Landscape structure and land uese on county level in northeastern Yunnan Province of China—a case study of Huize County

Taking Huize County as an example, the paper analyzed the landscape structure(landscape element structure, landscape type structure, landscape spatial structure, landscape succession structure) and the relations between landscape structure and land use. It was pointed out that the agriculture should be developed in harmony with the landscape structure in the study area.     

Changes of surface water pollution of Suzhou region:a case study in Taicang County, China

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Changes of surface water pollution of Suzhou region: a case study in Taicang County, China

Environmental pollution is a by product of industrialization when economy of a region is developing. China also suffers from such a problem, especially in the southern part like Suzhou region in Jiangsu Province. In this paper, data covering situations of surface water pollution and social and economic development showed that the surface water pollution in Taicang County, a typical economic zone of Suzhou region, is significantly correlated to the economic growth of this region     

Fighting against water crisis in China—A glimpse of water regime shift at county level

Three decades of economy growth and urbanization has brought China into the rim of water crisis. Transition to sustainability has gained consensus and put into practice at all administrative levels. However, due to locking mechanisms such as sunken investments, vested interests, and economic structure, such transition would not prove to be easy. Here we adopt the Multi-Level Perspective framework to analyze a county level water regime shift in Yiwu of Zhejiang province, which is representative for its economic success and severity of water problem in China. The transition is described as the interactions between water regime subsystems including society, economy, administration, infrastructure, and natural water cycling process, as well as the influence from the landscape level such as politics. Figures show that the water system is making a turnaround to the better side, while the government plays a key role in pushing and managing the transition. This study allows us to have a glimpse of the whole water regime transition currently happening in China, as well as being used for reference in other parts of the developing world, for the promoting of sustainable water resource management.     

The effect of conservation tillage in managing climate change in arid and semiarid areas—a case study in Northwest China

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Coastal cities are exposed to high risks due to climate change, as they are potentially affected by both rising sea levels and increasingly...     

Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass — A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants in Jiangsu Province, China

Power generation using straw biomass has quantifiable benefits from an economic, ecological, and sociological perspective in China. The methods used to construct the assessment models of these integrated benefits were the revenue capitalization approach and the discounted-cash-flow approach. The results indicated that a straw power plant with the capacity of 2.50×10⁷W and burning 1.23×10⁵ tons of cotton straw could annually supply 1.40×10⁸ kWh of power. However, it would not be until six years later that these results could be measured. Over the long term, the gross benefits could reach up to 4.63×10⁸ Yuan. Therefore, the total benefits are expected to be 1.18 × 10¹² Yuan if all available straw resources are used to generate power. The policy implication showed that the long-term integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass outweighed the short-term benefits. This is the main incentive to use straw biomass for power generation in the future.     

Impacts of climate change on development rate and production of corn in the northeastern China

In this paper, the impacts of climate change on development rate and production of corn in the northeastern China are discussed. The results show that the higher the temperature is, the faster the development rate will be. And the more the precipitation is, the slower the development rate will be. Of which, air temperature is the controlling factor of corn development rate. The influences of development rate on corn yield are remarkable. The impacts of development rate on production in first and last periods are great, and small in the middle two periods. The development rate is positive by relate with corn production from sowing to emergence stage and negative during other periods. So, it is very important to arrange a suitable sowing time for com cultivating in the northeastern China.     

Prediction and coordination of the man-environment system—a case study in Jiaozuo City

In this paper, the new systematical theory and methodology have been applied to the research on the structure, development and coordination of man-environment system in Jiaozuo City. It has been proved that the application of self-organization theory of synergism is successful. Furthermore, on the basis of self-organization theory, a series of mathematical models have been established. The prediction of the status of man-environment system in Jiaozuo City by the year 2010, was made, and the trend of population growth, industrial development, environmental pollution were given. Finally, suggestions for the future development of Jiaozuo City were mentioned.     

How water saving irrigation contributes to climate change resilience—a case study of practices in China

A warming climate system is now an indisputable fact. An effective response to climate change should include both mitigation and adaptation. Water is essential to human survival and social development. But the shortage of water resources is a worldwide problem, which in China has been exacerbated by climate change. In order to find out how to cope with climate change successfully, this study, on the basis of China statistical data 2007–2009, quantitatively analyzes the role of water saving irrigation (WSI) in addressing climate change. The study shows that water saving irrigation (WSI) can serve as a useful enabler in dealing with climate change. From the perspective of mitigation, the 3-year total CO₂ emission reduction stands at 34.67 (21.83 ~ 47.48) Mt, about per year 11.56(7.28 ~ 15.83)Mt. From the perspective of adaptation, the total water saved from 2007 to 2009 stands at 96.85 (61.81 ~ 129.66) Gm³. If per unit farmland irrigation takes a 3-year average of agricultural water consumption, the water saved in 2009 is enough to irrigate additional 5.70 (3.80 ~ 7.80) Mhm², or to increase the grain yield by 22.04 (14.68 ~ 30.15) Gt. In addition, WSI can reduce soil salinization and conserve soil to sustain land productivity and environmental benefits. So WSI can be a positive measure in coping with climate change when it is rightly deployed. However, the costs and local context of such practices call for further studies.     

