Landscape structure and land uese on county level in northeastern Yunnan Province of China—a case study of Huize County

Taking Huize County as an example, the paper analyzed the landscape structure(landscape element structure, landscape type structure, landscape spatial structure, landscape succession structure) and the relations between landscape structure and land use. It was pointed out that the agriculture should be developed in harmony with the landscape structure in the study area.     

Changes of surface water pollution of Suzhou region:a case study in Taicang County, China

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Changes of surface water pollution of Suzhou region: a case study in Taicang County, China

Environmental pollution is a by product of industrialization when economy of a region is developing. China also suffers from such a problem, especially in the southern part like Suzhou region in Jiangsu Province. In this paper, data covering situations of surface water pollution and social and economic development showed that the surface water pollution in Taicang County, a typical economic zone of Suzhou region, is significantly correlated to the economic growth of this region     

Fighting against water crisis in China—A glimpse of water regime shift at county level

Three decades of economy growth and urbanization has brought China into the rim of water crisis. Transition to sustainability has gained consensus and put into practice at all administrative levels. However, due to locking mechanisms such as sunken investments, vested interests, and economic structure, such transition would not prove to be easy. Here we adopt the Multi-Level Perspective framework to analyze a county level water regime shift in Yiwu of Zhejiang province, which is representative for its economic success and severity of water problem in China. The transition is described as the interactions between water regime subsystems including society, economy, administration, infrastructure, and natural water cycling process, as well as the influence from the landscape level such as politics. Figures show that the water system is making a turnaround to the better side, while the government plays a key role in pushing and managing the transition. This study allows us to have a glimpse of the whole water regime transition currently happening in China, as well as being used for reference in other parts of the developing world, for the promoting of sustainable water resource management.     

The effect of conservation tillage in managing climate change in arid and semiarid areas—a case study in Northwest China

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Coastal cities are exposed to high risks due to climate change, as they are potentially affected by both rising sea levels and increasingly...     

Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass — A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants in Jiangsu Province, China

Power generation using straw biomass has quantifiable benefits from an economic, ecological, and sociological perspective in China. The methods used to construct the assessment models of these integrated benefits were the revenue capitalization approach and the discounted-cash-flow approach. The results indicated that a straw power plant with the capacity of 2.50×10⁷W and burning 1.23×10⁵ tons of cotton straw could annually supply 1.40×10⁸ kWh of power. However, it would not be until six years later that these results could be measured. Over the long term, the gross benefits could reach up to 4.63×10⁸ Yuan. Therefore, the total benefits are expected to be 1.18 × 10¹² Yuan if all available straw resources are used to generate power. The policy implication showed that the long-term integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass outweighed the short-term benefits. This is the main incentive to use straw biomass for power generation in the future.     

Prediction and coordination of the man-environment system—a case study in Jiaozuo City

In this paper, the new systematical theory and methodology have been applied to the research on the structure, development and coordination of man-environment system in Jiaozuo City. It has been proved that the application of self-organization theory of synergism is successful. Furthermore, on the basis of self-organization theory, a series of mathematical models have been established. The prediction of the status of man-environment system in Jiaozuo City by the year 2010, was made, and the trend of population growth, industrial development, environmental pollution were given. Finally, suggestions for the future development of Jiaozuo City were mentioned.     

How water saving irrigation contributes to climate change resilience—a case study of practices in China

A warming climate system is now an indisputable fact. An effective response to climate change should include both mitigation and adaptation. Water is essential to human survival and social development. But the shortage of water resources is a worldwide problem, which in China has been exacerbated by climate change. In order to find out how to cope with climate change successfully, this study, on the basis of China statistical data 2007–2009, quantitatively analyzes the role of water saving irrigation (WSI) in addressing climate change. The study shows that water saving irrigation (WSI) can serve as a useful enabler in dealing with climate change. From the perspective of mitigation, the 3-year total CO₂ emission reduction stands at 34.67 (21.83 ~ 47.48) Mt, about per year 11.56(7.28 ~ 15.83)Mt. From the perspective of adaptation, the total water saved from 2007 to 2009 stands at 96.85 (61.81 ~ 129.66) Gm³. If per unit farmland irrigation takes a 3-year average of agricultural water consumption, the water saved in 2009 is enough to irrigate additional 5.70 (3.80 ~ 7.80) Mhm², or to increase the grain yield by 22.04 (14.68 ~ 30.15) Gt. In addition, WSI can reduce soil salinization and conserve soil to sustain land productivity and environmental benefits. So WSI can be a positive measure in coping with climate change when it is rightly deployed. However, the costs and local context of such practices call for further studies.     

Landscape ecology of the region surrounding Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Province of China based on remote sensing

--A region surrounding Qinghai Lake was chosen as thestudy area and nine ecological landscape types that were recognizedbased on Landsat TM image classification of land cover/use typesalong with the ancillary data, and their ecological features andthe measures dealing with the eco-environmental problems arepresented in this paper. The study has shown that using thisapproach the ecological landscape types in a region like the studyarea can be readily recognized and their ecological features can berather accurately derived. Moreover, the deterioration in near alllandscape ecological types in the area is quite serious. Therefore,effective and proper measures have to be taken in order to realizea sustainable development of the region.     

