共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
植物的硫主要来自根部吸收.植物叶片也具有吸收大气中SO_2的能力.因此,在污染环境中生长的植物,硫酸盐硫的增加比总硫增加的幅度要大,测定硫酸盐硫含量能更好地指示大气中SO_2的污染程度.植物叶片总硫含量已有几种分析方法,而硫酸盐硫的分析方法尚未见报导.本文对植物叶片中硫酸盐硫的浸出条件和硫酸盐硫的分析方法进行试验,并对实际的植物样品进行分析,得到了满意的结果. 相似文献
2.
从银川市硫酸盐化速率五年来的变化趋势分析环境空气中二氧化硫的污染状况 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
硫酸盐化速率反映大气中二氧化硫及硫的化合物的污染状况,文章通过对银川市1999~2003年硫酸盐化速率的346个监测数据的统计分析,研究了煤烟型城市环境空气中二氧化硫的变化规律及污染状况。 相似文献
3.
基于硫碳同位素研究南京北郊冬季霾事件中PM2.5来源 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2015年12月27日—2016年1月6日,针对南京北郊地区一次霾事件所采PM_(2.5)样品,测定样品中水溶性离子、硫同位素与碳同位素组分含量。水溶性离子研究结果表明:该次霾事件以二次污染为主且移动源占主要地位。硫同位素分析结果表明:硫酸盐的δ~(34)S(SO_4~(2-))值的范围为4.4‰~6.8‰,平均值为5.7‰±0.7‰(n=11),结合该地潜在硫源可知,此次霾事件中硫酸盐气溶胶主要来源为机动车尾气及煤炭燃烧。PM_(2.5)中的δ~(13)C值变化范围为-28.43‰~-24.94‰,平均值为-26.62‰±1.11‰,说明碳质污染物来源主要为机动车尾气、燃煤。此外,硫、碳同位素具有较好的负相关性,结合潜在硫源、碳源可知,2016年1月1日之前,南京北郊地区大气污染源以汽油车尾气排放为主;1月1日之后大气污染源以柴油车尾气和燃煤排放为主。 相似文献
4.
高锰酸钾——硫酸——过硫酸钾消化冷原子荧光法测定总悬浮颗粒物中… 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
测定环境大气悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞,用4种消化液进行对比实验,其中高锰酸钾-硫硫-过硫酸钾混合液消化效果较好,用冷原子荧光测定操作简便,检测下限为0.05μg/L,重复测定9个实际样品,相对标准偏差为11.6%,变异系数为10.4%,添加汞标准回收率为102%。 相似文献
5.
6.
大气环境自动监测系统中荧光二氧化硫分析器,化学发光式氮氧化物分析器分别与间断、连续采样盐酸副玫瑰苯胺比色法、盐酸萘乙二胺比色法同步测定大气中二二氧化硫、氮氧化物浓度。通过三个月对比测定所获得的二套数据无显著性差异,呈极显著性正相关,具有 相似文献
7.
通过煤粉、沸腾两种炉型锅炉,进行低硫优质煤种和高硫劣质煤种的对比燃烧试验,取得有代表性试验数据;将试验所得数据,对比梧州市区域燃煤排放二氧化硫和大气二氧化硫现状,预测推行试验方法的环境效益和经济效益,并证实此法是改善区域大气二氧化硫污染的有效途径. 相似文献
8.
大气痕量有机硫化物的光电离色谱法测定及硫酸铵在湿浸土壤中释放有机硫化物的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用国产光电离色谱仪(GC-PID)对有机硫化物:乙基硫醇,二甲基硫,二甲基二硫进行了分离分析,其最小检知量在亚微克/升级,并对北京郊区的某些天然源环境样品进行了有机硫化物浓度的测定,实验数据证实,在鸡场,猪场,水稻田与塑料蔬菜大棚等环境大气中含有机硫化物。研究了硫酸铵作为氮肥加入到水浸土壤中后,由于缺氧而生成有机硫化物的现象,观察了其对有机硫化物的释放规律及硫酸铵与葡萄糖分别作为硫源与碳源对有机硫化物生成的影响,实验结果认为:硫酸铵在五种不同类型的水浸土壤中(环境温度25℃),均可解离释放出有机硫化物,随其在土壤中加入量的增多,释放气中的有机硫浓度增加,二甲基硫的释放量最大。 相似文献
9.
芬兰酸化普查委员会最近的一份报告指出:国内外工业释放的硫、氮、氨和碳氢等物质造成大气的污染和自然界的酸化,在芬兰日趋严重。这些物质飘落在占芬兰全国土地面积2/3的森林中和湖泊中,使树木生长速度放慢,甚至枯萎、死亡、已有5000多个湖泊鱼类消失。 相似文献
10.