Landscape patterns and their evolutions in the suburban ecotone A case study of the eastern suburb of Beijing

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基于景观结构的土地利用生态风险空间特征分析 ——以江西兴国县为例

本文以我国典型的红壤丘陵区——江西兴国县为研究对象,基于景观结构中的景观干扰度指数和景观脆弱度指数构建土地利用生态风险指数,并借助空间统计学中的空间自相关和半方差分析方法,进行土地利用生态风险的空间分布和梯度变化特征分析.结果表明,研究区内的土地利用生态风险度存在着一定的空间正相关性,并随着粒度增大,呈现出下降的趋势.1994-2005年的11年中,研究区生态环境质量整体有所上升,土地利用生态风险指数较高的地区有所较少.研究区的中部区域生态风险度高,相邻区域的生态风险度也较高.1994年和2005年,研究区生态风险指数空间分异的步长都比较小,分别为43km和9.3km.     

中国县域土地利用结构类型研究

论文简要阐述了土地利用结构和土地利用结构类型研究的意义,进而提出了土地利用结构类型划分的原则、依据。在此基础上,基于土地利用分县的详查数据,以全国2475个县域为基本单元,运用最小方差法对其进行了土地利用结构类型的划分。对初次分类结果进行分析,制定原则并对其进行处理,将定性分析与定量研究相结合,最终确立了一个由6个土地利用结构系列和44个土地利用结构类型构成的中国县域土地利用结构类型分类系统。最后,对中国县域土地利用主要结构类型的地域分异规律及开发利用方向进行了探讨。     

农户土地利用决策对农业景观格局的影响研究——以陕西省米脂县孟岔村为例

探讨微观主体——农户土地利用行为与宏观农业景观格局之间的互动机理,对于了解农户行为的变迁,认识和理解农业景观格局的演变特征和过程,进而调控农户土地利用行为和优化农业景观格局,显然具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文利用构建的农户土地利用决策模型、个体对群体与群体对整体权重影响模型,利用实际收集的陕西省米脂县孟岔村2007年与2008年数据(地籍、地块面积与农户收入等数据),探讨占优势的土地利用决策与占优势的农业景观格局关系。得出如下结论:①占优势的土地利用决策并不一定形成该土地利用方式占优势的土地利用格局;②当年占优势的农户整体土地利用决策并不一定形成次年该土地利用方式占优势的土地利用格局。并提出今后需要进一步研究与探讨的问题:①完善农户土地利用决策模型,在模型中增加风险规避、土地轮作、特殊地类转化等因素;②进一步探索整合地块面积及其空间布局与土地利用决策的方法。     

景观格局对大气污染的影响—以福建省为例

以福建省为研究对象,利用37个国家环境空气自动监测站点的监测数据和土地利用/覆盖数据,首先分析了土地利用/覆盖对SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO浓度年变化和季节变化的影响;其次建立国控点不同半径的缓冲区并计算景观格局指数,探讨不同尺度下土地利用/覆盖的景观格局对SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO浓度的影响。结果表明：土地利用/覆盖对大气污染物浓度变化的影响显著,建设用地的SO₂、NO₂、CO浓度均为最高,耕地的O₃浓度为最高。不同大气污染物浓度在不同土地利用/覆盖下的季节变化存在差异,耕地的SO₂浓度呈春冬季低,夏秋季高,其余污染物呈春冬季高,夏秋季低;NO₂浓度均呈春冬季高,夏秋季低;耕地与林地的O₃浓度为春秋季高,夏冬季低,建设用地与草地则从春季到冬季依次递减;CO浓度均为夏秋季低,春冬季高。不同景观指数对不同大气污染物浓度的影响存在差异及尺度效应,其中,春冬季3 000 m和夏秋季4 000 m半径范围内草地的斑块密度（PD）对SO₂浓度的影响较为显著且呈负相关,说明草地的PD越大,SO₂浓度越低;春冬季4 000 m半径范围内林地的斑块数量（NP）与NO₂浓度呈正相关,说明林地越破碎,NO₂浓度越高,而3 000 m半径范围内建设用地的NP与NO₂浓度呈负相关,说明建设用地越破碎,NO₂浓度越低;5 000 m半径范围内耕地的景观所占比例（PLAND）与O₃浓度呈正相关,说明耕地的PLAND越大,O₃浓度越高,1 000 m半径范围内林地的PLAND与O₃浓度呈正相关,说明林地PLAND的增加对O₃浓度的增加有一定的影响;除秋季外,1 000 m半径范围内林地的PLAND与CO浓度呈负相关,说明林地的PLAND越大,CO浓度越低。同时,通过对不同尺度下景观指数的分析发现,SO₂的最佳研究尺度为3 000 m;NO₂的最佳研究尺度为4 000 m;O₃的最佳研究尺度为5 000 m;CO的较佳研究尺度为3 000 m。

     

