一体化工艺处理浙江某示范小康村生活废水

针对浙江某示范村生活污水的特点,分析了生活污水处理的各种常规工艺,采用先进的低运行成本的一体化工艺,取得了良好的处理效果,并详细介绍了一体化处理系统的组成、各个处理单元的设计参数,分析总结了设计工艺的特点.     

一种新型的污水处理设备--拼装式反应器

拼装式反应器是一种采用栓接方式将经过防腐处理的钢板现场拼接的新型的污水处理设备.反应器的设计由反应器罐体结构设计、基础设计及配套产品的嵌接设计3个方面构成;拼装式反应器与成熟的污水处理技术(如UASB、水解工艺、SBR、BAF等)的结合提高了污水处理设备的技术含量.拼装式反应器已在猪场废水、食品加工废水、制药废水、啤酒废水及城市污水等废水处理工程中得到了成功应用.     

浮动生物床/地下渗滤联合工艺处理校园污水的设计与管理

结合沈阳师范大学的校园污水处理实例,阐明地下渗滤与浮动生物床联合工艺的设计和运营管理的问题.实践证明,采用浮动生物床/地下渗滤工艺对生活污水进行深度处理,投资运行费用低、管理简单、出水水质稳定且优于所要求的回用水水质.     

特殊工况下船舶生活污水处理的试验研究

采用厌氧复合床反应器与接触氧化、接触沉淀相结合的工艺,针对实船条件下可能出现的重启动、倾斜、海水及淡水海水交替冲洗厕所和水力负荷增加等情况,进行了特殊工况下船舶生活污水处理的试验研究.结果表明,该组合工艺在设计条件下(HRT为5 h)重启动速度较快,可用于海水冲厕所产生的高盐度污水处理,耐受淡水海水交替变化的盐度冲击负荷变化能力较强,具有一定的水力负荷增加潜力,并且不受倾斜影响.     

UASB-FEO-氨吹脱-CASS工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

针对垃圾渗滤液可生化性差、氨氮含量高等特点和国内处理工艺现状,采用UASB-FEO-氨吹脱-CASS工艺处理合肥市龙泉山城市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液。介绍了工艺的重要构筑物及其设计参数。运行实践表明,整套装置运行平稳,出水水质满足设计要求。根据出水水质对该工艺进行技术分析以及运行结果的讨论,并与新发布的技术规范及排放标准进行对比分析。     

连续流分段进水生物脱氮工艺控制要点及优化

主要介绍了分段进水生物脱氮工艺的系统工作原理及工艺特性,并探讨了该工艺运行操作和设计的几个重要影响因素,如进水流量分配比、溶解氧、污泥回流比、C/N比等,并在此基础上讨论了分段进水生物脱氮工艺的优化控制对策.     

大豆蛋白和屠宰废水处理工艺研究

介绍了两公司大豆蛋白废水的水质水量和性质特征,分析工程的工艺设计和调试运行状况.对大豆蛋白和屠宰废水的处理,采用混和处理的总体工艺,理论研究和运行实践表明,混和处理利于均衡生物处理营养,优化厌氧处理工艺型式及参数.污泥培养时,尽快从间歇运行变为连续运行,利于基质和污泥的混和接触,促进油脂和脂肪酸的降解,防止油和脂肪酸的积累及其抑制作用,防止油脂包覆污泥,造成污泥漂浮流失.     

湖州市埭溪镇污水处理厂的工程设计

湖州市埭溪镇污水处理厂的设计规模,近期为2万m^2／d,远期为3万m^2／d,其污水处理工艺采用改良式A^2／O工艺,污泥处理工艺采用带式浓缩脱水一体机。文中着重介绍了工程设计参数、处理工艺流程及其设计特点。     

微絮凝-微滤用于印染废水回用反渗透预处理的试验研究

采用微絮凝过滤-微滤作为反渗透的预处理工艺,用于印染废水二级生化出水回用深度处理.试验考察了预处理效果、工艺参数和反渗透系统运行情况,分析了膜污染的类型及特点.试验结果表明,微絮凝过滤-微滤作为反渗透的预处理工艺,系统运行稳定,相对于超滤-反渗透的"双膜法"工艺,投资和运行费用相对较低,有推广应用价值.     

D型滤池在成都沙河污水处理厂深度处理中的应用

成都沙河污水处理厂二沉池出水进行深度处理的过滤单元采用德安公司研制开发的D型滤池.其核心技术是采用DA863彗星式纤维滤料作为内部填料,该填料具有过滤精度高、滤速快、自适应等特点,可进行直接过滤.对D型滤池内部结构、功能和运行工艺参数等作了较为详细的介绍.通过实际运行,D型滤池的出水SS小于10 mg/L,达到了设计要求.     

