铅锌矿业废弃地草本植物重金属耐性研究

本文调查了四川甘洛铅锌矿废弃矿区和尾矿库区自然生长的15种草本植物，分析了其体内重金属（Pb、Zn、Cd）的含量，并对植物的重金属耐受性作了初步探讨。研究表明，在所采集的15种草本植物中，地上部分以小飞蓬对Pb、Zn、Cd的富集量最高；地下部分富集量则表现出较大的种间差异性，野烟对Pb的积累量最高，假酸浆对Zn的积累量最高，水蓼对Cd的积累量最高，但均未达到“超积累植物”的标准。     

攀枝花钒钛矿区植物对钛的富集特性研究

通过野外调查采样,分析了四川省攀枝花市朱家包包钒钛矿区土壤的重金属含量,以及攀枝花市朱家包包钒钛矿区生长的20种植物体内Ti的含量,并初步研究了植物对Ti的富集特性。结果表明,20种植物体内Ti的含量都未达到超富集植物的标准。在这些植物中,12号植物地上部对Ti的富集量最高;蕨类植物地下部对Ti的富集量最高;紫荆泽兰的富集能力较强而且其转移能力也是最强的,可作为Ti元素的耐性植物进行更进一步的研究。     

广西车河矿区表层土壤重金属污染及风险评价

以广西河池某矿区公路沿线的土壤样品作为研究对象,分析土壤中Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd 6种重金属含量及分布特征,采用潜在危险生态指数法对土壤环境质量进行评价。研究结果表明:矿区周边沿线表层土壤中重金属的平均含量普遍较高,Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd平均含量分别为41.97mg/kg、58.67mg/kg、98.52mg/kg、589.06 mg/kg、24.06mg/kg、5.09 mg/kg,均高出了当地的背景值;用Hakanson潜在危险生态指数法研究表明,6种重金属对对该地区的生态风险影响程度由高到低为:CdPbZnCuNiCr,说明该区的主要生态风险因素是Cd。     

浮床栽培茭白的生物学特征及水质净化作用研究

通过水面浮床栽培实验研究了水培茭白(Zizania caduciflora)植株的生长,并与土栽茭白作了对比.结果表明,水培茭株高在201～250cm之间,根长在29～54cm之间,地上部分鲜重42～184.5g/单株,约占总重的70%～80%,水、土栽培茭白生物学特征无显著差异.水培茭白体内N含量较土栽茭白的高, N/P差别明显,P含量差别不大.水培茭白与其他水培植物相比具有较强的N、P吸收能力,直接吸收N、P量分别为240.20 kg/hm2·a和21.60 kg/hm2·a,是一种可用于富营养化水体水质净化的优良植物.     

南极协和半岛表层土壤重金属基线及富集特征

依托中国南极科学考察平台采集南极协和半岛陆域表层土壤样本44个,并运用电耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和原子荧光普法测定表层土壤样本中的7种重金属含量:Cr(42.20~75.00 mg/kg),Ni(16.70~34.90 mg/kg),Cu(17.70~37.00 mg/kg),Zn(40.40~97.80 mg/kg),As(6.08~11.60 mg/kg),Hg(0.002~0.016 mg/kg),Pb(11.00~33.00 mg/kg)。依据相对累计频率分析7种重金属元素的化学基线值为:Cr(45.2mg/kg),Ni(22.6mg/kg)、Cu(21.8mg/kg),Zn(56.2mg/kg),As(8.1mg/kg),Hg(0.006mg/kg),Pb(14.3mg/kg)。运用富集因子判断重金属元素的富集特征,表明协和半岛表层土壤重金属元素Hg、Pb存在中度富集点,受到人为因素影响。     

攀西地区主要蔬菜基地土壤重金属含量及评价

对攀西地区米易县蔬菜基地的土壤进行采样,用原子吸收和石墨炉光谱法分析土壤中Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cd、As和Hg8种元素的含量。蔬菜基地土壤重金属平均含量分别为Cr 68．8mg／kg、Cu 22．3mg／kg、Ni27．6mg／kg、Zn 146．2mg／kg、Pb31．7mg／kg、Cd0．258mg／kg、As10．3mg／kg、Hg0．0618mg／kg。根据土壤环境质量标准（GB15618—1995）对检测结果进行了单因子和多因子综合污染指数评价。分析表明调查区内少部分蔬菜基地土壤受到轻度重金属污染,主要污染物为Cd元素,其余重金属元素的含量均在安全警戒线内。     

