涂装工艺综合/组合环境加速试验研究及应用

本文阐述了实验室综合/组合加速试验的意义和作用,分析了涂装工艺综合/组合加速模拟试验设计的基本要求和方法,选取了6种典型涂装工艺试验样品,开展了实验室单因素试验、多因素综合/组合加速环境试验和自然大气暴露试验的对比研究,结果表明综合/组合加速环境试验具有较好的相关性和加速性。     

光老化-盐雾复合试验新方法研究

有机材料主要经受光老化、盐雾、温湿度变化等环境影响,本文设计了一种光老化-盐雾复合试验方法,该方法将光老化和盐雾环境综合/组合在一起,体现了自然界中太阳光的光照和暗周期交替、盐雾的干湿交替、温度变化和湿度变化,更接近自然环境的真实情况。本文对8种有机涂层样品,分别进行了光老化-盐雾复合试验、GIB 150.7A试验、GB/T 16422.2试验和西沙永兴岛自然大气暴露试验,定量分析比较了这些方法的相关性与加速性,试验结果表明本文设计的光老化-盐雾复合试验优于GB/T 16422.2试验和GIB 150.7A试验,更适用于南海热带海洋环境。     

垃圾焚烧炉预处理系统设计与优化

论述了垃圾预处理系统的一些关键设备和技术要点,分析了垃圾焚烧炉预处理系统的流程设计和不同的设备组合方式,并介绍了一种用于循环流化床焚烧炉的预处理系统流程和试验结果。     

综合环境试验系统中受试产品表面Cl元素沉降聚积效果正交分析

针对综合环境试验系统中受试产品表面检出Cl元素的异常现象,提出基于正交试验的受试产品表面Cl元素沉降聚积效果分析方法。介绍试验系统工作原理与Cl元素检测方法,明确试验目标,通过前期实验筛除试验系统中与Cl元素沉降聚积无关的因素,最终确定三因素两水平的正交试验,对通风、吸波材料、试验时间等进行组合研究。通过对正交试验结果分析,发现了导致Cl元素沉降聚积量最大的多因素组合,从而为大量开展的综合环境试验中Cl元素的控制提供参考。     

可靠性试验评价技术发展及其应用

本文介绍了可靠性试验评价的概况和技术发展,论述了可靠性仿真试验、可靠性强化试验、可靠性加速试验、系统可靠性试验、加速退化试验和可靠性综合评价的概念、方法、基本流程及其主要应用。     

对随机振动试验方法的探讨

本文详细介绍了随机振动试验过程中存在的振台推力估算方法、夹具设计安装、控制/响应传感器的安装方法,对试验前的准备及试验过程的实施进行了描述,探讨了试验过程中发生的中断及其处理方法。     

大型吹砂吹尘综合环境试验系统工程实现及应用

本文介绍了大型吹砂吹尘综合试验系统的设备构成和系统设计应考虑的关键技术。阐述了主要功能和技术指标,论述了砂尘浓度、试验段风速、试验段温度和相对湿度等主要试验参数的调节技术,并给出了应用结果。能够为大型吹砂环境试验设备的设计和试验应用提供参考借鉴。     

提高现代声学仪器产品的可靠性

本文从使产品不易丧失工作能力的观点出发,介绍提高现代声学仪器产品的可靠性——改进传感器结构、研制低噪声电路、研制A/D转换技术,以及产品可靠性设计控制试验和提高等方法和措施。     

全国电工电子产品环境技术标准化技术委员会1992年年会标准审查纪要

全国电工电子产品环境条件与环境试验标准化技术委员会于1992年9月22日至24日在深圳举行年会。会议期间,由韶能仁副主任委员主持审查了由广东省邮电科学研究所负责起草的下列两项国标送审稿: 1.低温/低气压/振动(正弦)综合试验方法; 2.温度(低温、高温)/低气压/振动(正弦)综合试验导则。     

产品研制过程中的三种环境试验和试验条件

简要介绍贯穿于产品研制过程中的设计研究试验，鉴定试验和验收试验的技术状态和试验条件的制订方法。     

常规兵器三综合环境试验技术研究

对温度-湿度-振动综合试验过程中的环境应力故障分析、试验标准剪裁、试验量值确定、试验设备及试验过程、试验结果评定等问题进行分析论述，分析结果对温度-湿度-振动综合试验设备选型和温度-湿度-振动综合试验具有参考价值。     

