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1.
高酚焦化废水萃取脱酚预处理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了降低高酚焦化废水中挥发酚的浓度,实验研究了磷酸三丁酯煤油溶液在不同条件下对高酚焦化废水进行萃取脱酚预处理的效果。结果表明,萃取时间为8min,磷酸三丁酯煤油浓度为30%,温度低于40%,pH低于8.0,萃取比(油/水)R=1:2时,经过萃取后分水挥发酚浓度由4165mg降低到127.62mg/L,去除率高达96.94%,为后续生化处理奠定了基础。而萃取剂经过氢氧化钠溶液反萃取再生后,萃取剂的回收利用率可达94.25%以上。  相似文献   

2.
萃取法预处理间二硝基苯生产废水   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
间二硝基苯生产废水中含有邻硝基苯磺酸和对硝基横酸,采用三辛胺-煤油作萃取剂对其进行萃取处理,在最佳工艺条件下,经过三级萃取,废水的COD去除率达95%以上,硝基物去除率达98%以上,萃取剂用NaOH水溶液处理后可循环使用。  相似文献   

3.
用HL离心萃取器处理含对硝基酚废水的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
溶剂萃取法是目前回收处理含高浓度对硝基酚废水的有效方法。选用QH-1为萃取剂,采用HL离心萃取器对含对硝基酚废水的处理进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,对于对硝基酚硝酸溶液-QH-1体系,对硝基酚的分配比是1103.4,用Φ20mmHL离心萃取器处理对硝基酚废水时,在合适的操作条件下,单级传质级效率E和三级串联萃取率ρ都可达99%以上,三级串联的反萃率也可达98%以上。  相似文献   

4.
研究了以Span80和Tween60为混合表面活性剂的微乳液膜的配方及其稳定性,通过Span80-Tween60/T154/煤油/H2SO4微乳液膜体系处理氨氮废水的研究,考察了表面活性剂的配比、T154的浓度、萃取时间、乳水比、外水相pH值、油相回用次数等因素对氨氮萃取率的影响。实验结果表明,当Span80和Tween60的质量比为4∶1,T154在煤油中的质量浓度为5%,萃取时间为15 min,乳水比为1∶14,外水相pH值为9时,氨氮一次性萃取率可到99.85%;该微乳液膜不仅稳定性好,对氨氮萃取率高,而且制乳、破乳容易,油相可重复使用。  相似文献   

5.
超临界络合萃取铅的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文综述了超临界络合萃取铅的研究进展,介绍了几类络合剂,以及温度、压力和基质及基质修饰剂等因素对萃取效率的影响。  相似文献   

6.
Lix54—100从印刷电路板蚀刻废液中回收铜   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
本文对Lix54-100萃取剂萃取铜氨料液中铜的性能做了研究,发现其具有动力学速率快,饱和容量高,分离效果好,反萃容易及不萃氨等特点,并把其应用于印刷电路板蚀刻废液中铜的回收,在铜初始浓度为156.96g/L,相比为2:1条件下,用80%Lix54-100-煤油经过三级错流萃取,铜的浓度可下降到26.88g/L,三级总萃取率达82.87%,由此设计推荐了无废排放工艺流程,实现了经济效益和环境效益的统一。  相似文献   

7.
用萃取法从废钴渣中回收钴   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在镍的电解冶过程中的废渣,其中含有钴、镍等有价值元素。采用硫酸溶解,并加入氯酸钠作氧化剂,对其进行氧化酸溶,达到溶解除铁的目的,然后用脂肪酸萃取除铜和N235萃取分离钴、镍,制备试剂级氯化钴。钴的回收率可达97%以上。  相似文献   

8.
研究了用双硫腙-醋酸丁酯萃取火焰原子吸收法测定海水中微量锌的最佳条件。实验表明,在pH7 ̄8时能定量萃取锌。方法的相对标准偏差为3.1%,加标回收率为93% ̄100%,检出限为0.84μg/L。  相似文献   

9.
二硫化碳萃取毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水质的苯系物   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
采用二硫化碳萃取,DB—WAX毛细管柱分离,测定水中的苯系物,可在12min内有效分离7种苯系物,校准曲线线性好(r〉0.999),检测限可达0.002mg/L,与二硫化碳萃取填充柱气相色谱法检测限0.05mg/L相比,检测限有较大幅度降低,适用于地面水及废水监测。  相似文献   

