垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物与氮同步脱除试验研究

通过UASB模拟系统研究了不同环境因子对垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物及氮同步去除效果的影响,分析了UASB模拟系统利用垃圾渗滤液中腐殖质类物质为碳源,对渗滤液中难降解有机物及氮的去除效果。结果表明,pH为7.9~8.4,ORP在-200~-100和-300~-200 mV范围内COD去除率分别为92.05%和95.08%,总氮去除率分别为62.03%和66.73%。三维荧光光谱分析表明,渗滤液中腐殖质类物质荧光强度呈降低趋势,表明垃圾渗滤液中的反硝化菌可利用部分垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物进行反硝化。COD与总氮去除的最佳ORP范围为-300~-100 mV,实现了垃圾渗滤液中有机物与氮的同步脱除。     

泥炭预处理吸附垃圾渗滤液中的COD

通过对泥炭改性去除水中COD进行了试验研究。探讨了磷酸、硫酸、盐酸、硝酸和氢氧化钠对COD去除效果的影响和吸附机理。结果表明,在酸、碱改性过程中,用5%的硫酸改性的泥炭去除COD的效果最佳,改性泥炭用量为每10 g/100 mL,吸附时间为60 min,pH为10的试验条件下,COD的去除率为68.5%以上,磷酸较硫酸次之,去除率为55%左右,而盐酸和硝酸较差分别为45%和38%,氢氧化钠为40%左右。并对其吸附机理进行了研究,其吸附等温线符合Freundlich型。通过扫描电镜观察泥炭表面的结构,硫酸改性后的泥炭表面结构比较粗糙,比表面积最大,与实验结果相吻合。用原子吸收法对泥炭处理前后的水样进行比较,表明泥炭对重金属也有很好的去除率。本研究为泥炭利用提供了可借鉴的思路。     

粉煤灰吸附处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

粉煤灰作为固体废弃物严重污染环境,随着粉煤灰排放量的增大,如何利用粉煤灰成为摆在我们面前的一个重要问题。而粉煤灰因比表面积大而具有吸附性能,笔者利用粉煤灰的这种特性对垃圾渗滤液进行处理,达到以废治废的目的,因此该研究具有显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

吸附法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展

综述了吸附法和吸附法耦合其他技术处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展,针对渗滤液中有机物的去除,重点比较了各种吸附剂的吸附性能,并做了展望。     

垃圾渗滤液水溶性有机物对土壤Pb溶出的影响

研究了不同填埋年限（0 a、4～5 a、12 a）的垃圾渗滤液水溶性有机物（DOM）对2种污染土壤重金属Pb溶出的影响.结果表明,垃圾渗滤液DOM具有促进土壤Pb溶出的作用.填埋年限不同的垃圾渗滤液DOM对土壤Pb溶出的影响不同,填埋年限短的垃圾渗滤液DOM对土壤Pb溶出率最高.因为填埋年限越长,垃圾渗滤液DOM中高分子组分（相对分子质量>25?000）所占比例越高,而高分子组分相对于低分子组分（相对分子质量<1?000）对土壤Pb溶出能力较弱.红壤中,渗滤液DOM的低分子组分对Pb的平均溶出率高出高分子组分123.8%;潮土中也表现出类似的结果.与无渗滤液DOM的对照相比,垃圾渗滤液DOM的加入明显提高污染土壤Pb的平均溶出率,并且随体系pH的升高,DOM这种促进作用表现得更为明显.     

垃圾渗滤液的吸附净化实验研究

对不同高度的煤灰和土壤进行垃圾渗滤液的吸附净化试验．证明吸附法对渗滤液中有机物具有很好的去除能力;煤灰和土壤高度、有机负荷、水力负荷及配水次数等因素均对净化能力有一定的影响。     

垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机物对土壤重金属吸附

垃圾渗滤液主要组分为重金属和大量的溶解性有机物(DOM). 选取我国北方具有代表性的褐土,通过不同pH(5～9)和温度 (15,25和35 ℃)下的等温吸附试验,研究了垃圾渗滤液中DOM对Cu, Cd, Pb和Zn 4种重金属在土壤中吸附行为的影响. 结果表明:DOM对Cu和Cd在土壤中的吸附促进作用较明显,对Pb有微弱的促进作用,对Zn的吸附影响不明显;改变pH,DOM对4种重金属在褐土中的吸附也表现出不同的影响,吸附平衡后土壤溶液pH变化差异明显;25 ℃下Cu在土壤中的吸附量高于15和35 ℃条件下;有DOM时,Cd, Zn和Pb在土壤中的吸附量随着温度的升高而增大.      