酸雨做为一个环境问题在中国只有不到二十年的历史,从有组织的观测至今不超过十五年.与北欧最早的酸雨观测相比,我们晚了三十年;与北美的酸雨研究性观测晚了二十年.1972年联合国人类环境会议上,瑞典政府提出了“跨越国界的大气污染——大气和沉降物中硫对环境的影响”的报告,此后酸性大气沉降物——酸雨(包括干、湿沉降)才引起各国政府的普遍重视,成为当今世界范围内重要的环境问题之一. 相似文献
11.
Inga E. Bruteig 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1993,26(1):27-47
Hypogymnia physodes was sampled from 179 sites of Scots pine forests regularly distributed throughout Norway. The purpose was to map the nitrogen and sulphur contents of lichen thalli on a large-scale geographical basis, and to relate these values to differences in atmospheric deposition and climate.The lichen nitrogen and sulphur concentrations showed large differences; the highest concentration values being 4–5 times greater than the lowest. The highest nitrogen and sulphur values occurred along the coast of southern Norway and on some sites in the inland of southern Norway. There was a close correlation between the two elements. The lichen N/S ratio decreased with increasing latitude.The nitrogen and sulphur contents ofHypogymnia physodes were both significantly correlated to estimated atmospheric deposition of these two elements in Norway. The degree of explanation improved when climatic variables such as temperature sum, altitude, annual precipitation and temperature were included. Factors promoting growth, such as high bark pH, mild winters, hot summers, high precipitation, high ammonium deposition and high evapotranspiration, were all associated with lower lichen nitrogen and/or sulphur concentrations. Unfavourable growth conditions, such as at high altitude, was related to higher concentrations than expected from deposition models. This indicates that differences in element concentration between nearby localities might be related to local differences in climate and lichen growth conditions. This should be taken into consideration whenever using lichens for biomonitoring. 相似文献
12.
Erik Schmieman Wim de Vries Leen Hordijk Carolien Kroeze Maximilian Posch Gert Jan Reinds Ekko van Ierland 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2002,7(3):163-178
This paper describes the application of an optimisation model for calculating cost-effective abatement strategies for the reduction of acidification in Europe while taking into account the dynamic character of soil acidification in a number of countries. Environmental constraints are defined in terms of soil quality indicators, e.g., pH, base saturation or the aluminium ion concentration in the soil solution within an optimisation model for transboundary air pollution.We present a case study for Ireland and the United Kingdom. Our results indicate that reduction of sulphur dioxide emission is more cost-effective than that of nitrogen oxides or ammonia. The reduction percentages for sulphur dioxide are highest, for two reasons: (i) marginal sulphur dioxide reduction costs are relatively low compared to marginal reduction costs of nitrogen oxides and ammonia and (ii) sulphur dioxide reduction is more effective in reducing acidification in physical terms than nitrogen oxides or ammonia abatement. Our dynamic analysis shows that a (fast) improvement of soil quality requires high emission reduction levels. These reduction levels are often higher than reduction levels that are typically deduced from the static critical loads approach. Once soil quality targets are reached, in our model, less stringent emission reductions are required to maintain the soil quality at a constant and good target level. Static critical load approaches that ignore dynamic aspects therefore may underestimate the emission reductions needed to achieve predefined soil quality targets. 相似文献
13.
Débora Bubach Leandro Dufou Soledad Perez Catán 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):4997-5007
The atmospheric transport of volcanic products are subject to several variables, mainly the height of the eruption column and wind direction, thus elements associated with the ashes are deposited in major or lesser degree depending on variables as latitude, wind and humidity. The lichens are able to reflect the atmospheric fallout. The present work evaluated the correlation between meteorological parameters, geographic locations, sulphur and other element concentrations in lichens genus Usnea affected by Puyehue–Cordón Caulle complex (North Patagonia Andean Range) eruption of June 4, 2011. Semiquantitative analyses of biological elements by scanning electron microscope methods, sulphur (S) by LECO and other elements by instrumental neutron activation were evaluated by principal component analysis. Elements as antimony, arsenic, barium, bromine, calcium, caesium, potassium, rubidium, selenium, and uranium correlated with distance to volcano, also calcium and potassium with longitude while bromine, rubidium, and potassium with humidity. Those results indicate that Usnea sp. is a good bioindicator of the atmospheric volcanic emissions in relation to environmental gradient. 相似文献
14.
Yu. A. Izrael I. M. Nazarov A. G. Ryaboshapko 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1982,2(4):417-423
The authors consider some possible ways of regulating three types of atmospheric emission of pollutants:
- emission of substances causing pollution of the natural environment on the global scale (global pollutants);
- emission of substances causing pollution on a regional scale, most often including territories of several countries (international pollutants);
- emission of substances causing negative effects in a relatively limited region, for example within border area of two adjoining countries.
15.