The Reasons for Different Results of Acquiring English and Chinese in China——One case of a Korean student

This article mainly presents the phenomenon of results of acquiring different language in China as a Korean student.Obviously,the acquiring of Chinese is much easier in China.Moreover,it puts forward reasons of different languages’effects,which are attitude,motivation between Chinese and English.     

农户土地利用决策对农业景观格局的影响研究——以陕西省米脂县孟岔村为例

探讨微观主体——农户土地利用行为与宏观农业景观格局之间的互动机理,对于了解农户行为的变迁,认识和理解农业景观格局的演变特征和过程,进而调控农户土地利用行为和优化农业景观格局,显然具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文利用构建的农户土地利用决策模型、个体对群体与群体对整体权重影响模型,利用实际收集的陕西省米脂县孟岔村2007年与2008年数据(地籍、地块面积与农户收入等数据),探讨占优势的土地利用决策与占优势的农业景观格局关系。得出如下结论:①占优势的土地利用决策并不一定形成该土地利用方式占优势的土地利用格局;②当年占优势的农户整体土地利用决策并不一定形成次年该土地利用方式占优势的土地利用格局。并提出今后需要进一步研究与探讨的问题:①完善农户土地利用决策模型,在模型中增加风险规避、土地轮作、特殊地类转化等因素;②进一步探索整合地块面积及其空间布局与土地利用决策的方法。     

中国县域土地利用结构类型研究

论文简要阐述了土地利用结构和土地利用结构类型研究的意义,进而提出了土地利用结构类型划分的原则、依据。在此基础上,基于土地利用分县的详查数据,以全国2475个县域为基本单元,运用最小方差法对其进行了土地利用结构类型的划分。对初次分类结果进行分析,制定原则并对其进行处理,将定性分析与定量研究相结合,最终确立了一个由6个土地利用结构系列和44个土地利用结构类型构成的中国县域土地利用结构类型分类系统。最后,对中国县域土地利用主要结构类型的地域分异规律及开发利用方向进行了探讨。     

中部粮食主产区城镇化进程中农村土地变化的GIS分析和对策研究——以江西省为例

以中部地区的江西省为例,在分析其粮食产量变化轨迹基础上,选取1980、1995、2000年3个年份经过解译的LandsatTM遥感影像土地利用数据,应用GIS软件提取各年份土地利用类型及其面积数据,分析不同土地利用类型的变化轨迹,以及农业用地向城镇建设用地转变的面积及其分布。江西省的粮食总产量1978年开始不断提高,1985年后,年粮食总产量随年播种面积变化的趋势较明显,即播种面积高的年份,粮食的总产量也高。GIS分析结果显示,改革开放以来江西省绝大部分地区都出现了农业用地向城镇建设用地转变的现象,鄱阳湖平原地区成为农业用地向城镇建设用地转变的集中地区,农业用地向城镇建设用地转变较大的土地利用单元出现于京九铁路、浙赣铁路和湘赣铁路等交通沿线的大、中型城市周围。城镇化导致了耕地大面积减少,从而影响了粮食产量,协调对策主要有提高播种面积,引种优良作物品种,提高农民的种粮积极性等。     

景观格局对大气污染的影响—以福建省为例

以福建省为研究对象,利用37个国家环境空气自动监测站点的监测数据和土地利用/覆盖数据,首先分析了土地利用/覆盖对SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO浓度年变化和季节变化的影响;其次建立国控点不同半径的缓冲区并计算景观格局指数,探讨不同尺度下土地利用/覆盖的景观格局对SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO浓度的影响。结果表明：土地利用/覆盖对大气污染物浓度变化的影响显著,建设用地的SO₂、NO₂、CO浓度均为最高,耕地的O₃浓度为最高。不同大气污染物浓度在不同土地利用/覆盖下的季节变化存在差异,耕地的SO₂浓度呈春冬季低,夏秋季高,其余污染物呈春冬季高,夏秋季低;NO₂浓度均呈春冬季高,夏秋季低;耕地与林地的O₃浓度为春秋季高,夏冬季低,建设用地与草地则从春季到冬季依次递减;CO浓度均为夏秋季低,春冬季高。不同景观指数对不同大气污染物浓度的影响存在差异及尺度效应,其中,春冬季3 000 m和夏秋季4 000 m半径范围内草地的斑块密度（PD）对SO₂浓度的影响较为显著且呈负相关,说明草地的PD越大,SO₂浓度越低;春冬季4 000 m半径范围内林地的斑块数量（NP）与NO₂浓度呈正相关,说明林地越破碎,NO₂浓度越高,而3 000 m半径范围内建设用地的NP与NO₂浓度呈负相关,说明建设用地越破碎,NO₂浓度越低;5 000 m半径范围内耕地的景观所占比例（PLAND）与O₃浓度呈正相关,说明耕地的PLAND越大,O₃浓度越高,1 000 m半径范围内林地的PLAND与O₃浓度呈正相关,说明林地PLAND的增加对O₃浓度的增加有一定的影响;除秋季外,1 000 m半径范围内林地的PLAND与CO浓度呈负相关,说明林地的PLAND越大,CO浓度越低。同时,通过对不同尺度下景观指数的分析发现,SO₂的最佳研究尺度为3 000 m;NO₂的最佳研究尺度为4 000 m;O₃的最佳研究尺度为5 000 m;CO的较佳研究尺度为3 000 m。