UV-Fenton体系处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物

采用紫外(UV)耦合Fenton反应产生活性氧物种降解准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中的难降解污染物.考察了初始pH值、双氧水和二价铁(Fe~(2+))投加量对污染物去除效能的影响,并采用醇类猝灭实验和三维荧光技术解析了体系产生的主要活性氧物种及其腐殖质的降解机制.结果表明,UV-Fenton体系可协同、有效地处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中的污染物.增大双氧水和二价铁投加量可提高体系降解有机物的能力与反应速率,初始pH值为3.0时有机物降解效果最佳,中性与碱性环境均会显著抑制体系对有机物的降解.在H_2O_2投加量为0.084 mol·L~(-1),Fe~(2+)投加量为0.056 mol·L~(-1),初始pH值为3.0的条件下,渗滤液尾水COD去除率与反应速率常数最终分别为77.22%和0.04679.经UV-Fenton体系处理后,得益于体系主要的活性氧物种·OH与O■对渗滤液尾水中芳香类有机物质的有效降解,同时,可见区荧光峰值降低了51.00%,紫外区荧光峰值先增大后减小.因此,渗滤液中大分子物质大幅减少,小分子物质相对增多.     

垃圾渗滤液水溶性有机物对土壤吸附重金属Cd2+、Pb2+的影响

采用序批次吸附试验,研究了不同填埋年限(0、4～5、12a)垃圾渗滤液中的DOM对土壤吸持重金属Cd2 、Pb2 的影响.结果表明,垃圾渗滤液中的DOM能促进土壤对重金属Cd2 、Pb2 的吸附.在有垃圾渗滤液DOM存在的条件下,Cd2 、Pb2 的吸附等温线可用Freundlich方程拟合(R2＞0.94),土壤对Cd2 、Pb2 的吸附量比对照处理(无垃圾渗滤液DOM)分别高1.13～1.42倍和1.09～1.84倍,填埋年限长的垃圾渗滤液较之填埋年限短的渗滤液对土壤吸附Cd2 、Pb2 的影响强烈.在Cd2 、Pb2 初始浓度相同时,潮土较红壤具有更高的吸持能力,并且随体系pH的增高,其吸持量增加.     

堆放垃圾渗滤液水溶性有机物的荧光特性

为揭示堆放垃圾渗滤液物质组成特性及其变化规律,采用三维荧光光谱,对4个不同垃圾堆场渗滤液水溶性有机物(DOM)进行了研究.结果显示,堆放垃圾渗滤液样品S1中含有2类蛋白荧光峰:类酪氨酸荧光峰和类色氨酸荧光峰,其他3个样品(S2、S3及S4)只含有类色氨酸荧光峰,此外还出现了类腐殖质荧光峰,且不同样品中该峰的数目、类型及位置均存在差异,显示渗滤液样品S1只含有类蛋白类物质,而其他3个样品除此之外还含有类腐殖质物质,且腐殖化程度各异.类蛋白类物质-Hg(II)配位研究显示,与类色氨酸荧光峰相比,类酪氨酸荧光峰更易受介质微环境改变影响;室温培养模拟研究显示,与类腐殖质物质相比,类蛋白类物质更易发生降解.三维荧光光谱可以有效表征堆场渗滤液DOM物质组成及其变化规律.     

Photo-assisted fenton oxidation of refractory organics in UASB-pretreated leachate

Nearly 91% of organic pollutants in Hong Kong leachate could be effectively removed by the UASB(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket)process followed by the fenton coagulation.The COD(chemical oxygen demand)of leachate was lowered from an average of 5620 mg/L to 1910 mg/L after the UASB treatment at 37℃,and was further lowered to 513 mg/L after fenton coagulation.The remaining refractory residues could be further removed by plotochemical oxidation with the addition of H2O2.The BOD/COD ratio was greatly increased from 0.062 to 0.142,indicating the biodegradability of organic residues was improved.The photochemical oxidation for the fenton-coagulation supernatant was most effective at pH3-4,with the addition of 800 mg/L of H2O2,and UV radiation time of 30 minutes.The final effluent contained only 148 mg/L of COD,21 mg/L of BOD(biochemical oxygen demand)and 56 mg/L of TOC (total organic carbon).     