10.
以P204为络合剂萃取水溶液中的金刚烷胺,研究了正辛醇和煤油2种稀释剂对萃取效果的影响,分析了萃取过程的络合机理和热力学过程,并考察了该萃取体系对实际制药废水中金刚烷胺的萃取效果。结果表明,采用P204/正辛醇=3∶2的复配萃取剂,在初始pH为8.0,在油/水相比为1∶1的条件下,金刚烷胺的萃取效率可以达到99.8%以上;以2.0mol/L的HCl溶液为反萃取剂,可以将51.1%的负载金刚烷胺反萃回收;红外光谱分析表明,P204对金刚烷胺的萃取遵循离子交换和离子缔合成盐机制;萃取过程为放热过程,低温条件下有利于萃取反应的进行;P204/正辛醇复配萃取剂对实际制药废水中的金刚烷胺也具有很高的萃取效率。  相似文献   

11.
活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
考察4种方法(蒸气法、EDTA法、NaOH法和搅拌法)对3种活性污泥(可乐厌氧活性污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和市政污水污泥)胞外聚合物的提取效率,对比分析了各提取方法对不同样品提取所得胞外聚合物的组成影响,结果表明,EDTA法提取多糖的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物糖分别在8.3、16.7和9.7 mg/g VSS左右;NaOH提取蛋白质的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物蛋白质分别为:3.15、0.55和5.57 mg/g VSS.对于3种不同种类污泥,EDTA法提取EPS总量效率最高,分别为市政污水污泥10.7 mg/g VSS、可乐好氧活性污泥16.8 mg/g VSS和可乐厌氧活性污泥9.97 mg/g VSS,分别比效率最低的搅拌法高出5倍、5倍和3倍.  相似文献   

12.
采用络合萃取法处理5-氯水杨酸生产废水,研究了萃取过程中PH、络合剂、稀释剂等对废水革取效果的影响。通过比较,确定以EPT-1为络合剂。试验表明,pH<1.5,按废水:络合剂:稀释剂-100:30:70的比例投加,可取得较好效果。萃取剂连续使用15次,废水的CODCr去除率并无显著下降。多次萃取后萃取剂经氢氧化钠溶液反萃取再生,即可回收萃取剂。  相似文献   

13.
富马酸生产废水的资源化研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
用PCW-7-甲苯络合萃取剂处理富马酸废水,萃取液用碱液反萃回收,每立方米废水可回收9kg富马酸,其含量大于97%。研究了影响萃取效果的相关因素.确定了适宜的工艺条件。  相似文献   

14.
《Chemosphere》1987,16(6):1243-1255
A major technical limitation to monitoring the fate of mutagenic compounds in soil is the lack of an established extraction procedure. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the blender extraction procedure for extracting benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) or 2-nitrofluorene (2NF) from a Weswood silt loam or a Bastrop clay loam soil. Extracted residues were evaluated using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify recovery of the two chemicals from soil. In addition, a limited study using only the mutagenicity assay was conducted to compare the efficiency of the Blender and Soxhlet extraction procedures for recovering organic mutagens from both soils amended with a wood preserving bottom sediment waste.Extracted residues were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide to concentrations that could be detected in the bioassay. Over all treatment levels and for both soils, the extraction efficiency of the blender procedure for BAP was greater than 80% for 12 of 16 treatments as measured using both bioassay and HPLC analysis; while, for 2NF the extraction efficiency was greater than 90% for all 15 treatments as measured by HPLC, and greater than 80% for twelve of 15 treatments as measured by bioassay. These results indicate that blender extraction provided efficient recovery of the pure compounds tested. When the efficiency of the blender and Soxhlet procedure for extracting the wood-preserving bottom sediment and waste amended soil were compared, significantly greater levels of mutagenic activity were detected in the fractions extracted using the blender extraction than were detected using the Soxhlet extraction.  相似文献   

