带是因属于科科斯板块的洋壳俯冲到加勒比板块的前中生代硅铝壳之下而形成的。尼加拉瓜东北部的火山岩显示出演化最充分的铅同位素组成，表明其受到了前新生代基底的强烈影响。与此相反，经检测表明，尼加拉瓜中部和西部的火山岩却未受到基底的影响。因此，尼加拉瓜这些火山岩的铅同位素组虚随着洋底玄武岩和前中生代陆壳这两个铝源的变化而变化．根据践金属含量、构造走向和铅同位素组成，可将尼加拉瓜含金石英脉分为H类…     

云南墨江金矿床成矿作用探讨

云南墨江金矿床位于“三江”褶皱带哀牢山板块结合带北段的墨江 -九甲断裂带中。矿体分布于金厂超基性岩体西侧的金厂组烂山段含火山物质的硅质岩、变余粉砂岩和板岩中 ,矿体由含金石英脉、含金硅质岩组成 ,金矿体受层位和岩性控制。在矿区还分布晚于金矿化形成的镍矿体。金镍矿体共同存在于同一矿区 ,矿区围岩蚀变种类多 ,与金矿化有关的围岩蚀变主要有硅化、黄铁矿化等。矿体的空间分布与穿插关系表明 ,金成矿作用开始于晚三叠世以前。含金硅质岩具有沉积作用形成的地质特征 ,其稀土元素、氧、硅同位素地球化学特征与热水沉积作用形成的硅质岩一致 ;含金石英脉的矿物组成、结构和构造特征、稀土元素、硅同位素、微量元素组成与含金硅质岩相似 ,可能与硅质岩具有相似物质来源或形成作用。金矿石中金与镍、铬等元素的相关性很低。推断金矿床成矿作用可能开始于中石炭世含金硅质岩的热水沉积作用 ,在早三叠世以前 ,成矿热液通过充填和交代作用在硅质岩和上部的岩石中形成含金石英脉。后来的区域变质作用、超基性岩自变质作用及镍矿化作用可能使金矿体的金含量提高 ,但没有产生具有工业意义的独立金矿化。     

吉林五凤─五星山低硫型浅成热液金矿床地质特征与成矿条件

五凤—五星山金矿床属中生代陆相火山岩低流型浅成热液型金矿床。侏罗系上统金沟岭组火山岩为其主要矿源层，矿体受火山机构的断裂、裂隙和次火山岩脉内外接触带控制。碱长花岗岩侵入金沟岭组底部，为金矿形成提供了热源。成矿作用主要在低压、中性介质和弱氧化、超浅成条件下进行。金矿一般富集于矿体上部；矿体转弯、膨大处及分支复合处；强冰长石绢云母硅化蚀变岩中；含细粒黄铁矿的方解石石英脉；辉银矿集中地段。     

粤东中生代火山旋回划分及对比

本文在基本查明火山岩系地层层序及变化的基础上,将粤东地区中生代火山岩划分为上、下两个岩系,四个旋回,对各旋回特征作了简要总结,并进行了区域对比分析。     

浙江仙岩容矿次生石英岩体的分带性及其岩石化学演化特征

仙岩矿区位于浙东沿海中生代火山岩带大罗山巨型破火山口的西南边缘,地处北东向、北北东向和北西向区域性断裂带的交汇部位,为一中心式火山机构之所在。     

吉林延吉八道金矿构造控矿模式

八道金矿为延吉中生代火山岩型金矿中较为典型的矿床之一。其矿床成因，除与火山作用有关之外直接受构造的控制，而火山作用本身又与区域深大断裂有关。本文着重讨论了矿区火山岩与朝阳河断裂的关系及构造控矿模式。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.