     

土地利用景观格局对城市扩张影响研究

我国处于快速城市化阶段,城市化过程所带来的问题十分突出。针对城市扩张问题,涌现出大量关于城市扩张影响因素以及城市扩张建模的研究。目前对城市扩张行为进行研究选取的影响因素主要可以分为两类:①空间可达性以及空间约束,包括水源、道路、城市中心等可达性,地形、保护用地等约束;②社会经济因素,包括人口增长、经济增长、政策等。该研究突破传统城市扩张影响因素研究范围,选择从城市土地利用景观格局特征来研究城市扩张,以北京市为例分析了按网格划分提取的多种景观格局指标与建设用地增长之间的相关性,并探讨了时间尺度对探测这种相关性的影响。从结果当中可以得到以下3个结论:城市景观格局特征对于非建设用地向建设用地转化在位置与数量上的影响机制有稳定性;时间尺度对于正确地表达它们之间的关系至关重要;由于不同时期城市化特征的差异,其关系不断发生变化。     

三峡库区土地利用与景观格局变化研究

在地理信息系统(GIS)支持下,运用ArcGis软件和景观生态学的方法,对1980～2004年三峡库区土地利用和景观结构的时空变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:24年间三峡库区1495.97km2的土地利用面积发生变化,研究区域综合土地利用变化动态度达0.13%,区域土地利用斑块数由50858增加为50998个,平均斑块面积由1.103 km2/个减小到1.10km2/个。区域土地利用空间格局指数中多样性指数增长0.14%,均匀度指数增长0.23%,破碎度指数增长0.22%,优势度指数降低0.30%。土地利用类型变化的面积大小依次是建设用地>水田>旱耕地>草地>水域>林地>未利用地,土地利用的动态转化过程以林地、草地、旱耕地的相互转化与旱耕地向水田的转化为主。     

基于RS和地统计学的福州市土地利用分析

土地作为一个开放的复杂巨系统,演变过程受到自然、社会经济及各种突发因素的综合影响,表现出复杂的非线性特征和空间自组织性,不同的土地利用方式组合形成了不同的景观和景观结构,通过空间格局分析可以把土地利用和土地覆被的空间特征与时间过程紧密联系起来,从而可以更好地分析土地利用和土地覆被的时空演变规律。文章基于遥感解译数据,从地统计学分析方法探讨土地利用景观格局空间分异特征,结果表明:人类对土地的改造活动不断加强,土地景观的多样性趋于均匀化,土地结构在空间上呈现均质化;人为改造活动是景观格局动态变化的主要驱动力来源,自然区域性因素是福州市景观格局动态变化的约束因子;生态风险指数分布区域与非农建设用地分布集中的区域具有显著的空间相关性,人为影响比较大的地方,往往是高生态风险的分布区。     

基于景观结构的土地利用生态风险空间特征分析——以江西兴国县为例

本文以我国典型的红壤丘陵区——江西兴国县为研究对象,基于景观结构中的景观干扰度指数和景观脆弱度指数构建土地利用生态风险指数,并借助空间统计学中的空间自相关和半方差分析方法,进行土地利用生态风险的空间分布和梯度变化特征分析.结果表明,研究区内的土地利用生态风险度存在着一定的空间正相关性,并随着粒度增大,呈现出下降的趋势.1994-2005年的11年中,研究区生态环境质量整体有所上升,土地利用生态风险指数较高的地区有所较少.研究区的中部区域生态风险度高,相邻区域的生态风险度也较高.1994年和2005年,研究区生态风险指数空间分异的步长都比较小,分别为43km和9.3km.     

一个基于土地利用详查的中国土地资源利用区划新方案

文章简要总结了中国土地资源利用分区工作,进而提出了中国土地资源利用区划的原则、依据和指标体系,确立了中国土地资源利用区划体系与分级。在此基础上,基于《全国土地利用详查》的分县汇总数据,以分县为单元,把自上而下的定性分析和自下而上的定量归并两种区划途径相结合,在县域土地利用结构类型聚类分析的基础上,承继前人的相关工作,提出了一个由12个土地利用区和67个土地利用亚区构成的中国土地资源利用区划新方案,编制完成中国土地资源利用分区图。该方案首次划分出了东南沿海区和藏东南-横断山区两个土地利用区,与以往的方案相比有所创新和发展;土地利用亚区的划分则强调国土开发的重点地区和土地严重退化或生态脆弱地区,从而更具实用性。