Removal of refractory organics and heavy metals in landfill leachate concentrate by peroxi-coagulation process

Landfill leachate is a complex effluent and it is difficult to deal with. Electrochemical methods have been considered as a promising alternative technology for treatment of landfill leachate with refractory organic contaminants and heavy metals. Peroxi-coagulation (PC) process with iron anode and modified graphite felt cathode was developed for efficient landfill leachate concentrate treatment. Compared to electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes, the PC process was more cost-effective due to the combined action of ^•OH oxidation and iron hydroxides coagulation. A maximal TOC removal of 77.2% ± 1.4% was obtained after 360 min at initial pH = 5.0 and current density of 10 mA/cm². After the PC process, concentrations of all seven heavy metals in the final effluents were below the allowable emission limits given by the present regulatory standards. The method preference for heavy metal removal was PC > EC > EF. Based on the three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with regional integration analysis during the PC treatment, the florescence peaks of both humic acids and fulvic acids disappeared after treatment for 360 min. Decreasing trends were observed in the fluorescent regional standard volumes for aromatic protein I (31.4%), aromatic protein II (63.7%), fulvic acid-like (69.5%), soluble microbial by-product-like (75%) and humic acid-like regions (76.3%). The results indicate that comparing to the EF and EC process, the PC process provide a promising and more cost-effective alternative for the treatment of landfill leachate concentrate.     

Evolution on qualities of leachate and landfill gas in the semi-aerobic landfill

To study the characteristics of stabilization in semi-aerobic landfill, large-scale simulated landfill was constructed based on the semiaerobic landfill theory. Consequently, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, and the pH value in leachate, as well as the component contents of landfill gas composition (methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen) in landfill were regularly monitored for 52 weeks. The results showed that COD and ammonia concentrations declined rapidly and did not show the accumulating rule like anaerobic landfill, and remained at about 300 and 100 mg/L, respectively, after 48 weeks. Meanwhile, the descending rate reached 98.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Nitrate concentration increased rapidly after 24 weeks and fluctuated between 220–280 mg/L after 43 weeks. The pH values were below 7 during the first 8 weeks and after that leachates appeared to be alkaline. Carbon dioxide was the main composition in landfill gas and its concentration remained at a high level through the whole stabilization process. The average contents of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and methane varied between 19 vol.%–28 vol.%, 2 vol.%–8 vol.%, and 5 vol.%–13 vol.%, respectively. A relative equilibrium was reached after 48 weeks. The highest temperature in the landfill chamber could amount to 75.8 degrees centigrade.     

紫外催化过硫酸盐深度处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液

为研究垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液生化出水的处理特性,对比了单独紫外(UV)体系、单独过硫酸盐(PS)体系以及紫外/过硫酸盐(UV/PS)体系深度处理垃圾渗滤液效果,发现UV/PS体系对渗滤液中有机污染物的去除效果较另外两体系的效果优异,因此采用UV/PS体系处理典型难降解有机物腐殖酸并考察体系的处理效能.在初始腐殖酸浓度为200...     

活性炭吸附石化二级出水有机物去除特性研究

采用活性炭对某石化二级出水进行吸附研究,考察了静态和动态试验下,活性炭对石化废水二级出水COD的去除效果,并讨论了吸附前后水中有机物的组分和相对分子质量的变化.结果表明:静态试验中,活性炭对石化废水二级出水的COD的饱和吸附量为1.1 mg·g-1,吸附速率为0.7 mg·min-1;通过动态试验得到了吸附的最佳条件,即HRT=1 h,水力负荷为0.76 m3·m-2·h-1,此时COD的去除率可达49.9%,出水COD低于50 mg·L-1.相对分子质量分级和树脂分级分析结果表明,活性炭对石化废水二级出水中相对分子质量小于5000的小分子有机物有较好的吸附效果,该组分被活性炭吸附的COD所占比例为59.72%,活性炭吸附作用对水中不同相对分子质量有机物分布影响不大;活性炭对石化废水中有机物组分的去除效果排序依次为:疏水碱性物质(HOB)疏水酸性物质(HOA)亲水中性物质(HIS)疏水中性物质(HON),对HOB和HOA的去除率可达到79%和61%,对HIS和HON的去除效果不佳.     

