关于快速冻结装置设在独立作业间整改方案的探讨

正笔者在日常检查中发现一些地方安监部门及部分企业在涉氨制冷企业专项整治中,对存在快速冻结装置未设置在独立作业间且作业人员超过9人重大隐患的企业整改要求存在一些疑虑。一是对独立作业间的理解不一致,误认为快速冻结装置外所罩的保冷作用的小间为独立作业间。二是不知如何判定独立作业间的设置是否满足要求。笔者根据现场检查经验并查对相关标准规范,就此作一探讨。快速冻结装置的独立作业间(简称:冻结间)     

水电工程项目群交叉作业风险演化机理研究

为提高水电工程项目群风险管理效率及模拟风险演化的自组织形成路径,建立基于系统动力学的风险演化研究方法。在建立水电工程项目群交叉作业风险因素层次体系基础上,运用因果反馈结构定性分析其演化机理;通过确定交叉作业风险动力学流图及变量间的函数关系,构建风险演化的系统动力学模型。以定量分析某流域在建水电工程地下项目群的交叉作业风险为例,验证模型有效性。结果表明:交叉作业风险量在1~4个月间大幅增长;5~9个月间,在风险管控逐步生效及其与风险积累间的自组织形成过程中,交叉作业风险量下降且波动明显;10~24个月间,交叉作业风险量出现小幅度恒定增长,且波动水平较低。风险自组织形成路径与案例后续反馈结果基本相符。     

低温作业对人体有哪些影响

什么是低温作业,目前还没有一个公认的明确的定义,但一般认为在气温10℃以下环境中作业可称之为低温作业,也就是说,凡存寒冷季节从事户外作业或室内有冷源设备而无采暖的低温条件下作业均可属于低温作业。低温作业对机体的影响不单纯是环境气温低的程度,还取决于低温环境中人体防寒保暖程度,体力活动强度,饮食及健康状况间的关系,即低气温与其作用于人体状态间的相与关系——冷作用强度。有时工作环境气温虽低,但所着装具保暖量充分,机体热代谢保持平衡,皮肤温、体温不     

地槽式干船坞预制沉箱作业危险因素控制

利用地槽式干船坞预制用于码头建设的空心混凝土沉箱,同在地面上预制比较,具有占地面积少、预制效率高、沉箱下坞便捷和制造成本低等优点,是一种新型沉箱预制工艺。在施工过程中,由于施工机具集中、施工机具间交叉作业频繁,施工机具与作业人员间立体交叉作业复杂,作业人员密集,发生各种伤害事故的概率较大,人员应急疏散困难。     

建筑施工塔式起重机司机作业心理负荷研究

为研究建筑施工塔式起重机司机的作业心理负荷,设计作业心理负荷问卷,对塔式起重机司机的作业心理负荷水平及其影响因素进行调查。结果表明,塔式起重机司机的作业心理负荷较高,作业中的脑力资源需求量较大;工龄、作业难度、复杂程度等因素对作业心理负荷具有较为显著的影响作用;作业心理负荷与作业疲劳间存在相关关系。最后,对降低塔式起重机司机作业心理负荷水平提出几点建议,包括:合理分配作业任务、去除作业环境中的不利因素、加强作业经验交流分享及创建人文关怀的组织文化。     

供电作业人身事故危害多元线性回归预测

为了定量评估电网作业和运行的风险,提出了一种基于5M因素分析法和多元线性回归的供电作业人身事故危害预测方法。借鉴安全行为学、安全心理学和事故致因理论,首先将供电作业中影响人身安全的因素分成5个大类,即人、设备、材料、方法和环境。然后分析所有因素间的相关性,将相关性较强的影响因素中对人身事故危害程度弱的一方剔除,并采用南方某电网公司人身伤亡事故数据为例进行分析,删除了两个人身安全影响因素:工器具配置和作业性质。继而,采用多元线性回归法建立供电作业人身事故危害值与各人身安全影响因素间的关系,对供电作业人身事故危害值进行预测。最后,以南方该电网公司2003~2013年发生的64起供电作业事故验证所提方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于FTA和ISM的有限空间中毒窒息事故致因分析

为减少有限空间作业中毒窒息事故的发生率,提高有限空间作业的安全管理水平,应用事故树分析方法(FTA)和解释结构模型(ISM)分析有限空间作业中毒窒息事故的致因因素及因素间的相互关系。首先,建立有限空间作业中毒窒息事故树并求出基本事件的结构重要度;其次,将基本事件进行归类和修正后得到ISM的致因因素;再次,利用ISM理论构建7个层级的表明致因因素间关系的解释结构模型(ISM)。结果表明：ISM层级间存在根本影响因素向间接影响因素递阶,进而向直接影响因素递阶的关系。因此,可以通过加强根本影响因素的管理提高间接影响因素的安全状态,从而降低直接影响因素的发生率。     