An Investigation of Environmental Racism Claims: Testing Environmental Management Approaches with a Geographic Information System

The purpose of this research was to explore the concept of an environmental racism claim through the use of several environmental management tools. The EPAs Toxics Release Inventory, Cumulative Exposure Project, and the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services' Hot Zone Census Tract Assessment were combined with racial and socioeconomic data to test claims that minorities in South Central Los Angeles are disproportionately exposed to environmental lead. Multivariate analysis indicated that race is strongly associated with the number of cases of elevated blood lead levels in South Central, irrespective of poverty status. Proximity to point sources, a common focal point for studies of environmental racism, was not a contributing factor to health outcomes. Proximity to transportation corridors was consistently the strongest indicator of environmental lead exposure, while median home values were significantly and positively related to elevated blood lead levels. Implications for environmental justice advocates and social and environmental scientists are discussed.     

西双版纳自然环境试验站环境真菌的鉴定

采用自然沉降法对西双版纳自然环境试验站的环境真菌进行收集和分离;同时采用显微形态观察对其中的16株真菌进行分类鉴定,结果16株真菌归属于2个纲、4个目、5个科、10个属;结合ITS区间序列分析,确定5个主要环境真菌类群的分类地位。本研究将有助于开展环境试验和防霉研究工作。     

综合环境应力可靠性试验系统的配置设计及主要技术指标论证

综合环境应力可靠性试验系统是实施电子设备可靠性试验的重要技术手段，根据试验对象的试验技术要求编制试验设备系统配置及主要技术指标是关系试验设备能否完成试验任务的关键。正确合理地编制系统配置和技术指标无论于技术角度和经济角度都有着十分重要的意义。正确的配置设计和指标论证依托于对试验设备构成技术的深入研究和相关关系的准确把握。综合环境应力可靠性试验系统的配置设计和技术指标论证方法，对其他环境试验设备的选型论证也有一定的指导意义。     

Environmental benefits of substituting talc by sugarcane bagasse fibers as reinforcement in polypropylene composites: Ecodesign and LCA as strategy for automotive components

The auto industry is compelled to improve its environmental performance, namely by making use of renewable materials and cleaner manufacturing processes with lower energy intensity, and at the end-of-life of the auto, recyclable products and materials are desirable specifications that need to be considered at an earlier design stage, i.e., promoting the ecodesign. This paper provides an analysis of such a strategy for a material that is used extensively in the auto industry, namely polypropylene composites, as we have quantified the environmental impacts when sugarcane bagasse-reinforced polypropylene substitutes for talc-filled polypropylene (PP). To achieve these goals, a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed for the two alternatives, from raw extractions to the end-of-life (EOL) phase of sugarcane bagasse-PP and talc-PP composite, where data gathered in different industries in Brazil were included in the LCA GaBi software. Our analysis shows that in addition to similar mechanical performance, natural fiber composites showed superior environmental performance throughout the entire life cycle. This superior performance is because: (1) in the cultivation phase, sugarcane absorbs carbon through the photosynthesis process while growing, thus reducing the global warming impact of the materials used; (2) the production process is cleaner; (3) sugarcane bagasse-reinforced composites are lighter for equivalent performance, which reduces the amount of polypropylene used; and (4) the economic reuse proposed for the EOL sugarcane bagasse-PP composite was the best alternative to minimize environmental impacts.     

温度环境试验及其标准综述(一)温度对装备的影响及温度试验的重要性

阐述了温度试验在军工产品研制生产中的重要地位和用途,温度环境对装备的主要影响和典型故障模式;介绍了GJB 150/150A、HB 6167/6167A、GB/T 2423等我国主要军用、民用环境试验系列标准中包括的各种典型温度试验程序及其用途和模拟的环境;说明了各种典型试验程序规定或要求的温度试验各种特点和剪裁方法,并汇总列于一个表格中,以便于查阅,列出了温度试验标准中对温度试验箱和测试仪器仪表的要求,最后讨论了受试产品温度稳定、温度试验箱的选用,确保受试产品经受正确的温度条件、受试产品温度响应测量和温度试验中断处理等技术。本文分为四大部分:第一部分阐述温度对装备的影响、故障机理和温度试验的重要性;第二部分阐述了GJB150/150A、HB 6167/6167A和GB/T 2423等主要环境试验标准中的典型温度试验程序;第三部分详细说明了各种温度试验的试验温度和试验持续时间及其区别和剪裁方法;第四部分介绍了各种标准对温度试验设备的要求,温度试验设定点,确保试验温度准确施加和试验中断处理等温度试验技术。本文为其中第一部分。     