蓖麻（Ric inus communist L.）对锰矿区土壤中重金属累积特性的研究

为探讨蓖麻（Ricinus communist L.）对锰矿区土壤生态修复及能源化利用潜力,将不同品种蓖麻湘蓖1号和淄蓖7号播种在锰尾矿库土壤上,进入生殖生长阶段时采收全株,测定栽植土壤及植株根、茎、叶中5种重金属元素含量。结果显示：土壤中Mn平均含量最高达7884.96 mg＆#183;kg-1,超过国家规定的土壤环境质量域级标准6.5倍;湘蓖1号不同器官的Mn浓度从高至低为根＆gt;叶＆gt;茎,淄蓖7号不同器官Mn含量叶＆gt;茎＆gt;根,其叶中Mn平均浓度最高为765.43 mg＆#183;kg-1,较湘蓖1号叶中的平均含量高出79.53%, Pb、Cu、Cr含量及叶/根比值均大于湘蓖1号;植株体内重金属含量与土壤中重金属浓度的相关分析表明,重金属的积累量和转移量,受到土壤中几种重金属元素的共同影响。结果说明：2个品种的蓖麻均可以作为锰矿区能源化修复利用,对重金属的吸收和转运在品种间存在差异,淄蓖7号地上部分对重金属的迁移能力强于湘蓖1号。     

乐山市绿心公园土壤重金属含量的环境质量分析与评价

为研究乐山市“城中之林”绿心公园土壤环境质量状况,对绿心公园的土壤重金属铬、锌、铜、镍的含量进行了测定,利用统计分析、单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数、潜在生态危害指数法等对土壤环境质量状况进行了评价。结果表明:乐山绿心公园土壤各项重金属Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn的含量平均值分别为51.33mg/kg、45.07mg/kg、26.82mg/kg、135.31mg/kg,Cr、Ni的平均值均小于土壤环境背景值,Cu和Zn的平均值大于当地土壤环境背景值,分别是其参比值的1.4和1.5倍。Cr、Cu和Ni含量的最大值都小于国家土壤环境标准;Zn含量的最大值大于国家土壤环境标准,是标准的1.38倍。土壤中各监测点的重金属单因子污染指数大部分<1,综合污染指数均小于2,各采样点都属于轻微生态危害。以上说明Cu和Zn出现了不同程度的富集情况,Zn属于轻度污染,需采取及时有效措施以加强污染监测与控制。     

微波法与电热板消解法前处理对垃圾渗滤液重金属含量测定效果的应用比较

为准确有效地测定南充市垃圾渗滤液中多种重金属的含量,选取最适合垃圾渗滤液重金属测定的消解方法,分别采用电热板和微波消解两种方法对垃圾渗滤液进行了前处理,并测定了其中部分重金属的含量。测定结果表明,采用电热板和微波消解两种前处理方法,均能较为准确地测定垃圾渗滤液中的铜、锌等7种重金属元素,但从样品损失率以及准确度来看,微波消解时样品始终处于密闭体系,损失率低,样品的测定值准确性更高,可信度更强,因此在垃圾渗滤液重金属测定时,采用微波消解作为南充市城市生活垃圾渗滤液的前处理方法更具优势。     

全自动石墨消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中的重金属

建立了采用全自动石墨消解仪,硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解土壤样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析测定土壤中的铜、锌、铅、镉、镍和总铬6种重金属的分析方法.土壤中铜、锌、铅、镉、镍和总铬的检出限可达0.04～0.70 mg/kg,线性相关系数为0.9995～0.9999,准确度相对误差为-1.5％～2.3％,精密度相对标准偏差...     

Copper resource appraisal

Data are presented indicating the availability of copper from domestic sources in the US—what quantity can be produced and when and at what price. Included are supply and demand data, production methods and costs, geographic location of deposits in the US, by-product relationships and some problems affecting the industry.     

人尿中痕量铜的分光光度测定

本文采用自己合成的水溶性卟啉Ｔ（４－ＴＡＰ）Ｐ作试剂，在ｐＨ４５，盐酸羟胺存在下，建立了一种测定人尿中痕量铜的分光光度法，操作简便，结果准确，令人满意。     

Copper smelting and refining

Detailed research by the Commodities Research Unit (CRU) reveals a wide variation in direct operating costs at copper smelters and refineries. The cost curve for smelters is almost a straight line, indicating that so far there has been no levelling of costs as there has been in the mining industry. Operating costs at smelters using reverberatory furnaces are well below costs at plants using modern technology, but this apparent paradox is shown to be a reflection of location. CRU argues that costs are an important determinant of smelter/refinery competitiveness, but that other factors such as location and tariffs are also significant. Operating margins world-wide show enormous variations, but companies' increasing interest in their processing operations, coupled with changes in tariffs, are predicted to lead to a much more competitive market.     

