共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
为研究有不同经验的驾驶员在高速公路特长隧道环境中的视觉特性,在高速公路特长隧道中开展实车试验。利用眼动仪采集29名不同经验驾驶人的注视持续时间、注视点位置、扫视持续时间、扫视频率及扫视幅度等视觉特性参数,运用统计分析方法比较眼动行为的差异性,分析驾驶经验及驾驶环境对驾驶安全的影响。结果表明:相较于普通路段,驾驶员在特长隧道段的平均注视时间更长,注视点分布位置在水平方向更广,在垂直方向趋于集中,扫视更频繁,且扫视幅度变小;相较于非职业驾驶员,职业驾驶员在不同驾驶环境中的注视时间较短,注视点分布位置更广,扫视频率较低且扫视时间较短。 相似文献
2.
利用动体视力检测仪,对沙漠公路行车途中汽车驾驶员进行包括静视力和动体视力在内的视觉特性的实地测试,并就获得的1 004个有效样本的检测数据进行统计整理,对受测驾驶员静、动体视力总体情况及其与驾驶员年龄、驾龄、持续行车时间、检测时的气温等因素之间的关系进行分析研究.对驾驶员视觉特性的实测分析表明:沙漠公路受测驾驶员静视力和动体视力平均值分别为1.3和0.7;动体视力相对于静视力的平均下降幅度为44.75%,远高于绿洲地区.关联度分析也表明,驾驶员的年龄、驾龄、驾车时间以及测试温度4项因素对其静视力、动视力以及视力降幅均具有较强的相关性,关联度均在0.76以上. 相似文献
3.
为探究接管自动驾驶车辆期间驾驶员的视觉特性,分析眼动与接管反应操控行为的关系,开展驾驶模拟试验收集驾驶行为及眼动数据。运用统计学方法,分析驾驶员感知不同接管场景的视觉特性,探究接管请求(TOR)前后眼动指标的变化规律;并基于视觉分配和瞳孔变化特性分析驾驶行为,揭示眼动特性与接管反应及驾驶操纵策略的内在联系。结果表明:TOR前,相较于静态场景,驾驶员感知动态场景诱发元素扫视更频繁且平均注视时间更短;此时驾驶员的视觉分配特性与其接管反应行为存在显著相关性。TOR后,驾驶员的注视时间增加,眨眼频率降低,瞳孔直径扩张,眼跳幅度增大;不同场景下驾驶员的瞳孔差异表明其应对动态场景时具备更好的警戒水平和更平稳的操纵策略。 相似文献
4.
为研究路怒情绪如何影响低驾龄驾驶员驾驶行为决策过程,在Wickens的信息加工模型基础上,构建路怒情绪影响下的驾驶员注意、感觉、思维决策的信息加工决策模型;设计问卷对驾龄在0~6年的低驾龄驾驶员进行调查,利用结构方程模型(SEM)验证调查结果。研究结果表明:驾驶员路怒情绪对注意影响的路径系数为0.57,对感知编码影响的路径系数为0.60,对思维决策影响的路径系数为0.40;路怒情绪对低驾龄驾驶员的驾驶行为决策过程的注意、感觉、思维决策有直接的显著影响。 相似文献
5.
以驾驶员和飞行模拟器构成人-机仿真系统,结合驾驶员完成单自由度补偿跟踪任务,对飞机仪表显示和屏显示方式进行了人-机系统仿真试验,通过频域辨识方法,获了拟线性驾驶员描述函数,进而分析了两种显示方式对驾驶员特性和人-机系统特性的影响。 相似文献
6.
新驾驶员是交通事故的频发人群,并与其驾驶反应特性有关.笔者对96名(男75名,女21名)新驾驶员(驾龄≤3年)的反应时进行测试,与一定样本量(83名)的对照组相应指标作比较,其结果表明:对于简单反应时间,由于信息复杂度低,受试组和对照组未能表现出显著差异;当加大信息复杂度时(3光复合刺激),两组间反应时差异较为显著(p<0.01),即新驾驶员的反应能力较对照组差;应当有针对性地对新驾驶员进行反应时训练以增加其驾车安全性. 相似文献
7.
