Biodegradation of synthetic surfactants by river microorganisms

Ｂｉｏｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃｓｕｒｆａｃｔａｎｔｓｂｙｒｉｖｅｒｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓ￥ＨｉｄｅａｋｉＭａｋｉ；ＫｅｎｒｏｕＴｏｋｕｈｉｒｏ；ＹａｓｕｈｉｒｏＦｕｊｉｗａｒａ；ＭｉｃｈｉｈｉｋｏＩｋｅ；ＫｅｎｊｉＦｕｒｕｋ...     

Destruction of VOCs by combination of corona discharge and catalysis techniques

ＤｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＶＯＣｓｂｙｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｒｏｎａｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅａｎｄｃａｔａｌｙｓｉｓｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓＭｕｈａｍｍａｄＡｒｉｆＭａｌｉｋ，ＪｉａｎｇＸｕａｎｚｈｅｎＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ...     

Study on the decolorization of dyes by microorganisms

Thirteen strains of bacteria with ability of dye decolonization were isolated from activated sludge and biofilm collected from textile wastewater treatment plants, and identified as Alteromonas, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter. Alcali-genes and Corynobacterium. These strains D33, D32, D4 of Alteromonas can decolorize 29 kinds of dyes with good decolorizing activities of about 2.6 mg dye/gram wet cells.h-1. The optimum pH was 7-8 and the temperature was 37℃. The growth of bacteria was 3 times better in shaking cultures than in static cultures. But the decolorization rate of dyes was 4-9 times more in the latter than in the former. The results from the examination of the reaction products of Diamond Chrome Red B and Diamond Narry Blue RRN indicated the possibility of biodegradation of these dyes by Enterobacter D17.     

The determinants of effective defluorination by the LiAl-LDHs

Millions of people in poor areas are still under the threat of fluoride contamination.How to effectively separate fluorine in water is an important step to reduce the ecological risk.In this paper,we performed a systematic DFT calculation focused on the defluorination behavior between the LiAl-and MgAl-LDHs.The results indicated that the LiAl-LDHs exhibited high chemical activity before the defluorination,because of the better electronic structure.After the defluorination,the LiAl-LDHs with adso...     

Monitoring of soil heavy metal pollution by earthworm

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｈａｌｆａｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｅａｒｔｈｗｏｒｍｓｈａｓａｌｍｏｓｔｂｅｅｎｌｉｍｉｔｅｄｔｏｒｅｇｉｏｎ，ｃｌａｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｂｉｏｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｔｈｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｎａｔ...     

Extraction of copper ions by supercritical carbon dioxide

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｍｐｌｅｘａｔｉｏｎｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｘｔｒａｃｔｍｅｔａｌｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍｓｏｌｉｄｍａｔｒｉｘｓｕｃｈａｓｓｏｉｌｓａｎｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓ(Ｍｉｎｃｚｅｗｓｋｉ,1 982 ;Ａｌｆａｓｓｉ,1 992 ) .Ｔｈｅｓｅｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓｈｏｗｅｖｅｒａｒｅｕｓｕａｌｌｙｔｉｍｅａｎｄｌａｂｏｒ ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ.Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｒｅｑｕｉ…     

Seed treatment and inhibition of plantpathology by chitosan

ＳｅｅｄｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔａｎｄｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｌａｎｔｐａｔｈｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎＪｉａｎｇＴｉｎｇｄａ；ＭａＲｕｉｘｉａ；ＱｉＲｕｉｎｕｎｇ；ＺｈａｎｇＣｈｕｎｐｉｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｅｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎ...     

Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose （Na-CMC）, sodium alginate （SA）, polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）, and chitosan （CTS）, were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillusfumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes, Reactive Brilliant Blue KN- R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads （exceeding 95%）. The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.     

Destruction of VOCs by combination of corona discharge and catalysis techniques

The catalytic effect of alumina on the destruction of toluene, benzene, acetone and methanol, in DC pulsed corona discharge reactor was studied. In the presence of alumina the inlet concentration of the VOCs was varied from ～5×10^-6mol/L to ～80×10^-6mol/L, and their decomposition efficiency (conversion %) was found to be 99%—80% for toluene, 99%—97% for benzene, 95%—92% for acetone, and 72%—85% for methanol. Corresponding decomposition in the absence of alumina was 90%—38% for toluene, 89%—57% for benzene, 42%—30% for acetone, and 47%—19% for methanol. Feed gas flow rate was 400 cm³/min and power reading from DC source was 7.4 W in all of the experiments. Alumina also shifted the CO/CO₂ ratio in the by products in favor of CO₂. Ozone concentration at the reactor outlet was higher in the presence of alumina. Enhancement in VOCs decomposition by alumina was explained on the basis of higher concentration of ozone and its precursor atomic oxygen [O] . Decomposition efficiency (conversion %) for individual compounds was found to be inversely proportional to the ionization potential of the compound, under identical conditions. Double DC high voltage sources pulse generator was tested and found to improve VOCs decomposition compared with the conventional single DC high voltage source.      

Kinetics of continuous biodegradation of pesticide organic wastewater by activated carbon-activated sludge

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＮｏｖｅｌｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｃａｒｂｏｎａｎｄａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｓｌｕｄｇｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｈａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｔｓｅｆｅｃｔｉｖｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅＣＯＤｉｎｔｏｘｉｃｏｒｇａｎｉｃｗａｓｔｅｗａ...     