The Selebi-Phikwe Nickel/Copper Mine in Botswana

The development of the Selebi-Phikwe nickel/copper mine from its inception to the commencement of production and the role of the various parties in the financing of the project are described. The project was launched with every expectation of financial success by the Government of Botswana and the mining companies involved. Unfortunately, from the beginning it was plagued by technical difficulties which led to cost overruns and by falling nickel/copper prices which led to negative cash flows. Shortages of capital and cash flow difficulties necessitated three separate re-structurings of the financial package.     

Copper in India: Present and future outlook

The availability of mineral resources plays an important role in India's national economy. Copper, one of the important non-ferrous metals, has various industrial uses and demand for it is increasing in India where the inventory and production of copper, though not comparable with developed countries, shows an impressive growth rate, particularly during the last decade. With an increasing rate of industrial production envisaged in future plans copper consumption is expected to rise. Logistic curves have been used to study the potential long-term production capability under the dynamic concept of reserves and resources, with curves drawn for various estimates of total available resources. The production figures shown are not final and are subject to change due to a number of factors. This approach merely provides a method for projecting trends in future production.     

Copper lability in soils subjected to intermittent submergence

Reducing conditions in soils can have significant influences on the availability of nutrient and toxic metals, through their remobilization, their release through reductive dissolution of oxide phases, and from the formation of precipitates. In the literature, contrasting results are reported on the effects of temporary waterlogging conditions on the availability of metals. In the present study, changes in the "labile" or "potentially available" pool of copper (Cu) in soils as a consequence of up to three intermittent soil submergence cycles was investigated using isotopic dilution. The soils (an Oxisol and an Inceprisol) selected were amended in the field with both biosolids-Cu and salt-Cu. Intermittent soil submergence was found to have a significant effect on the lability of Cu in soils, with E(total) values generally increasing in all the treatments with the different submergence cycles, the highest lability of Cu observed in the Cu-salt treatment. The presence of nonexchangeable colloidal forms of Cu, influenced by treatments and submergence cycles, was also reported.     

Copper cycle in China and its entropy analysis

Copper cycle analysis approaches have been broadly investigated for sustainable development of copper industry in China. There are four stages in the life cycle of copper products, including mining & processing, fabrication & manufacture, use and reclamation. The 2005 copper cycle in China, analyzed by copper-flow diagram of the copper products life cycle with time factor, indicates that the copper ore index and copper scrap index were 0.78 t/t and 0.063 t/t, respectively; and copper resource efficiency was 1.3 t/t. To ascertain the degree of both aggregating and dispersing of the copper in the life cycle of copper products, the substance flow analysis with the index of entropy and the calculating method of entropy was presented. The variation of entropy along copper cycle was calculated based on the analysis of the life cycle of copper products in China in 2005. The entropies at the five nodes along copper cycle were 0.26, 0.046, 0.24, 0.60 and 0.25, respectively. The variation ratio of relative entropy in the whole system was −2.9%, which showed the copper-contained materials were congregated after the whole products life cycle. The same method was also applied to the variation of entropy along copper products life cycle in China in 2002. The discussion was focused on the results of these two years. The values of entropy at the five nodes along copper cycle in 2005 were all lower than those in 2002. The entropy at the five nodes along copper products life cycle in 2005 was extracted through two scenes under different technical indices, including scene one: 0.26, 0.032, 0.23, 0.60 and 0.17, respectively; and scene two: 0.26, 0.023, 0.23, 0.60 and 0.096, respectively. The values of entropy are effectively reduced, especially from the fourth to the fifth node, which is the obsolete copper products reclaiming stage.     

分光光度法测定人发中痕量铜的研究

本文使用我们合成的水溶性T(4—TAP)P作为显色剂发展了痕量铜的直接光度测定法。详细考察了测定铜的最佳条件和共存元素的影响。在盐酸羟胺存在下,pH4.5和HAc—NaAc溶液中形成一个1:1的Cu(I)—T(4—TAP)P络合物,λ_(max)=411nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.7×10~5L.mol~(-1)cm~(-1),s为0.00033μg·cm~(-2),铜浓度在0—5μg/25ml范围内服从比耳定律,该方法灵敏度高。选择性好,用于人发中痕量铜的测定结果满意。相对标准偏差为4.6％,回收率在93—103％之间。与AAS法和双乙醛草酰二胺分光光度法(BAO法)的结果比较,证明了方法的准确度,相对误差小于8％。