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西方灾害经济学研究的历史回顾 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
对西方灾害经济学发展的历史作了简要的叙述,对其关心的主要问题作了初步的归纳,并按灾害对经济系统物质方面和制度方面的影响分别对百方灾害经济学研究的历史文献作了综述和评论. 相似文献
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本文对两种自然爆炸灾害——天体对地球的撞击和空间碎片对航天器的撞击进行了分析,指出了这种自然灾害发生的概率及危害特性,探讨了预防灾害的可能方案。 相似文献
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王继山 《防灾减灾工程学报》1992,(3)
摘要本文对地裂缝的成因进行了分析,并对该区产生地裂缝的原因就地震、地质、地下水诸因素进行了具体分析,并运用地下水平衡方程式对该区地下水进行了具体分析计算,从而论证、探讨了该区地裂缝的成因。 相似文献
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高温下高强度混凝土的爆裂规律与柱截面温度场计算 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
通过对国内外相关研究结果的整理和分析,总结了高温下高强混凝土的爆裂规律。编制了柱截面温度场的计算程序,并考虑了高温爆裂对温度场的影响,对高强混凝土柱的截面温度场进行了计算分析,给出了截面中轴线上由于爆裂引起的温度变化的回归公式。 相似文献
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本文结合相关资料,对建国以来我国自然灾害的灾情进行了有益的分析:首先分析了建国以来我国自然灾害的基本特征,然后进一步对其成因进行了分析,最后则对频繁发生的自然灾害对我国社会发展的严重影响进行了的探讨,认为自然灾害的频繁发生已经成为我国社会持续发展的长期性制约因素,而减轻其造成的损失就成了谋求我国社会持续发展的一项紧迫任务。 相似文献
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安徽省水旱灾害与社会经济可持续发展 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
分析了安徽省水旱灾害及其成因与特点,阐述了防洪减灾事业的可持续发展。防汛抗旱是基础性、公益性事业,应当优先发展,重点建设,要全面规划,标本兼治,综合治理;要开源节流,挖潜改造,实现水资源可持续利用,要强化防汛抗旱的非工程措施;要努力提高防汛抗灾的科技含量。 相似文献
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This article reflects an investigation of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and HIV/STI prevalence of Sudanese refugees and Ethiopian sex workers in 1992. It represents one of the earliest such investigations within an African refugee population. The investigation took place in the Dimma refugee settlement in south-western Ethiopia and study participants included Sudanese refugee men and women and Ethiopian female sex workers. Methods used for this investigation included focus group discussions, behavioural surveys and serologic testing. The main outcome measures of the investigation were HIV/STI knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and biological markers for HIV, syphilis and herpes simplex 2. The study findings indicate that in the early 1990s, knowledge about AIDS and condom use was low among Sudanese refugee women and not one reported having ever used a condom. Furthermore, sexual contact between refugee men and sex workers was frequent during the time of this study and the prevalence of HIV and other STIs was high. The results confirm a widely held assumption that highly mobile and transient populations in Africa are susceptible to STIs and HIV, in large part due to their knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. 相似文献
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《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(2):114-132
The wildland fire sector faces increased frequency and size of fires and increasing community expectations and costs of management, and is turning more to economics to inform management and policy decisions. However, the literature on costs and benefits of wildland fires and their management is disparate and unstructured and requires critical review and synthesis to better inform potential users. We reviewed 60 economic studies to identify why, what and how evaluations were undertaken. We synthesised the results into a systematic framework of the types of economic evaluations and methods that can be undertaken to inform fire management and policy. We found that key challenges in undertaking economic evaluations include risk and uncertainty surrounding decisions, and data limitations. Most studies have focused on sector management-level decisions of pre-suppression and suppression activities, dominated by US applications. There are opportunities to undertake evaluations in other decision and geographic contexts. 相似文献
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为了解决新能源波动性导致电力系统调峰能力严重不足的问题,针对极端情况下负荷和新能源功率严重不匹配的情况下提出了一种考虑机组启停含负荷侧调用的电力系统调度方法,首先根据负荷和新能源功率相减拟合得到等效负荷,其次根据等效负荷和火电机组最大最小技术出力的关系确定火电机组的功率分配、负荷侧调用和机组启停情况,然后对比了不含机组启停、仅考虑机组启停和含负荷侧调用考虑机组启停调度方法下的限电成本、限电率和启停成本,最后通过仿真验证了本文调度方法的可行性。 相似文献
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Camillo Boano 《Disasters》2009,33(4):762-785
Tsunami intervention has been an extraordinary and unprecedented relief and recovery operation. This article underlines the complexities posed by shelter and housing intervention in post-tsunami Sri Lanka, revealing a pragmatic, reductionist approach to shelter and housing reconstruction in a contested and fragmented environment. Competition, housing anxiety and buffer zone implementation have resulted in compulsory villagisation inland, stirring feelings of discrimination and tension, and becoming major obstacles to equitable rebuilding of houses and livelihoods. A new tsunami geography has been imposed on an already vulnerable conflict-based geography, in which shelter has been conceived as a mono-dimensional artefact. An analysis of the process and outcomes of temporary and permanent post-tsunami housing programmes yields information about the extent to which shelter policies and programmes serve not only physical needs but 'higher order' objectives for a comprehensive and sustainable recovery plan. 相似文献
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近年来,受极端地震和极端天气的影响,泥石流灾害日益加剧,山区城镇泥石流风险问题逐渐引起大众的关注。泥石流的早期识别和监测预警作为防灾减灾的有效途径之一,已在山区城镇及重大工程建设区发挥重要的减灾作用。分析总结泥石流早期识别与监测预警技术方法和理论的目的在于掌握其发展现状与问题,进一步为山区城镇泥石流灾害防灾减灾提供有效应急对策。同时指出改进当前存在问题可为后期发展提供参考依据。本文通过文献综述法在阅读大量文献基础上,从技术与设备、预警理论与模型和监测预警体系3个方面对泥石流早期识别和监测预警研究进行回顾与评述,并针对其不足提出了加强深度学习在泥石流早期识别中运用,注重构建地面因素与天上因素耦合的泥石流预警模型,完善泥石流灾害应急系统的初步看法。 相似文献
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自然灾害防治综合立法研究:定位、理念与制度 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,国家高度重视防灾减灾救灾,发布了防灾减灾救灾系列重要文件,实施了应急管理体制机制重大改革举措。落实防灾减灾救灾新思想新理念新要求,契合国家发展改革的现实需要,应加紧推进自然灾害防治综合立法。自然灾害防治综合立法的定位是自然灾害防治的基本法、应急管理的特别法、公共安全的支撑法。自然灾害防治综合立法应在坚持以人民为中心理念、风险防范理念、综合防治理念、权利保护理念的基础上,确立自然灾害风险隐患排查、危险区避让及搬迁转移、自然灾害科普、自然灾害防治社会参与、自然灾害保险等制度,为推进我国自然灾害防治体系和防治能力现代化提供法制保障。 相似文献