Production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor and its application in decolorization of dyestuffs: (Ⅰ) Production of laccase by batch and repeated-batch processes

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＮｏｎ ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｏｌｙａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｂｙｌｉｇｎｉｎｏｌｙｔｉｃｅｎｚｙｍｅｓｆｒｏｍｌｉｇｎｉｎ ｄｅｇｒａｄｉｎｇｗｈｉｔｅ ｒｏｔｆｕｎｇｉｈａｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｚｅａｗｉｄｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｎｔｓ(Ｋａｃｓｔｎｅｒ,2 0 0 0 ) .Ａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍ ,ｌａｃｃａｓｅ ,ａｌｓｏｃａｌｌｅｄｐｈ…     

Photooxidation of hydrochlorofluocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons initiated by OH radicals

ＰｈｏｔｏｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｆｌｕｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓａｎｄｈｙｄｒｏｆｌｕｏｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓｉｎｉｔｉａｔｅｄｂｙＯＨｒａｄｉｃａｌｓ￥ＺｈｏｎｇＪｉｎｘｉａｎ；ＭｕＹｕｊｉｎｇ；ＹａｎｇＷｅｎｘｉａｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣ...     

Oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As(Ⅲ) with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As(Ⅲ) concentration and dosage of Mn(Ⅶ). The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidizing of As(Ⅲ) in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by Mn(Ⅶ). Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn(Ⅶ) should have better performance in oxidization of As(Ⅲ) within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As(Ⅲ) under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) on the Mn(OH)2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As(Ⅲ).     

Degradation of nitrobenzene in wastewater by γ-ray irradiation

The degradation of nitrobenzene(NB) by γ-ray irradiation was studied. The influences of dose rate and initial NB concentration were investigated in details. At a dose rate of 55 Gy/min, the degradation kinetics was pseudo-first-order at NB concentrations from 0.2 mmol/L to 4.0 mmol/L. At an initial NB concentration of 0.8 mmol/L, the degradation of NB at various dose rates also followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Dissolved oxygen was found to have a positive effect on NB degradation. The degradation products were identified as nitrophenol, nitrosobenzene, and hydroquinone, and so on. Based on the product analysis, possible degradation pathways of nitrobenzene were proposed.     

Oxidation of As（Ⅲ） by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As（Ⅲ） with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As（Ⅲ） concentration and dosage of Mn（Ⅶ）. The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidation of As（Ⅲ） in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As（Ⅲ） by Mn（Ⅲ）. Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn（Ⅶ） should have better performance in oxidization of As（Ⅲ） within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As（Ⅲ） under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As（Ⅲ） on the Mn（OH）2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As（Ⅲ）.     

Degradation of nitrobenzene in wastewater by γ-ray irradiation

The degradation of nitrobenzene(NB) by γ-ray irradiation was studied. The influences of dose rate and initial NB concentration were investigated in details. At a dose rate of 55 Gy/min, the degradation kinetics was pseudo-first-order at NB concentrations from 0.2 mmol/L to 4.0 mmol/L. At an initial NB concentration of 0.8 mmol/L, the degradation of NB at various dose rates also followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Dissolved oxygen was found to have a positive effect on NB degradation. The degradation products were identified as nitrophenol,nitrosobenzene, and hydroquinone, and so on. Based on the product analysis, possible degradation pathways of nitrobenzene were proposed.     

Catalytic dechlorinafion of o-chlorophenol by nanoscale Pd／Fe

Transformation of chlorophenols by nanoscale bimetallic particles represents one of the latest innovative technologies for environmental remediation. Nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles were synthesized in the laboratory for treatment of o-chlorophenol. Most of the nanoscale particles are in the size range of 20-100 nm. BET specific surface area of the nanoscale Pd/Fe particles is 12.4 m2/g. In comparison, a commercially available Fe powder( < 100 mesh) has a specific surface area of just 0.49 m2/g. Batch experiments demonstrated that the nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles can effectively dechlorinate o-chlorophenol. Dechlorination efficiency is affected by the mass fraction of Pd in the bimetal, nanoscale Pd/Fe mass concentration and mixing intensity.     

Catalytic dechlorination of o-chlorophenol by nanoscale Pd/Fe

IntroductionTheuseofzerovalentironforthetreatmentofchlorinatedorganiccompounds (COCs )inwaterandgroundwaterhasbeenthefocusofmuchrecentresearch .Thestudieswereconcernedwithcompoundssuchascarbontetrachloride(Bradley ,1995 ) ,trichloroethene(Orth ,1996 ;Chen ,2 0 0 1)andpesticidesandrelatedcompounds(Sayles,1997;Monson ,1998;Eykholt,2 0 0 1;Dombek ,2 0 0 1) .Whenironisincontactwithalessreductivemetal,themetalcouplecanformgalvaniccells.ThishasledtothediscoveryofPd Febimetalliccomplexinwhichpal…     

Prediction of the amount of urban waste solids by applying a gray theoretical model

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＵｒｂａｎｗａｓｔｅｓｏｌｉｄｓａｒｅｍｏｓｔｌｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｆｒｏｍｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｉａｌａｒｅａｓ ,ｆａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓｏｒｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅｓ,ｍａｒｋｅｔｐｌａｃｅｓ,ｈｏｔｅｌｓ,ｒｅｓｔａｕｒａｎｔｓ,ｓｔｒｅｅｔｓａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌａｒｅａｓ.ＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇａｌｌｏｖｅｒＣｈｉｎａ ,ｕｒｂａｎｗａｓｔｅｓｏｌｉｄｓａｒｅｎｏｗｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｒｕｃｉａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎ…     

Production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor and its application in decolorization of dyestuffs : (Ⅰ) Production of laccase by batch and repeated-batch processes

The production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor was studied.The effect of cultivation on laccase production by Coriolus versicolor was examined to obtain optimal medium and cultivation conditions.Both batch and repeated-batch processes were performed for laccase production.In repeated-batch fermentation with self-immobilized mycelia, total of 14 cycles were performed with laccase activity in the range between 3.4 and 14.8U/ml.