上海老港生活垃圾填埋场现状分析与可持续发展对策

介绍了上海老港生活垃圾卫生填埋场的发展历程及其存在的环境污染问题，并根据国内外的一些研究成果，提出了改善老港填埋场地区环境质量和可持续发展的对策。     

准好氧填埋技术在城市垃圾处理中的应用

准好氧垃圾填埋技术在近年得到了国内外的广泛应用。其原理是将排气管与渗滤液收集管相通，利用自然通风，使外部空气因填埋场内微生物发酵产生的热量形成的热对流而通过排水管自然进入填埋场内。使填埋场内维持好氧状态，从而加快垃圾的分解，改善渗滤液水质，降低有害气体的发生量，极大的改善了填埋场周围的环境。     

上海老港生活垃圾填埋场现状分析与可持续发展对策

介绍了上海老港生活垃圾卫生填埋场的发展历程及其存在的环境污染问题,并根据国内外的一些研究成果,提出了改善老港填埋场地区环境质量和可持续发展的对策。     

非正规填埋场陈腐垃圾分选与资源化利用

非正规填埋场陈腐垃圾会对环境产生不利影响,因此研究非正规填埋场陈腐垃圾的处理与资源化利用十分必要。以福建省漳浦县非正规垃圾填埋场为例,探索非正规填埋场陈腐垃圾筛分技术和资源化利用前景,并对陈腐垃圾样品的物理和化学性质进行分析。结果表明:陈腐垃圾筛分成本为44. 7元/t;筛分后腐殖土(粒径≤35mm)占46. 4%～58. 9%,可燃轻物质垃圾( 35mm)占29. 8%～45. 3%;腐殖土中重金属含量达到《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618-2018)土壤污染风险管制值的要求;轻质垃圾热值约5700 k J/kg,可直接焚烧处理。     

美国生活垃圾的焚烧综合处理

２００１年３月，我们到美国参观考察生活垃圾焚烧厂，共考察了５个生活垃圾焚烧处理厂，２个灰渣处理厂及垃圾分选厂等，受益不小。现着重介绍美国几种生活垃圾焚烧综合处理炉型和灰渣厂。美国以前由市运输公司运走的生活垃圾，大部分送到大型卫生填埋场填埋处理，小部分送焚烧发电厂焚烧处理。随着美国经济的发展，国力的强大，卫生填埋场越来越少，焚烧发电厂越来越多。因为卫生填埋场缺点是占地多，还污染大气、水源环境。焚烧发电综合处理之后，彻底实现生活垃圾的无害化、减量化、资源化。美国随着纽约市最后一个大型卫生填埋场于２０…     

厌氧型垃圾卫生填埋场水气综合处理工艺探析

对现行国内最普遍的厌氧型垃圾卫生填埋场的水(渗沥液)气(垃圾填埋气)综合治理情况进行讨论和分析,提出了对节约能源与资源,实现未来填埋场无害化、减量化与资源化的最佳途径和措施。     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液全量处理模式探索——以四川某填埋场环境整治为例

为解决生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液系统的设计处理能力与实际需求不匹配，以及处理过程产生的膜浓缩液回灌等将引发一系列环境风险和隐患。以四川省某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理改造项目为例，采用“两级A/O+两级Fenton+BAF”处理工艺，实现了渗滤液的“全量化”处理，有效避免了膜浓缩液的产生。运行结果表明，全量处理模式能有效提高渗滤液处理系统的处理效果和能力，保证渗滤液能及时有效排出，避免了渗滤液处理系统的膜液产生和回灌问题，从而缓解和改善填埋场存在的环境风险和隐患。     

厌氧型垃圾卫生填埋场水气综合处理工艺探析

对现行国内最普遍的厌氧型垃圾卫生填埋场的水(渗沥液)气(垃圾填埋气)综合治理情况进行讨论和分析,提出了对节约能源与资源,实现未来填埋场无害化、减量化与资源化的最佳途径和措施。     

Klozur工业污染场地活化强氧化环境修复技术

<正>由北京宜为凯姆环境技术有限公司开发的Klozur工业污染场地活化强氧化环境修复技术,适用于以原位和异位方式治理的有机化合物污染的退役工业场地(棕地)、农田、非正规填埋场、河流湖泊底泥以及地下水,可处理污染物包括氯代乙烯类、氯代乙烷、氯代甲烷、苯系物(BTEX)、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、多环芳烃     

