高等农业院校学风建设现状及对策研究

通过问卷调查，本文探讨了高等农业院校学风建设存在的问题、阻碍学风建设良性发展的因素及加强学风建设的对策等问题．调研表明：高等农业院校学风建设存在学术氛围不浓、学习动力不足、考试风气不正、学习时间不够等一系列的问题，影响高等农业院校学风建设的因素很多，既有历史的原因、也有社会的原因，既有教育管理的原因、也有学生的原因，是多种因素的综合；加强高等农业院校学风建设的对策是转变教育观念、深化教学改革、完善教学管理机制、加强教风建设、发挥学生主体性作用以及营造高品位的校园文化等．     

从学习动机目的入手巧解大学生逃课难题

随着我国高等教育的大众化和市场经济的迅猛发展,逃课问题成为高校学生管理工作种种问题中较为重要的问题.当前我国大学生逃课现象总的情况是按年级逐级增加的.其深原因是多方面的,本文分析了大学生逃课现象是基于大学生优越感的失落、男女性别的差异、家庭与社会、教学质量等几个方面原因造成的,并提出解决大学生逃课难题,应该从动机与目的入手,加强有效的入学教育、学习兴趣教育和学习方法教育.     

基于“心理脱贫”机制下的高校贫困生资助研究

以高校贫困大学生的界定及评定标准的定义为基础,概述了贫困大学生"心理贫困"问题的成因,以及心理健康对贫困大学生的主要心理影响的特征,引入多元回归分析模型对贫困大学生心理状况进行评价的方法.并阐述了贫困大学生"心理脱贫"的资助机制与对策,从培养和造就贫困学生健康人格,提高家庭经济困难学生的抗挫能力为切入点,开展对家庭经济困难学生的励志教育.     

学生感恩意识及感恩教育现状的调查与分析

感恩教育是当前教育学、心理学等学科研究的一个热点,该文在问卷调查的基础上对大学生感恩意识及感恩教育现状进行了探讨与分析:首先,文章对大学生感恩意识的现状从对待父母和亲人,对待老师和母校,对待同学和朋友,对待国家和社会等四个方面进行了相关的数据分析,然后对大学生感恩教育缺失的现状从社会环境、学校教育、家庭教育以及大学生自身修养四个方面进行了分析与总结,为加强和改进大学生感恩教育提供了参考和依据.表6,参7.     

浅谈如何培养高职学生英语自主学习能力

培养自主学习能力,能使学生在完成正规的学校教育后,能够有效地学习,以适应复杂多变的社会环境,具有现实意义.然而,目前我国高职学生英语自主学习能力较为缺乏,影响了学习效果.通过先介绍自主学习的内涵与意义,论述并提出培养高职学生英语自主学习能力的方法.参5.     

大学生安全教育探索

随着时代的变迁,“象牙塔”具有封闭意义的围墙已经消失,大学生的活动范围从校园逐步扩大到整个错综复杂的社会,这使得各种生存隐患呈现.安全教育是培养大学生全面素质的重要内容,是提高学生法律意识、增强法制观念的有效途径,它对维护国家安全和学校稳定,确保学生人身财产安全和健康成长非常必要.     

加强大学生公共安全教育维护公共安全

频繁的大学生交通肇事危害社会公共安全的事件,如"杭州飙车案"、"李刚门"等,其实是质毫无公共安全意识的大学生的狂妄、愚昧行为与法律和道德之间的碰撞.因此,必须加强大学生公共安全教育,提高大学生的社会责任感,维护高校的日常秩序和社会稳定.针对我国的公共安全教育的实际情况,大学生安全教育应该侧重大学生生命安全教育、大学生心理安全教育、大学生信息安全教育、大学生文化安全教育、大学生国防安全教育和大学生环境安全教育等六方面的内容.     

大学生养成教育存在的问题及对策分析

大学生养成教育包括思维方式、学习习惯、道德品质、行为习惯、心理素质等方面的培养.但大学生在养成教育存在很多问题,如学习习惯差、知行不一、综合素质不强、情绪调节能力差.加强大学生养成教育,需要完善学校管理制度,注意制度的规范性、时代性、可操作性;反复抓和重点抓结合;创设良好的育人环境;以活动促自我教育.参6.     

独立学院大学生心理健康问题及“优势强化”辅导策略简论

当代大学生普遍存在着自卑、孤僻、抑郁等心理健康问题.而积极心理学致力于研究人性中积极的一面,回本溯源,从人的幸福、生活的意义的角度出发,构建了一套用于研究人性积极面的语言.所以,结合积极心理学的理论,深入探讨独立学院大学生心理健康教育的对策.     

大学生兼职期间权益保护问题探析

大学生兼职市场存在较严重的问题:中介机构的不规范经营,兼职市场的混乱,社会信用制度的不健全,大学生本身信用及法律意识薄弱,思想道德修养不高等,导致大学生兼职期间权益被侵害问题日益突出.因此,必须采取相应对策:小心提防,增强法律意识,规范和管理兼职市场,加强思想道德建设,健全社会信用制度等.以此来保护大学生兼职期间的权益.     

