亚硝酸盐对乳酸发酵缺氧-好氧SBR脱氮系统除磷的影响

在以可溶性淀粉为唯一碳源、进水含有硝态氮的缺氧-好氧SBR脱氮除磷系统中,研究了投配亚硝态氮对该乳酸发酵系统除磷的影响.试验结果显示,初始投加亚硝酸盐的浓度分别为2、5、10 mg·L~(-1)时对系统的缺氧吸磷及好氧吸磷都产生了抑制作用,缺氧阶段的释磷量和释磷速率随进水亚硝酸盐浓度的增大而升高.亚硝酸盐对缺氧期液相中乳酸和污泥中糖原的积累都有明显的影响,当亚硝酸盐浓度由0 mg·L~(-1)升至10 mg·L~(-1)时,乳酸浓度由14.06 mg·L~(-1)下降至1.56 mg·L~(-1),相反污泥中糖原的含量从235.69 mg·g~(-1)上升至272.97 mg·g~(-1)(以VSS计,下同),并且在好氧阶段糖原的消耗量增加,污泥的吸磷量也随之增加.研究表明,亚硝酸盐对淀粉直接发酵成乳酸的过程及糖原转化为乳酸的过程均有抑制作用.     

DO对高氨氮渗滤液短程生物脱氮反硝化过程动力学的影响

为考察实际高氨氮垃圾渗滤液短程生物脱氮过程DO对以NO2--N为电子受体反硝化动力学的影响,本研究采用缺氧/厌氧UASB-SBR生化系统处理实际高氨氮垃圾渗滤液,在SBR系统实现稳短程生物脱氮(120d运行)的基础上,取SBR反应器内的污泥进行pH8.0条件下不同DO浓度梯度反硝化批次试验,从而确定DO对以NO2--N为电子受体的溶解氧抑制系数(K′O)的影响.试验结果表明,DO对反硝菌的NO2--N还原活性具有明显影响,与缺氧状态相比,DO为0.4和0.6mg·L-1时,其还原活性分别降低了49.0%和16.3%左右.DO与NO2--N还原速率两者呈指数负相关.DO对NO2--N为电子受体K′O具有显著影响,存在明显的分段现象,每一DO范围内,K′O恒定.     

The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on long-term stability of partial nitrification process

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is regarded as one of the crucial factors to influence partial nitrification process. However, achieving and keeping stable partial nitrification under different DO concentrations were widely reported. The mechanism of DO concentration influencing partial nitrification is still unclear. Therefore, in this study two same sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) cultivated same seeding sludge were built up with real-time control strategy. Different DO concentrations were controlled in SBRs to explore the effect of DO concentration on the long-term stability of partial nitrification process at room temperature. It was discovered that ammonium oxidation rate (AOR) was inhibited when DO concentration decreased from 2.5 to 0.5 mg/L. The abundance of Nitrospira increased from 10^11.5 to 10^13.7 copies/g DNA, and its relative percentage increased from 0.056% to 3.2% during 190 operational cycles, causing partial nitrification gradually turning into complete nitrification process. However, when DO was 2.5 mg/L the abundance of Nitrospira was stable and AOB was always kept at 10^10.7 copies/g DNA. High AOR was maintained, and stable partial nitrification process was kept. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity was significantly higher than nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity at DO of 2.5 mg/L, which was crucial to maintain excellent nitrite accumulation performance.     

pH对鸟粪石吸附海藻酸的影响及机制

鸟粪石结晶沉淀法回收剩余污泥中磷工艺具有良好的应用前景,但污泥中有机物,特别是大量的胞外聚合物(EPS),易吸附到鸟粪石表面对其结晶过程产生一定的影响,而pH是影响其吸附性能的关键因素.由于海藻酸化学性质与EPS相似,以海藻酸作为EPS替代物,在弱碱性条件(7.5≤pH≤11)下开展鸟粪石吸附海藻酸实验.利用自动电位滴定仪对鸟粪石进行表面酸碱滴定,借助恒电容模型计算其表面酸碱平衡常数;同时采用三层模型对吸附数据进行模拟计算,探讨pH影响鸟粪石吸附海藻酸的机制.结果表明,鸟粪石表面吸、脱附质子常数分别为7.6和-10.6,表面位密度为12个·nm~(-2);在离子强度为0.1 mol·L~(-1)NaCl条件下pH的增大抑制鸟粪石对海藻酸的吸附;鸟粪石对海藻酸吸附机理主要通过外层络合及内层络合协同作用,其中外层络合作用始终占主导优势.     

二氯苯醌对斑马鱼胚胎发育及超氧化物歧化酶的影响

2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌（2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone,2,6-DCBQ）作为一种新型消毒副产物,因其高检出率及高含量的特点而备受人们关注.本研究以斑马鱼胚胎为实验材料探究了2,6-DCBQ的发育毒性.结果发现：斑马鱼胚胎在8~24 hpf（器官发育形成时期）对2,6-DCBQ暴露最为敏感,死亡率最高;2,6-DCBQ安全浓度为27.15 μg·L^-1,属于极度危险外源化学物.在本实验中,2,6-DCBQ对斑马鱼的生长没有显著影响,但高浓度（100和150 μg·L^-1）2,6-DCBQ会显著增加斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼的畸形率.在实验过程中还发现,高浓度（≥ 80 μg·L^-1）2,6-DCBQ会明显抑制斑马鱼胚胎的心率.此外,≥ 30 μg·L^-1 2,6-DCBQ可提高超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）的活性,并影响Cu/ZnSOD和MnSOD的正常转录.本研究较全面地探究了2,6-DCBQ对斑马鱼早期发育阶段的发育毒性,可为2,6-DCBQ的毒性研究提供可靠证据.     

The effect of queen pheromones on worker honey bee ovary development

We report results that address a long-standing controversy in honey bee biology, the identity of the queen-produced compounds that inhibit worker honey bee ovary development. As the honey bee is the only organism for which identities have been proposed for any pheromone that regulates reproduction, the resolution of its identity is of broad significance. We examined the effects of synthetic honey bee queen mandibular pheromone (QMP), four newly identified queen retinue pheromone components, and whole-queen extracts on the ovary development of caged worker bees. The newly identified compounds did not inhibit worker ovary development alone, nor did they improve the efficacy of QMP when applied in combination. QMP was as effective as queen extracts at ovary regulation. Caged workers in the QMP and queen extract treatments had better developed ovaries than did workers remaining in queenright colonies. We conclude that QMP is responsible for the ovary-regulating pheromonal capability of queens from European-derived Apis mellifera subspecies.