基于两级DTRO膜系统处理垃圾渗滤液的工程应用

针对安岳县垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺存在的问题,采用两级DTRO系统作为渗滤液处理的主工艺,从工艺设计、运行参数、处理效果、工程投资及运行成本等方面对该工程进行了全面分析。在线监测结果表明,出水COD_(Cr)浓度低于17mg/L,NH_3-N浓度低于6mg/L,特征出水水质指标稳定且满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)中表3对渗滤液排放标准的要求,且工程总投资(694.12万元)和运行成本(41.82元/t)较低,经济性好。该工程可为类似垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺的优化和提升提供借鉴和指导。     

The UK Landfill Tax: an analysis of its contribution to sustainable waste management

The UK Government in October 1996 introduced a Landfill Tax to ensure that landfill waste disposal is properly priced so as to reflect its environmental cost and to help promote a more sustainable approach to waste management in which less waste is produced, reused or recycled. The UK Customs and Excise have recently reviewed the tax and the report indicates that there has been a modest reduction in waste going to landfill by industry but not households. It is submitted that for there to be a significant move towards a more sustainable approach to waste management to meet the targets set in the National Strategy the tax should be higher and the money raised by the tax should be invested to make alternatives to landfill cheaper and more readily available. It is also submitted that the Tax Credit Scheme, introduced as a means of enabling some of the tax to be invested to promote better waste management, is inadequately funded and the money is inappropriately focused. Following an examination of the projects and contributions made under the Scheme it is found that most of the contributions are not made towards projects which will fulfil the UK Government's perceived purposes. It is further submitted that there needs to be a more rational approach to waste management and legislation in Philadelphia forms a good case study of such an approach     

Landfill Bioreactor Cells as Ecofilters for Extraction of Bio-energy and Nutrients from Solid Wastes

This paper describes a modified, ecologically based waste treatment technique, where municipal solid waste is anaerobically treated in landfill reactorcells in a way that both bio-energy and nutrients can be recovered. The controlled landfill reactorcell ('bioreactor-cell') serves as an anaerobic filter, where energy is extracted as biogas while nutrients are recovered through the leachates. The leachates can be used as fertilizer in e.g. energy forests within the controlled landfill area, and thus nutrients can be brought back into an ecocycle. At the same time anaerobic conditions result in an effective immobilization of heavy metals and other pollutants, e.g. through complexation to organic matter or as insoluble metal sulphides, which are immobilized in the fermentation residue. The long-lived organic fraction, remaining after the fermentation process has declined, containing a high content of lignine, serves as a water-holding matrix. Thus it helps to enforce a sustainable high moisture level, resulting in sustainable anaerobic conditions with heavy metals retained on a long-term basis. Also non-degradable products, like plastics, help to shield off oxygen and maintain reliable anaerobic conditions. Landfilling of organic matter under anaerobic conditions is a measure to counteract increasing concentrations of CO₂ in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities. A small fraction of the organic matter is long-term accumulated in the landfill, and the processes can be compared to those of natural wetlands.     

Potential for enhanced phytoremediation of landfills using biosolids – a review

Despite the use of recyclable materials increasing worldwide, waste disposal to landfill remains the most common method of waste management because it is simple and relatively inexpensive. Although landfill disposal is an effective waste management system, if not managed correctly, a number of potential detrimental environmental impacts have been identified including soil and ground water contamination, leachate generation, and gas emissions. In particular, improper post-closure treatment of landfills or deterioration of the conventional clay landfill capping were shown to result in land degradation which required remediation to secure contaminants within the landfill site.Phytoremediation is an attractive technology for landfill remediation, as it can stabilize soil and simultaneously remediate landfill leachate. In addition, landfill phytoremediation systems can potentially be combined with landfill covers (Phytocapping) for hydrological control of infiltrated rainfall. However, for the successful application of any phytoremediation system, the effective establishment of appropriate, desired vegetation is critical. This is because the typically harsh and sterile nature of landfill capping soil limits the sustainable establishment of vegetation. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of landfill capping soils often need to be improved by incorporating soil amendments. Biosolids are a common soil amendment and will often meet these demanding conditions because they contain a variety of plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, as well as a large proportion of organic matter. Such amendment will also ameliorate the physical properties of the capping soils by increasing porosity, moisture content, and soil aggregation. Contaminants which potentially originate from biosolids will also be remediated by activities congruent with the establishment of plants and bacteria.     

Towards greening a university campus: The case of the University of Maribor, Slovenia

The environmental performance of the University of Maribor (Engineering Campus) has been assessed on a life cycle basis. The following activities have been considered in the study: the use and operation of lecture theatres (construction and maintenance, heating, lighting and water consumption) and day-to-day consumption of sundries (paper and plastic bottles). The results indicate that the heating and construction of buildings are the ‘hot spots’ in the system, for most environmental impacts. Different waste management options for the plastic and paper, including recycling, incineration and landfill, have also been compared for environmental impacts and economic costs. The option combining 70% recycling, 29% incineration and 1% landfill has been found to be most economically and environmentally sustainable.     