不良情绪是引发交通事故的因素之一。为预防由驾驶员情绪引发的交通事故,利用 3层因果分解(驾驶员神经兴奋—驾驶员原始反应—车辆状态)深入分析情绪对驾驶行为的影响。设计并完成模拟驾驶试验,采集驾驶员高兴、悲伤、愤怒和恐惧4种情绪状态下的心电信号和行车数据;采用基线信号消除方法,分析驾驶员心跳间期、转向角和最大车道偏离在不同情绪下的变化值。结果表明:驾驶员在所有情绪状态下都有明显的交感神经兴奋并伴随着转向角度值增加。在高兴和愤怒情绪状态下,会产生更明显的车道偏离,驾驶员趋向更危险的驾驶行为;在悲伤和恐惧情绪状态下,产生较小范围的车道偏离,驾驶员趋向相对安全的驾驶行为。 相似文献
8.
为建立以人为中心的个性化汽车安全驾驶预警系统,提高驾驶安全性,在传统车辆换道模型的基础上,考虑驾驶员的愤怒情绪因素,通过改进传统的车辆自由换道模型,引入不完全信息动态博弈理论,构建驾驶员情绪换道博弈模型;依次计算驾驶员正常、愤怒情绪下换道2阶段过程中双方博弈收益,并通过30名被试在正常和愤怒情绪下的换道行车数据验证模型,分析换道决策博弈特征。研究表明:驾驶员的情绪因素对换道行为具有比较明显的影响,当博弈参与者中的目标车辆驾驶员处于愤怒情绪时,较正常情绪具有更高的换道频率。 相似文献
9.
提出一种利用驾驶员模型反演方法来进行驾驶员疲劳诊断研究的新方法.首先利用预瞄神经网络建立适应于复杂路况条件下的驾驶员-汽车-道路闭环模型,然后定义特定行驶轨迹内理论数据与试验数据的近似度为目标函数,将驾驶员参数的反演问题转化为多目标优化问题,采用基于实数编码混沌变异量子遗传算法的优化方法,获得全局最优解.试验中采用脑电和主观疲劳心理评测结合的方法确定被试者的疲劳状况.在每种疲劳状况下对驾驶员参数进行辨识,对结果进行统计分析表明,在考虑到车型、道路曲率等因素条件下驾驶员参数分布与驾驶员的疲劳状况有很强的相关性. 相似文献
10.
为探究城市道路条件下常见驾驶分心行为对驾驶绩效的影响,以16名青年志愿者为被试,开展实车驾驶试验,测量车辆纵向和横向行驶参数,对比分析正常驾驶和分心驾驶状态下的驾驶绩效,并探讨驾驶经验的影响。结果表明:3种分心行为均使横向加速度标准差和纵向加速度标准差增加,而使速度均值降低,说明驾驶员通过速度和转向控制补偿分心状态下的驾驶绩效;交谈对速度均值和纵向加速度均值、阅读广告对速度标准差和横向加速度均值具有显著性影响( p<0.05);接听电话时,经验驾驶员速度标准差明显高于新手( p=0.021);接听电话和阅读广告次任务下,经验驾驶员的横向加速度均值均明显较高( p=0 .003, p=0.004),说明经验丰富的驾驶员受分心行为的影响程度更低。 相似文献
11.
Objectives: Current methods of estimating compliance with graduated driver licensing (GDL) restrictions among young drivers with intermediate driver's licenses—which include surveys, direct observations, and naturalistic studies—cannot sufficiently answer many critical foundational questions: What is the extent of noncompliance among the population of young intermediate drivers? How does compliance change over the course of licensure? How does compliance differ by driver subgroup and in certain driving environments? This article proposes an alternative and complementary approach to estimating population-level compliance with GDL nighttime and passenger restrictions via application of the quasi-induced exposure (QIE) method. Methods: The article summarizes the main limitations of previous methods employed to estimate compliance. It then introduces the proposed method of borrowing the fundamental assumption of the QIE method—that young intermediate drivers who are nonresponsible in clean (i.e., one and only one responsible driver) multivehicle crashes are reasonably representative of young intermediate drivers on the road—to estimate population-based compliance. I describe formative work that has been done to ensure this method can be validly applied among young intermediate drivers and provide a practical application of this method: an estimate of compliance with New Jersey's passenger restrictions among 8,006 nonresponsible 17- to 20-year-old intermediate drivers involved in clean 2-vehicle crashes from July 2010 through June 2012. Results: Over the study period, an estimated 8.4% (95% confidence interval, 7.8%, 9.0%) of intermediate drivers' trips were not in compliance with New Jersey's GDL passenger restriction. These findings were remarkably similar to previous estimates from more resource-intensive naturalistic studies (Goodwin et al. 2006 Goodwin AH, Wells JK, Foss RD, Williams AF. Encouraging compliance with graduated driver licensing restrictions. J Safety Res. 2006;37(4):343–351.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Klauer et al. 2011 Klauer SG, Simons-Morton B, Lee SE, Ouimet MC, Howard EH, Dingus TA. Novice drivers' exposure to known risk factors during the first 18 months of licensure: The effect of vehicle ownership. Traffic Inj Prev. 2011;12(2):159–168.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Conclusion: Studies can practically apply proposed methods to estimate population-level compliance with GDL passenger and night restrictions; examine how compliance varies by relevant driver, vehicle, and environmental factors; and evaluate the implementation of a GDL provision or other intervention aimed at increasing compliance with these restrictions. Important considerations and potential limitations and challenges are discussed. 相似文献
12.