云南澜沧江流域土地利用及其变化对景观生态风险的影响

利用GIS的空间分析功能,对云南澜沧江流域1980年、1992年和2000年3期TM遥感影像解译的土地利用解译数据进行图层代数运算,定量分析了土地利用变化及各种土地利用方式的相互转化关系;在土地利用变化的基础上,以景观干扰指数和土地利用类型的敏感度指数为评价指标,分析了不同研究时段内不同空间范围的景观生态风险变化情况.研究结果表明,自1992年以来该流域牛态环境受人类活动干扰增强,耕地、林地、草地三者之间相互转化频率较高;土地利用结构的变化已导致景观生态风险指数发生显著时空差异,中级以上的生态风险主要分布于该流域的中下游,分布范围呈东南向西北方向扩展,风险较高的地区增加幅度较大.受地形、地貌的影响,该区域的景观生态风险各向异性较显著,自相关范围在7.5km之内.澜沧江流域景观生态风险有扩大的趋势,应加强中级以上景观生态风险区域的生态保护与建设,以实现澜沧江流域的生态环境与社会经济的可持续发展.     

基于InVEST-PLUS模型的碳储量空间关联性及预测——以广东省为例

构建土地利用碳储量数据库,基于InVEST模型Carbon模块,得到广东省1990~2020年碳储量时空分布情况.用Moran’s I指数和Getis-Ord Gi^*分析格网尺度下碳储量时空分布特征,用Anselin Local Moran’s I得到LISA集聚图.然后运用PLUS模型和14个土地利用驱动因子预测2050年土地利用及其碳储量分布.结果表明,土地利用变化直接影响区域碳储量高低,林地、草地等具有生态服务功能地类碳密度最高,分别是188.44,329.34Mg/hm².碳储量空间格局整体呈现出中部低、北部高、东西中等的特点.碳储量空间分布特征与土地利用特征一致,碳储量显著高值集聚区域分布在建设用地少、生态用地多且连片的粤北地区,显著低值区域分布在国土开发强度和生态用地破碎化程度高的珠三角地带.在自然发展情景下,到2050年广东省土地利用碳储量将减少4327.21万Mg,随着国土空间进一步开发,环珠江口沿岸城市碳储量持续下降.增加植被生态系统碳储量,是实现碳中和的重要手段之一.要继续维持粤北山区生态保护屏障的重要地位,减缓珠三角城市土地开发强度,提高建设用地集约节约能力,形成平衡协调的土地利用和碳储量格局.     

湖南省不同土地利用方式的碳排放效应及时空格局分析

土地利用变化是造成碳排放量增长的主要原因.运用相关统计数据,测算并分析了湖南省不同土地利用方式的碳排放效应及时空差异.结果表明,2003-2009年,湖南省净碳排放量呈增加趋势,年均增加478.15万t,而单位GDP碳排放强度却呈下降趋势,且与人均GDP呈现出倒U型曲线关系,曲线拐点在人均GDP达到0.97～1.00万元·人-1附近.同期,湖南省建设用地和耕地成为主要的碳源,其中,建设用地碳排放量年均增加约483.19万t,对净碳排放量的年均贡献率超过84％;林地为主要碳汇,其碳汇量年均可达769.67万t.2009年,湖南省净碳排放量存在着明显的区域差异,总体上呈现从东到西、从北到南逐渐减小的趋势,其中,娄底、岳阳、湘潭与郴州4市属于高排放-低效率(HE-LE)类型;永州、怀化、吉首与张家界4市属于低排放-高效率(LE-HE)类型;邵阳、长沙、常德、株洲、衡阳与益阳6市属于中排放-中效率(ME-ME)类型.     

区域土地利用转型分析——以长江沿线样带为例

区域土地利用形态与其经济和社会发展阶段相对应,它随着某个区域所处的经济和社会发展阶段的变化而变化。区域土地利用转型,即区域土地利用形态在时序上的变化,它通常与经济和社会发展阶段的转型相对应。论文在划分长江沿线样带土地利用变化的区域类型基础上,结合社会经济统计数据,分析了各区段耕地和建设用地的变化。研究表明,长江沿线样带区域农村建房用地的转型基本上能反映整个样带的区域土地利用转型,且各区段所处的农村建房用地转型阶段非常明显。此外,还发现样带各区段所处的农村建房用地转型阶段与整个样带的社会经济发展水平相吻合。     

干旱区县域景观格局变化轨迹识别——以宁夏盐池县为例

细致的景观格局时空刻画可以为格局与过程耦合机制分析奠定坚实的数据基础。以半干旱区县域景观格局变化轨迹识别为目标,基于Landsat影像构建了宁夏盐池县1988-2017年景观格局序列,识别景观组分、构型的演化轨迹。研究表明：（1）盐池县研究时段内植被整体增加,显著增加的景观占比为33.53%;裸土整体减少,显著减少的景观占比为35.78%。（2）四项景观构型指数显示,近年来盐池县景观斑块的边缘复杂程度有所加强,除植被的集聚程度不断增加外,其他景观类型的集聚程度相对稳定。（3）盐池县35.08%的像元发生变化,其中变化1次和2次的像元分别占比54.63%和28.60%,首末变化年份间隔为三年的像元占比12.39%。基于连续年份的半干旱区景观变化轨迹判定,可为生态恢复长期监测提供有力的方法支持。