铁离子循环电解法处理垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液

使用箱式电化学反应器,采用铁离子循环电解工艺处理垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液,确定了硫酸铁的剂量,考察了该工艺去除污染物的效率与主要因子对污染物去除的影响.实验结果表明,铁离子循环电解工艺对垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液具有良好的处理效果,在电压3.80V、pH值为3.0、电解时间40min条件下,电解后的渗滤液满足二级排放标准的要求;硫酸铁的合理浓度为1000mg·L-1;电解电压不宜超过4.0V,电解时间不宜超过40min;渗滤液中氯离子的浓度对COD和NH 4-N的去除有显著影响,浓度越高COD和NH 4-N去除效果越好,且其对NH 4-N去除的影响大于对COD去除的影响.     

微波/活性炭强化过硫酸盐氧化处理垃圾渗滤液研究

采用微波(MW)-活性炭(AC)强化过硫酸盐(PS)氧化处理垃圾渗滤液,研究不同因素对垃圾渗滤液处理的影响,比较不同组合工艺对渗滤液处理的效果及活性炭的多次使用情况.结果表明,COD和氨氮(NH4+-N)的去除率随着AC用量、PS用量(S2O82-:12COD0)、MW功率和辐射时间的增加而增大,pH值对COD的去除影响不明显, NH4+-N在碱性条件下得到更理想的去除效果;在活性炭用量为10g/L,PS用量为S2O82-:12COD0=1.2,pH=9,MW功率和辐射时间分别为500W和10min时,垃圾渗滤液中的COD和NH4+-N去除率分别为78.2%和67.2%,BOD5/COD由0.17增至0.38;不同工艺对垃圾渗滤液处理效果显示,MW-AC-PS工艺对垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率明显高于其他处理,且MW、AC和PS之间存在协同效应,MW热效应显著;活性炭四次实验后,COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别为61.2%和46.1%.     

Occurrence and removal of organic micropollutants in the treatment of landfill leachate by combined anaerobic-membrane bioreactor technology

Organic micropollutants,with high toxicity and environmental concern,are present in the landfill leachate at much lower levels than total organic constituents (chemical oxygen demand (COD),biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),or total organic carbon (TOC)),and few has been known for their behaviors in different treatment processes.In this study,occurrence and removal of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs),16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),and technical 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in landfill leachate in a comb...     

MnO2催化O3处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物

研究利用MnO₂催化O₃氧化技术对准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物进行处理.系统研究了臭氧投量、二氧化锰投量和初始pH值对有机物的去除效果和反应动力学.通过UV-Vis和3D-EEM技术对渗滤液尾水中溶解性有机物分子结构在O₃/MnO₂体系的转化进行了探究,在此基础上,运用XRD、SEM、EDS和XPS对二氧化锰的催化机理进行研究.结果表明：在反应时间为20min,O₃投量为18.92mg/min,初始pH值为3时,添加0.2g/L的MnO₂能显著提升有机污染物的去除能力,较单独O₃作用,其COD、UV₂₅₄、色度CN的去除率分别提升了24.66%、4.95%和12.57%,并且生色团的有机物最易被臭氧氧化降解.紫外-可见光谱和三维荧光显示,O₃/MnO₂体系能使废水中腐殖质降解,其有机物的芳香性程度、分子量和缩合度均降低,体系对苯环类化合物的降解效率提高,最终,废水的可生化性得到显著提高.与此同时,反应前后MnO₂未出现新增价态峰值的变化,Mn（Ⅳ）在催化过程中占主导地位,MnO₂在O₃/MnO₂体系中协同机理为MnO₂催化O₃产生羟基自由基以及MnO₂在体系中转化为水合二氧化锰,改变催化剂表面理化性质与有机物形成复合物,以此促进羟基自由基的选择性,从而提升了难降解有机物的去除效果.