矿工情境意识多层递阶驱动模型构建

为了分析煤矿工人的情境意识要素间的因果关系结构,建立更具鲁棒性的情境意识驱动模型,提出了一种基于DEMATEL和ISM法耦合的矿工情境意识驱动模型构建方法。首先,在构建情境意识概念模型的基础上从组织、个人和环境3个维度辨识矿工情境意识驱动要素;然后,运用熵值法计算矿工情境意识驱动要素的权重,并借助DEMATEL和ISM方法确定情境意识驱动要素间的因果作用关系,进而构建矿工情境意识驱动模型。结果表明,班组安全氛围是矿工情境意识的根本影响因素;生理心理状况、工作记忆、作业能力和作业经验是直接影响因素;组织制度、人岗匹配性、作业环境、培训组织、作业规程和作业负荷设计是间接影响因素。     

基于传感器信息综合的带电作业安全防护系统北大核心CSCD

为有效保障带电作业过程中作业人员安全,根据作业人员不安全行为的统计,提出带电作业安全防护系统。在杆塔适当位置安装视频检测设备和超声测距传感器,快速检测作业人员的位置与周围横担、塔身及其他带电体间的距离,判断是否安全越限;通过穿戴设备检测作业人员的脉搏、体温、血氧饱和度和心电信号等参数,快速识别和预警作业过程中的安全隐患,以听觉方式提醒作业人员,实时掌握作业过程中的异常状况;通过4G无线网络将作业现场的音视频信息传送到现场指挥单元和控制指挥中心。结果表明:带电作业安全防护系统能够最大程度地避免带电作业过程中安全事故的发生。     

八闽动态

正福州市鼓楼区推进汽车维修行业职业卫生安全监管工作今年来,鼓楼区稳步推进职业卫生安全监管各项工作。4月13日,该区组织对辖区内一类维修企业6家汽车4S店开展职业卫生专项检查工作,督促做好职业病防治工作。检查人员深入现场了解作业情况,并积极指导督促4S店做好职业卫生管理工作。经查6家汽车4S店共有烤漆房11间,实际开展喷漆烤漆作业的10间,从事喷漆烤漆的作业人员有28人。检查人员明确要     

工会组织必须承担起和履行好劳动保护监督检查的历史重任和神圣职责

本文就思想认识、安全投入、安全法制建设等方面,详实地论述了工会组织在企业安全生产、劳动保护监督检查中的地位、作用及历史赋予的职责。     

International survey on the education of occupational health nurses

In 1990 the Scientific Committee on Occupational Health Nursing (SCOHN) of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) carried out a survey on the education of occupational health nurses (OHN) in various countries. A questionnaire with 23 questions was mailed to 50 countries.Replies were received form altogether 37 countries (74%). The length of the general nursing education varies from two to five years, being three years in 21 countries. In two European countries it is less than three years.Some special training in occupational health is included in the general nursing education in 14 countries. However, the length of this training varies considerably. The special training is the longest in Denmark, Finland and Norway.According to the answers, special postgraduate courses are organized in 21 countries. Training in occupational health is also included in the public health nursing education of 12 countries.University level programs on occupational health nursing are available in eight countries. Joint education on occupational health at university level has been organized for various professionals in 13 countries. The length of this education varies greatly from some months to several years. In four countries the length of this joint education is one academic year.General nursing education is the basic requirement for occupational health nurses in most of the countries surveyed. However, training in occupational health is not included in this education in most of the countries. Special postgraduate courses in occupational health are organized in 21 countries to OHNs who are employed in Occupational Health Services. There is an urgent need to develop the education of OHNs in most countries surveyed.     

Historical evolution of process safety and major-accident hazards prevention in Spain. Contribution of the pioneer Joaquim Casal

This paper aims at presenting the evolution of process safety in Spain from various points of view. In first place, a study of the accidents occurred in this country in the process industry and in the transportation of chemical substances is presented. After this, the starting point of the process safety research in Spain and its evolution during the years are explained. The importance of this topic has also been reflected in the chemical engineering studies in some Spanish universities. Therefore, the current status of the studies on process safety in Spain is analyzed in this paper. A section has also been devoted to the process safety in the Spanish industry. An analysis of the related legislation and its implementation in the Spanish process industry is also presented in this paper. Finally, the professional career of Prof. Joaquim Casal, the pioneer in Spain in process safety and risk assessment, is summarized.     