为研究驾驶员驾驶时使用不同手机导航方式对驾驶行为的影响,开展模拟驾驶试验,利用眼动仪获取4个场景下车辆行驶状态和驾驶人视觉参数;通过均值比较,方差和显著性分析,探究不同手机导航方式下驾驶行为存在的差异。结果表明:不同手机导航方式均造成驾驶分心,但分心程度不同;手持手机导航使驾驶人对前方和左侧区域的关注下降最为显著;使用导航时,驾驶人一般通过降低车速来减少分心带来的潜在风险,其中手持手机导航降低幅度最大;使用手机导航时,车辆纵向速度标准差更加集中,说明此时驾驶人对于车辆的控制变强。 相似文献
13.
分心驾驶容易影响驾驶行为,进而导致交通事故的问题。用理论建模方法,研究分心对驾驶行为及其可靠性的影响。介绍分心驾驶的定义和维度。基于驾驶行为理论,建立融合分心维度的驾驶行为模型,分析不同分心维度对驾驶行为的影响机理。基于可靠性理论,建立融合分心维度的驾驶行为可靠性模型,分析不同分心维度对驾驶行为可靠性的影响。结果表明:不同维度分心对驾驶行为的影响具有各自特点和交互性;减少影响系数高的分心维度,有助于提高驾驶行为可靠性;多维度分心比单维度分心会更大程度地降低驾驶行为可靠度,应减少或避免复合分心。 相似文献
14.
为完善我国驾驶人安全教育体系,预防由驾驶人引发的交通事故,选取潜在危险认知通过率、危险区域正确判断率、避险操作准确度为评价指标,利用自主开发的测试培训软件,采集36名被试的数据,分析不同训练频次及丰富度下,新手驾驶人潜在危险认知能力的提升效果。结果表明:反复训练可使驾驶人潜在危险认知能力提高并保持稳定;相较于低频训练,3~6天/次的高、中频训练效果更明显;相较于简单训练,有针对性教育指导的多样训练使驾驶人能力提升更快;有限的训练条件下,进行6~8次多样训练效果较好。 相似文献
15.
Objective: The elevated crash involvement rate of young drivers is well documented. Given the higher crash risk of young drivers and the need for innovative policy and programs, it remains important to fully understand the type of crashes young drivers are involved in, and knowledge of the lifetime care cost of crashes can support effective policy development. The aim of this article is to document the number and type of young driver crashes, as well as the associated lifetime care cost over a 9-year period (2005–2013) in Victoria, Australia. Methods: In Victoria, Australia, the Transport Accident Commission (TAC) has legislated responsibility for road safety and the care of persons injured in road crashes, irrespective of fault. TAC claims data for the period 2005–2013 were used to document the number and type of young driver crashes. Lifetime care costs (past and future payment liabilities) were calculated by Taylor Fry actuarial consultancy. License and population data were used to define the crash involvement rate of young drivers. Results: Over the 9-year period, 16,817 claims were lodged to the TAC by drivers 18–25 years of age following a crash. There were 646 fewer drivers aged 18–25 killed and injured in 2013, compared to 2005, representing an unadjusted change of ?28.7% (?29.8% males; ?28.4% females). The total lifetime care cost of young drivers killed and injured in Victoria for the period 2005–2013 was estimated to be AU$634 million (US$493 million). Differences between males and females, single- and multivehicle crashes, and fatalities and injuries were found to be statistically significant. Run-off-road crashes and crashes from opposing direction were overrepresented in the lifetime care costs for young driver claimants. Twenty-eight injured drivers were classified as high-severity claims. These 28 claimants require additional long-term care, which was estimated to be AU$219 million; of these 28, 24 were male (85.7%). The long-term care costs for these 28 drivers (0.16%) accounts for 34.5% of the total lifetime care cost of all 18- to 25-year-old injured drivers. Conclusions: By using no-fault lifetime care costs that account for medical and like expenses, rehabilitation, and social reintegration costs, a more accurate understanding of the cost of young driver crashes can be determined. Application of these costs to specific crash types highlights new priorities and opportunities for developing programs to reduce young driver crashes. 相似文献
16.