15.
采用“预处理(酸化沉降+铁炭微电解+石灰中和)-生化(水解酸化+两级好氧生化)-深度处理(Fenton试剂催化氧化+石灰中和)”组合工艺对提铜选矿药剂生产废水进行现场中试实验研究,主要考察其COD去除、脱色、除味效果,重点考察生化单元运行特性及其对有机物的去除能力.实验结果表明,该组合工艺对该生产废水具有较好的净化效果,出水清澈透明、无气味,主要出水水质指标pH、色度、COD可以达到《污水综合排放标准(GB8976-1996)》二级标准.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Nine different C18 solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were evaluated for their efficiency at extracting nine pesticides and two s‐triazine metabolites from spiked deionized water samples. The SPE cartridges were found to contain nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) contaminants and varied in their extraction efficiency for certain pesticides and metabolites. Four of the nine SPE cartridges gave acceptable (70 to 120%) pesticide and metabolite recovery percentages, while five cartridges had marginal (50 to 70%) to poor (< 50%) recoveries. Statistical analyses showed that the poor to marginal recoveries found for three compounds could not be explained by considering several indigenous chemical and physical traits of the cartridge. It is suggested that proper SPE cartridge selection for pesticide recovery should be evaluated using several different cartridges.  相似文献   

17.
Soil washing is a potential technology for rapid removal of organic hydrocarbons sorbed to soils. In this work, p-cresol desorption with different non-ionic surfactants (Tween 80, Brij 30 and Triton X-100) was compared to cyclodextrine and citrate as solubilizer. A series of batch extraction experiments were conducted at 20 °C using the field soil with different extracting solutions at various concentrations to investigate the removal efficiency and to optimize the concentration of the extractant. The use of the different extracting agents was very selective to p-cresol extraction, minimizing soil organic matter releasing and maintaining the natural pH of the soil. The highest asymptotic values of desorption percentages were obtained for Tween 80 and Brij 30 at 48 h. However, Brij 30 ecotoxicity (EC50 = 0.5 mg L−1) is in the same order of that obtained for p-cresol, being this surfactant clearly ruled out. Liquid to solid ratio of 2.5 mL g−1 presented the best extraction results, while concentrations higher than 1 g L−1 for Tween 80 and Citrate did not produce any significant effect on the desorption efficiency. p-Cresol extraction efficiencies higher than 70% and 60% for Tween 80 and Citrate, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
铬的浸出毒性试验方法研究   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
以铬为分析指标,探讨了钻井废充泥浆在不同的提取剂、没的提取时间、不同的固液比以及不同的提取方式下铬的浸出毒性大小,提出了适合评价钻井废充泥浆中铬的浸出毒性的试验方法。  相似文献   

19.
不同萃取方法对长江口边滩多环芳烃萃取效果的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
选取索氏提取法和加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE)提取法,对长江口边滩样品进行多环芳烃萃取实验,并利用气相色谱/质谱仪对萃取出来的多环芳烃进行定量分析,研究了不同萃取方法以及不同溶剂条件下多环芳烃的总量、分布特征.结果表明,长江口边滩多环芳烃最高值出现在吴淞口;索氏提取法在多环芳烃萃取效果上优于加速溶剂萃取仪提取法;混合溶剂萃取...  相似文献   

20.

Explosive-contaminated soil is harmful to people’s health and the local ecosystem. The acute toxicity of its extracting solution was tested by bacterial luminescence assay using three kinds of luminescent bacteria to characterize the toxicity of the soil. An orthogonal test L 16 (45) was designed to optimize the soil extracting conditions. The optimum extracting conditions were obtained when the ultrasonic extraction time, ultrasonic extraction temperature, and the extraction repeat times were 6 h, 40 °C, and three, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the main components of the contaminated soil’s extracting solution were 2,4-dinitrotoluene-3-sulfonate (2,4-DNT-3-SO3 ); 2,4-dinitrotoluene-5-sulfonate (2,4-DNT-5-SO3 ); and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT). Compared with Photobacterium phosphoreum and Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Nov. is more suitable for assessing the soil extracting solution’s acute toxicity. Soil washing can remove most of the contaminants toxic to luminescent bacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Nov., suggesting that it may be a potential effective remediation method for explosive-contaminated soil.

  相似文献   

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