城市道路积尘PM 2.5碳组分春秋季节差异分析

为了解城市道路积尘PM 2.5中碳组分春秋季节差异,利用样方法采集石家庄市4种不同类型道路积尘PM 2.5样品,测定有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)浓度并分析。结果表明:OC,EC在积尘PM 2.5中平均浓度春季为86.77,12.11 mg/g,秋季为119.70,9.44 mg/g,秋季OC浓度大于春季,EC相反;OC/EC为6.4~7.9(春季)和11.36~17.49(秋季),存在严重的二次污染,秋季明显高于春季。与国内不同地区对比发现,石家庄市道路积尘中碳质颗粒物污染严重。主成分分析发现春季积尘中的碳主要来自于汽油车与柴油车尾气排放、道路降尘的沉积,而秋季则增加了生物质燃烧、燃煤排放的影响。     

北京沙尘天气与源地气象条件的关系

本介绍了影响北京地区沙尘天气的沙尘源地,沙尘暴发生的条件和传输路径,分析了沙尘暴源地的气候要素特征及其对北京地区沙尘天气的影响,说明了北京沙尘天气发生和加剧的原因,影响北京地区沙尘天气的境外源地主要位于哈萨克斯坦,俄罗斯以及蒙古国境内,境内源地主要位于内蒙古和新疆,以及甘肃和青海的部分地区,沙尘天气发生必须具备三个条件：沙源,大风,气流辐合（垂直对流）,有沙源不一定起沙,但无沙源一定不起沙,沙尘暴源地的气候特征主要表现为冬季寒冷,夏季炎热,全年降水稀水,影响北京的沙尘传输路径,最主要的有两条,即西路传输和北路传输,北京沙尘天气与沙尘暴源地的春季降水比较结果表明,北京地区沙尘暴和浮尘天气发生次数与沙尘源区春季大气降水量有比较显的负相关关系,北京扬沙天气的发生与沙源区冬春季降水量相关关系不显,说明北京扬沙天气起因与源区降水没有明显的关系,北京扬沙天气主要受本地的自然条件和人为活动的影响。     

Worldwide trends in alcohol and drug impaired driving

Improved laws, enhanced enforcement, and public awareness brought about by citizens' concern, during the 1980s led to dramatic declines in drinking and driving in the industrialized world. The declines included about 50% in Great Britain, 28% in The Netherlands, 28% in Canada, 32% in Australia, 39% in France, 37% in Germany, and 26% in the United States. Some of these declines may be due in part to lifestyle changes, demographic shifts, and economic conditions. In most countries the declines reversed in the early 1990s and drinking and driving began to increase. By the middle of that decade the increases stabilized and the rates of drinking and driving again began to decline. These decreases were much less dramatic than those in the 1980s. Approaching the end of the 1990s and early in the new century, the record has been mixed. Some countries (France and Germany (until 2002)) continued to reduce drinking and driving while in other countries (Canada, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and the United States), there was stagnation and in some cases small increases or even large increase as was the case in Sweden. Complacency and attention to other issues in recent years have been difficult to overcome in some countries. Harmonization of traffic safety laws in the European Union has strengthened laws in some countries but threatens existing strong policies in others. It may be that the major gains have already been made and that additional progress will require a much greater level of scientific knowledge, use of new and emerging technologies, and political and social commitment to put in place proven countermeasures.     

水口山有色金属公司实施互保联保的经验

针对矿山安全生产现状，3年来在矿山职工中实施安全生产互保联保管理，有效地促进了矿山安全生产，并取得了良好的效果。     

Child Abuse Investigation: Police Officers and Secondary Traumatic Stress

Child protection is an area of police work which has expanded in the last decade, leading to an increase in the number of police officers working in departments which specialise in investigating cases of child abuse. Police officers in this field may be at greater risk of experiencing secondary traumatic stress but there remains a paucity of research in this area of policing. Analogies can be drawn to existing research in policing and with social service workers involved in child protection. The paper finishes off with implications for police forces to ensure safe working environments and appropriate counselling for employees.     

我国生产安全卫生法律法规体系形成的标志

到2010年底,作为中国特色社会主义法律体系社会法部门的生产安全卫生法律法规体系已经形成。从法律法规体系主干法的制定、各法制环节的机体机制建立、生产安全卫生各方面工作基本做到有法可依等方面,论述了我国生产安全卫生法律法规体系形成的标志,说明了我国生产安全卫生的组织体制、运行机制和法律法规体系的主要内容。     

北京、东京及釜山地铁防灾应急设施现状调查研究

地铁在面对各种灾害时,各类防灾及应急设施的准备是否充分将直接影响到救援工作的质量。通过实地考察北京、日本(东京地铁车站为主)及韩国釜山城市的地铁车站防灾应急设施,探讨东京和釜山地铁与北京地铁应急设施的异同,并结合我国关于大型现代地铁枢纽站应急预案的研究,针对我国地铁在防灾应急设施方面存在的问题提出改进建议。