Modeling the spill in the Songhua River after the explosion in the petrochemical plant in Jilin

An explosion in a petrochemical plant in Jilin in the northeast of China on 13 November 2005 was responsible for the discharge of large quantities of benzene and nitrobenzene into Songhua River. This endangered the water supply of Harbin city and influenced the daily life for millions of people. The dispersion-advection equation was solved analytically and numerically and used to simulate the concentration of benzene and nitrobenzene in the Songhua River after the accident. Both solutions gave practically identical results. The main elimination process for both compounds was volatilization. The model results are quite close to the results obtained by measurements at monitoring stations. Arrival time of the pollutant wave, peak concentrations and end of the pollutant wave at Harbin and along the river were predicted successfully. The peak concentrations of nitrobenzene at Harbin were more than 30 times above the permissible limits for drinking water.     

焦化废水中细菌质粒的研究

细菌质粒中常带有一些可编码降解特殊有毒物质酶的基因,为了研究质粒对有毒物质CN^-的降解的意义,主要调查了焦化废水中好氧异养菌的质粒分布特点。从山西省焦化企业公司生化站、太原煤气公司焦化厂生化站中筛选出53株细菌,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法,采用GDS-8000型凝胶电泳分析仪进行拍照,同时测定各菌株降氰、降酚能力,CN^-采用异烟酸-毗唑啉酮法,酚采用4-氨基安替比林法测定。结果表明,质粒的存在与降氰力有一定的关系,但对降酚力的影响差异不显著。同时,通过对其中11^*号菌株进行了质粒转化和消除实验,证明质粒稳定,不可用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)消除掉,用E．cbli DHI作受体菌,用11^#菌株作供体菌。作转化实验,但由于种种原因,没有筛洗到转化子。     

Managing the relationship with the environment

This article describes the results of a survey carried out by the author's company on behalf of Rank Xerox. The objective was to assess attitudes towards environmental issues in both the public and private sector. Although there were some differences over priorities, both sectors agreed that development of environmental policies was essential to their future.     

水处理中含铁废料综合利用的研究进展

回顾了２０余年来我国在水处理中综合利用含铁废料的研究进展，分别评述了副产品硫酸亚铁制备絮凝剂ＰＦＳ的各种方法，废铁屑运用于内电解法水处理和其他含铁泥渣，废酸在水处理中的研究和应用现状，指出含铁废料综合利用中有待于进一步研究的若干问题。     

How the loss of forest fauna undermines the achievement of the SDGs

The human-driven loss of biodiversity has numerous ecological, social, and economic impacts at the local and global levels, threatening important ecological functions and jeopardizing human well-being. In this perspective, we present an overview of how tropical defaunation—defined as the disappearance of fauna as a result of anthropogenic drivers such as hunting and habitat alteration in tropical forest ecosystems—is interlinked with four selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We discuss tropical defaunation related to nutrition and zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). We propose a range of options on how to study defaunation in future research and how to address the ongoing tropical defaunation crisis, including but not limited to recent insights from policy, conservation management, and development practice.     

底泥修复中温度对微生物活性和污染物释放的影响

通过分析底泥中微生物的酶活性以及污染物的释放规律,探讨了温度对河道底泥生物修复的影响.结果表明,底泥中微生物的脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性随着温度的升高而显著增大,但温度对纤维素酶的活性影响较小.4 ℃和10 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量和微生物的酶活性均较低,水质较稳定;20～37 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量明显增加,微生物的新陈代谢能力有较大提高,水体的自净能力较强.在各种因素的综合作用下,20～30 ℃是进行底泥生物修复的适宜环境温度.此外,当pH为9.0以及添加葡萄糖时,底泥中微生物均表现出较高的脱氢酶活性.     

Attempts to probe the ozone layer and the ultraviolet-B levels of the past

To get a proper perspective on the current status of atmospheric ozone, which protects the biosphere from ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280-315 nm) radiation, it would be of value to know how ozone and UV-B radiation have varied in the past. The record of worldwide ozone monitoring goes back only a few decades, and the record of reliable UV-B measurements is even shorter. Here we review indirect methods to assess their status further back in time. These include variations in the Sun's emission and how these affect the atmosphere, changes in the Earth's orbit, geologic imprints of atmospheric ozone, effects of catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions, biological proxies of UV-B radiation, the spectral signature of terrestrial ozone in old recordings of star spectra, and the modeling of UV-B irradiance from ozone data and meteorological recordings. Although reliable reconstructions do not yet extend far into the past, there is some hope for future progress.