The trends of composite environmental indices in Korea

In this paper we construct for the first time an annual Composite Environmental Index from 1986 to 1995 in Korea, which is useful for evaluating the efficiency of environmental policies. Nine types of environmental problems are examined. On average, the composite index has increased annually by 5.3% over the 1986-1995 period, which implies that overall environmental quality has deteriorated gradually during this period. Problems such as the greenhouse effect, loss of biodiversity, natural resource depletion, and ecotoxication led to deterioration of environmental quality in the 1990s.     

Magnetic composite prepared from palm shell-based carbon and application for recovery of residual oil from POME

Magnetic separation combined with adsorption by activated carbon has been found to be a useful method for removing pollutants. In this paper, the use of palm shell as a source of activated carbon for the removal and recovery of oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) is studied. In the first part of the study, the properties of samples of activated carbon prepared from palm shell under a variety of different conditions were characterized for their hydrophobicity, surface areas and pore size distribution. The most effective of the activated carbon samples was prepared by impregnation with ZnCl(2) followed by combined physical/chemical activation under carbon dioxide flow at 800 °C. Four grams of these samples adsorbed 90% of the oil from 50 mL POME. In the second part, the palm shell-based carbon samples were given magnetic properties by the technique of iron oxide deposition. Ninety-four percent of the activated carbon/iron oxide composite containing the adsorbed oil could be extracted from the POME by a magnetic bar of 0.15 T. Four grams of the composite can remove 85% of oil from 50 mL POME and a total of 67% of the initial oil can then be recovered by hexane extraction. Powder X-ray diffractometry showed the presence of magnetite and maghemite in the activated carbon/iron oxide composite.     

±500kV直流复合绝缘子沿串积污特性研究

复合绝缘子的积污特性与瓷绝缘子和玻璃绝缘子有所不同,研究其积污规律对防止污闪有着重要意义。为此,以3支实际运行后的±500kV直流复合绝缘子为研究对象,系统测量其沿串不同位置的污秽度,用等值盐密(ESDD)和灰密(NSDD)表征。试验发现绝缘子不同伞上下表面的等值盐密和灰密大多呈现出U形的分布规律,尤其以等值盐密的U形分布更为明显,而且不同伞上下表面污秽U形分布规律性的强弱有一定差异。讨论了积污过程中电场对污秽沉积的作用以及自清洗过程中雨水冲洗的随机作用,更好地解释了直流复合绝缘子的沿串积污规律。     

Community Capacity for Watershed Conservation: A Quantitative Assessment of Indicators and Core Dimensions

Community capacity for watershed management has emerged as an important topic for the conservation of water resources. While much of the literature on community capacity has focused primarily on theory construction, there have been few efforts to quantitatively assess community capacity variables and constructs, particularly for watershed management and conservation. This study seeks to identify predictors of community capacity for watershed conservation in southwestern Illinois. A subwatershed-scale survey of residents from four communities located within the Lower Kaskaskia River watershed of southwestern Illinois was administered to measure three specific capacity variables: community empowerment, shared vision and collective action. Principal component analysis revealed key dimensions of each variable. Specifically, collective action was characterized by items relating to collaborative governance and social networks, community empowerment was characterized by items relating to community competency and a sense of responsibility and shared vision was characterized by items relating to perceptions of environmental threats, issues with development, environmental sense of place and quality of life. From the emerging factors, composite measures were calculated to determine the extent to which each variable contributed to community capacity. A stepwise regression revealed that community empowerment explained most of the variability in the composite measure of community capacity for watershed conservation. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of community capacity by quantifying the role of collective action, community empowerment and shared vision in community capacity, highlighting the need for multilevel interaction to address watershed issues.