Guidelines for the Design of Conservation Strategies for the Animals of Venezuela

The geographic distribution of the animals of Venezuela was analyzed as a basis for a series of guidelines to help develop strategies for their conservation. A total of 313 animal taxa is distributed among 24 geographic units, corresponding to the political divisions of the country. Three different criteria were considered in analyzing these data: (1) the number and density of threatened taxa were used to define a ranking system for geographic units; (2) "hotspots" were identified using the distribution of threatened endemics, and (3) a "critical faunas analysis" was used to determine the minimum number of geographic units needed to maximize the number of sampled taxa. The first two criteria emphasize the importance of protecting habitat in the northern portion of the country, where most human intervention has already taken place. But the southern portion of the country is where most of the undisturbed habitat remains. We suggest that the conservation of the animals of Venezuela must follow a mixed strategy, based on two principles: one, aimed mainly at threatened endemics, should focus on the protection of critical habitat north of the Orinoco river, the second, aimed at all threatened animals— particularly high-risk taxa—should focus on assuring the long-term persistence of the pristine habitat in the south.     

Improving the Performance of Indicator Groups for the Identification of Important Areas for Species Conservation

Indicator groups may be important tools with which to guide the selection of networks of areas for conservation. Nevertheless, the literature provides little guidance as to what makes some groups of species more suitable than others to guide area selection. Using distributional data on all sub-Saharan birds and mammals, we assessed factors that influence the effectiveness of indicator groups. We assessed the influence of threatened, endemic, range-restricted, widespread, and large-bodied species by systematically varying their number in indicator groups. We also assessed the influence of taxonomic diversity by systematically varying the number of distinct genera and families within the indicator groups. We selected area networks based on the indicator groups and tested their ability to represent a set of species, which, in terms of species composition, is independent of the indicator group. Increasing the proportion of threatened, endemic, and range-restricted species in the indicator groups improved effectiveness of the selected area networks; in particular it improved the effectiveness in representing other threatened and range-restricted species. In contrast increasing the proportion of widespread and large-bodied species decreased effectiveness. Changes in the number of genera and families only marginally affected the performance of indicator groups. Our results reveal that a focus on species of special conservation concern, which are legitimate conservation targets in their own right, also improves the effectiveness of indicator groups, in particular in representing other species of conservation concern.     

Motivations for the Restoration of Ecosystems

Abstract:  The reasons ecosystems should be restored are numerous, disparate, generally understated, and commonly underappreciated. We offer a typology in which these reasons—or motivations—are ordered among five rationales: technocratic, biotic, heuristic, idealistic, and pragmatic. The technocratic rationale encompasses restoration that is conducted by government agencies or other large organizations to satisfy specific institutional missions and mandates. The biotic rationale for restoration is to recover lost aspects of local biodiversity. The heuristic rationale attempts to elicit or demonstrate ecological principles and biotic expressions. The idealistic rationale consists of personal and cultural expressions of concern or atonement for environmental degradation, reengagement with nature, and/or spiritual fulfillment. The pragmatic rationale seeks to recover or repair ecosystems for their capacity to provide a broad array of natural services and products upon which human economies depend and to counteract extremes in climate caused by ecosystem loss. We propose that technocratic restoration, as currently conceived and practiced, is too narrow in scope and should be broadened to include the pragmatic rationale whose overarching importance is just beginning to be recognized. We suggest that technocratic restoration is too authoritarian, that idealistic restoration is overly restricted by lack of administrative strengths, and that a melding of the two approaches would benefit both. Three recent examples are given of restoration that blends the technocratic, idealistic, and pragmatic rationales and demonstrates the potential for a more unified approach. The biotic and heuristic rationales can be satisfied within the contexts of the other rationales.     

Confidence intervals for the mean of the delta-lognormal distribution

Data that are skewed and contain a relatively high proportion of zeros can often be modelled using a delta-lognormal distribution. We consider three methods of calculating a 95% confidence interval for the mean of this distribution, and use simulation to compare the methods, across a range of realistic scenarios. The best method, in terms of coverage, is that based on the profile-likelihood. This gives error rates that are within 1% (lower limit) or 3% (upper limit) of the nominal level, unless the sample size is small and the level of skewness is moderate to high. Our results will also apply to the delta-lognormal linear model, when we wish to calculate a confidence interval for the expected value of the response variable, given the value of one or more explanatory variables. We illustrate the three methods using data on red cod densities, taken from a fisheries trawl survey in New Zealand.

Towards the definition of budget models for the evolution of deltas

Global climatic change is likely to take place and could eventually affect Mediterranean deltas and other lowlying coastal regions. This would have serious implications for the natural resources of these deltaic areas, as well as for human settlements and related economic activities. To achieve sound decision making, to prevent damages and to avoid risky investments, it is necessary to understand the integral functioning of deltaic areas and to determine their vulnerability and response to large-scale change phenomena. Optimal use of the available knowledge will require that existing and new field measurements are combined and that integrated (physical/ecological) conceptual models of deltaic behaviour are developed with socio-economics scenarios as boundary conditions. This paper illustrates the methodological effort towards organizing a modeling framework to conduct budget computations at various scales with reference to the most significant ‘physiogrpahic units’ and to the most significant deltaic processes. The final objective is to handle the problem of evaluating possible changes under different scenarios.     

Two models for the evolution of polygyny

Summary Two models of conditions for the evolution of polygyny are treated axiomatically. Both models assume a social system based on female mate choice in situations in which a female is better off if she mates polygynously with an already mated male on a superior territory than if she selects a bachelor on an inferior territory. One model, the competitive female choice model, assumes that the females of a harem compete for the limited resources of the harem and thus that their fitness decreases as co-wives are added. The cooperative female choice model assumes that, within limits, a female's fitness is improved by the addition of co-wives to her mate's harem, as a result of cooperative interactions within the group. For each model, a sufficient set of independent assumptions is provided. Implications of the models are indicated and methods for testing them are discussed.