系统分析愤怒驾驶的研究方法和研究难点,从汽车驾驶人愤怒情绪产生的情景、汽车驾驶人愤怒时的表现或行为、汽车驾驶人愤怒情绪对交通安全的影响、汽车驾驶人愤怒情绪识别4个方面介绍汽车驾驶人愤怒驾驶的研究进展,以及国外汽车驾驶人愤怒驾驶研究的方法和工具.提出研究汽车驾驶人愤怒情绪应该重点关注样本的选择和研究方法的突破,并对发展趋势进行了展望:准确识别汽车驾驶人开车中的愤怒情绪,预测愤怒下的驾驶人开车可能产生的不安全行为,如何有效地管理愤怒驾驶,消除驾驶人在行车中的愤怒情绪,避免或降低愤怒驾驶对交通安全的影响. 相似文献
17.
为探究草原公路借道超车过程中驾驶人的视觉感知及负荷特征,开展典型草原二级公路实驾试验,采集驾驶人在自由行驶及借道超车过程中的眼动数据,对比分析驾驶人在自由行驶及超越不同车型车辆过程中典型眼动指标的变化特征及负荷的差异性。结果表明:驾驶人在超车过程中的注视时长、注视频率、眼跳频率均显著大于自由行驶工况,且大小车型之间存在差异;超车过程中驾驶人的注视点范围集中,注视转移模式固定;在超越小型车辆时,驾驶人注视点在前方道路与后侧视镜之间的转移概率大于大型车辆;超车过程中驾驶人的眨眼时长显著低于自由行驶工况。说明超车工况驾驶任务需求的瞬时增加会导致驾驶人的注视特征出现突变,精神负荷出现显著增加。 相似文献
18.
Objective: We studied the changes in driving fatigue levels of experienced and inexperienced drivers at 3 periods of the day: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m., 12:00 p.m.–2:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m. Methods: Thirty drivers were involved in 120-min real-car driving, and sleepiness ratings (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, SSS; Hoddes et al. 1973 Hoddes E, Zarcone V, Smythe H, Phillips R, Dement WC. Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach. Psychophysiology. 1973;10:431–436.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and heart rates (HRs) were recorded. Together with principal component analysis, the relationship between EEG signals and HR was explored and used to determine a comprehensive indicator of driving fatigue. Then the comprehensive indicator was assessed via paired t test. Results: Experienced and inexperienced drivers behaved significantly differently in terms of subjective fatigue during preliminary trials. At the beginning of trials and after termination, subjective fatigue level was aggravated with prolonged continuous driving. Moreover, we discussed the changing rules of EEG signals and HR and found that with prolonged time, the ratios of δ and β waves significantly declined, whereas that of the θ wave significantly rose. The ratio of (α + θ)/β significantly rose both before trials and after termination, but HR dropped significantly. However, one-factor analysis of variance shows that driving experience significantly affects the θ wave, (α + θ)/β ratio, and HR. Conclusions: We found that in a monotonous road environment, fatigue symptoms occurred in inexperienced drivers and experienced drivers after about 60 and 80 min of continuous driving, respectively. Therefore, as for drivers with different experiences, restriction on continuous driving time would avoid fatigued driving and thereby eliminate traffic accidents. We find that the comprehensive indicator changes significantly with fatigue level. The integration of different indicators improves the recognition accuracy of different driving fatigue levels. 相似文献
19.
Objective: The present study aimed to examine whether high-risk drivers differ from low-risk drivers in driving behavior in a simulated environment. Method: The 2 risk groups including 36 drivers (18 males and 18 females) performed driving tasks in a simulated environment. The simulated driving behaviors are compared between the 2 risk groups. Results: The high-risk drivers drove much faster and exhibited larger offsets of the steering wheel than did the low-risk drivers in events without incidents. Additionally, the high-risk drivers used turn signals and horns less frequently than the low-risk drivers. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the high-risk group differed from the low-risk group in driving behavior in a simulated environment. These results also suggest that simulated driving tasks might be useful tools for the evaluation of drivers’ potential risks. 相似文献
|