基于环境库兹涅茨曲线特征的桂林市大气环境状况研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据2006年-2012年桂林市经济发展主要指标和大气环境污染指标的统计资料,分析了该市人均 GDP 与SO2、NO x、烟(粉)尘排放量及 PM10质量浓度和 API优良率等大气环境指标的相关关系,建立了经济发展与大气环境指标之间的模拟曲线。模拟结果表明,桂林市处于工业时期,随着人均GDP增加,SO2和烟(粉)尘排放得到了一定程度的缓解,而NO x 和 PM10排放从长期看还处于上升趋势。建议改善能源结构,调整产业结构和工业布局,制定财税激励政策,开展环境综合整治,加大机动车排污防治力度,进一步控制大气污染。 相似文献
16.
Josef Brechler 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):269-275
Results of relatively simple gaussian dispersion model are presented. This model, developed in the beginning of this decade, is suitable mainly for determination of spatial distributions of annual mean concentrations of such kinds of air-pollution as sulphur dioxide (SO2), mixture of nitrogen oxides (NOx) or suspended particulate matter (SPM) from all types of emission sources located within the city - point sources, line sources and area sources. Model has been used in years 1994, 1996 and 1998 to assess the air-pollution distributions of the above mentioned kinds in the Prague area and the development of the air quality state. It contributed to the decision making process when possible impact of some changes in traffic system or in system of domestic heating, for example, has been investigated. In this contribution, behaviour of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and mixture of nitrogen oxides (NOx) ground concentration distributions are analyzed with respect to changing emission situation in Prague in recent years. Results show that SO2 ground concentration level decreases mainly due to changes in local heating methods and type of fuel used. Different trend can be seen in NOx ground concentrations thanks to rapid increase in the traffic density. 相似文献
17.
The paper presents an emission inventory for Cochin, which is a highly industrialized area situated in the southern part of India. A proper emission inventory is very important for planning pollution control programmes, particularly in coastal sites like Cochin, where environmental situations are of growing concern owing to their typical meterorological conditions. In a systematic way the sources are broadly classified as point, line and area sources. The data on emissions from industries, fuel consumption for vehicular and domestic activities along with the respective emission factors are used for estimating the emissions. The study reveals that industrial sources are mainly responsible for emissions of particulate matter, oxides of sulphur and ammonia in the region. Automobiles are the prime sources of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide emitting 95%, 77% and 70% respectively of their total emissions, while the contribution from domestic sources is not very significant. 相似文献
18.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric urban area: monitoring on various types of sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dejean S Raynaud C Meybeck M Della Massa JP Simon V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,148(1-4):27-37
The air quality over the Toulouse urban area (France) is recorded daily by the regional "Midi-Pyrénées" atmospheric pollution measurements network (ORAMIP). Relevant data is collected from about 100 analysers spread over more than thirty stations. The regulations covering major indicators of atmospheric pollution (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide) have been updated in recent years to include additional compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The ORAMIP, in partnership with the ENSIACET has undertaken background PAH average concentration measurements over the urban agglomeration of Toulouse during spring 2006 for various types of sites (traffic, urban, industrial). The sampling was performed using a low volume air sampler equipped with quartz fiber filters and polyurethane foams For the two urban sites, total atmospheric concentrations between 12 and 20 ng/m(3) have been obtained, whereas for the industrial site the values averaged 22 ng/m(3). In addition, and regardless of site, the average concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene, at present the only regulated PAH, were always less than the 1 ng/m(3) limit. 相似文献
19.
本文对乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量及其发展趋势作了简要的分析,说明目前市大气属煤烟-沙尘型污染区,氮氧化物和二氧化硫随着国民经济能耗的增加有发展的趋势,其它污染物仍稳定在目前水平,或稍有下降. 相似文献
20.
FILIPPO BUSSOTTI ENRICO CENNI ALBERTO COZZI MARCO FERRETTI 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,45(2):181-194
A survey of the crown status of Turkey oak Quercus cerris L.) trees in the boron-rich area atTravale (Southern Tuscany, Italy) was carried outin order to evaluate the impact ofgeothermal power plants. Crown thinness was assessed andmorphological and chemical tests werecarried out on leaf samples. Leaf area and dry weight weredetermined as morphological parameters;while the chemical measurements performed included nitrogenand potassium (among the nutrients),and sulphur, boron, arsenic and mercury (among the elements ofgeothermal origin). Acute damagewas found only in the area immediately adjacent to the outletsand is the result of the action of boron;crown thinness, on the other hand, is affected by the natureof the geological substrate. High quantitiesof sulphur were found in leaves throughout the survey area,due both to the availability of this elementin the geopedological substrate and to the atmospheric inputof geothermal H2S. The leafcontent of this element correlates negatively with thedistance from the power plants. Boron andarsenic are the other geothermal origin elements most commonlyfound in plant matrices. The presenceof these two elements is associated with leaf area reductionand/or an increase of specific dry weight.The most significant impact on the environment appears to beexerted by the southernmost powerplant, where there is an unfavourable ratio between quantityof emissions and height of the chimneys. 相似文献