生活垃圾生物反应器填埋场的试验研究--渗滤液处理技术的发展与改良

采用生物反应器填埋场消纳生活垃圾，通过改变模拟生物反应器填埋场实验垃圾柱的装填方式和运行方式，对不同垃圾柱的渗滤液水质变化特征进行分析，试验表明，生物反应器填埋场具有稳定时间短，渗滤液污染强度削减快，给后续的渗滤处理系统的设计及运行带来极大的便利。     

Waste management issues for the UK ready-mixed concrete industry

The UK government has recognised the vital contribution that the construction industry has to play in contributing towards sustainable development. While the issue of hardened concrete waste has received considerable attention, process waste arising from the manufacture of ready-mixed concrete is relatively unexplored. It is apparent that initiatives such as the landfill tax have encouraged UK ready-mixed concrete manufacturers to reduce substantially the amount of waste they produce. Environmental pressures continue to increase and ready-mixed concrete producers are being forced towards a closed loop production system.     

德、日两国循环经济立法经验及对我国的启示

循环经济立法是发展循环经济的前提，对发展循环经济具有首要的、决定性的作用。借鉴德国、日本两个经济发达国家循环经济立法的成功经验，提出建立符合我国国情的循环经济立法模式和循环经济法律体系的构建。     

A generic comparison of the airborne risks to human health from landfill and incinerator disposal of municipal solid waste

A comparison of the potential risks to human health from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration and landfill on a generic basis is attempted. For this purpose a 'worst case' approach is adopted and a number of assumptions regarding the size and activities of each waste disposal method are made. The airborne pollutants measured for an incinerator are different from those for a landfill with or without gas collection. However, based on the available information it appears that as far as airborne pollution is concerned, landfill sites without gas collection pose a potentially higher generic risk to human health than MSW incinerators performing to Environmental Agency (UK) standards. This analysis cannot be used to replace specific evaluations for a particular incinerator or a landfill site because local conditions can have a very large impact on the magnitude of risks involved.     

Woody plant roots fail to penetrate a clay-lined landfill: Managment implications

In many locations, regulatory agencies do not permit tree planting above landfills that are sealed with a capping clay, because roots might penetrate the clay barrier and expose landfill contents to leaching. We find, however, no empirical or theoretical basis for this restriction, and instead hypothesize that plant roots of any kind are incapable of penetrating the dense clays used to seal landfills. As a test, we excavated 30 trees and shrubs, of 12 species, growing over a clay-lined municipal sanitary landfill on Staten Island, New York. The landfill had been closed for seven years, and featured a very shallow (10 to 30-cm) soil layer over a 45-cm layer of compacted grey marl (Woodbury series) clay. The test plants had invaded naturally from nearby forests. All plants examined—including trees as tall as 6 m—had extremely shallow root plates, with deformed tap roots that grew entirely above and parallel to the clay layer. Only occasional stubby feeder roots were found in the top 1 cm of clay, and in clay cracks at depths to 6 cm, indicating that the primary impediment to root growth was physical, although both clay and the overlying soil were highly acidic. These results, if confirmed by experimental research should lead to increased options for the end use of many closed sanitary landfills.     

From landfill to water,land and life: The creation of the Centre for stone materials aimed at secondary processing

This paper focuses on the creation of a Centre for the recycling of stone materials. The Centre will be able to offer a range of activities amongst which is the improvement of the production chain of the Orosei Marble district in Sardinia, Italy. Several companies operate within the marble producing area, specializing in both quarrying and stone processing. They have formed a Consortium in order to rehabilitate an area of more than 17 ha. The restoration will be carried out through an environmentally sustainable procedure. The area was previously used as a landfill for waste deriving from marble quarrying and processing. At that time unshaped blocks of various sizes (which are unsuitable to block-cutter sawing), waste deriving from both block sawing and slab/strip cutting (such as broken slabs, strips, tiles) and microfine dust from filter presses of water treatment plants were representing an environmental problem. The local administration was struggling to find new areas which could be used for landfills, resulting in an additional cost for the landfill, ultimately affecting the variable production costs. The project involves the building of a venue to be used for temporary storage, treatment of wastes produced by both quarrying and primary processing, in order to make them suitable as secondary raw materials. The project also deals with the catch basin hydrology of the area involved in the project, the building of a multifunctional centre, the landscaping and other environmental features such as vehicle traffic and slopes greening.