嘉兴市南湖区网络电子拍卖排污权

近年来,嘉兴市南湖区积极探索减排新路径——初始排污权交易机制,举办了全国首次排污权指标拍卖会,创新实行排污权证拍卖、抵押、回购等制度,经过4年的实践努力,南湖区排污权交易体系已初具框架。截至2012年2月,全     

浅谈清洁生产与节能减排——以江苏省清洁生产开展情况为例

国家经济社会发展十一五规划提出了节能减排的目标,推行清洁生产,促进节能减排成为必然的发展趋势。文中阐述了清洁生产与节能减排的内涵及两者的相互关系,以江苏省开展清洁生产促节能减排情况为例,分析了江苏省清洁生产促节能减排的现状、存在问题,提出了下一步工作的建议。     

关于泰兴市“十二五”污染减排的困惑和对策

文中通过对泰兴市十一五期间主要污染物减排完成情况进行分析,总结成功经验,查寻存在问题,并通过对存在问题深入剖析,提出适应本地区减排工作的对策,为十二五主要污染物减排任务顺利完成提出积极的、有创新的建议。     

基层污染减排管理工作刍议

从科学发展观的高度,客观地分析了污染减排基层工作中存在的问题：包括传统污染减排核算体系欠规范;现有专业技术人员对新的污染减排核算办法不适应,进而提出了污染减排管理工作应建立的五个机制：考核运行机制、信息核查机制、信息公示机制、部门联动机制、行政问责机制。     

发达国家温室气体减排现状及对我国的启示

气候变化是当前全世界关注的焦点问题,大气中温室气体浓度的不断升高与人类活动存在密切的联系.温室气体的历史排放主要是由发达国家产生的,发达国家对气候变化负有主要的责任.目前发达国家温室气体减排履约的整体情况不容乐观,主要发达国家的排放量呈上升趋势,但一些发达国家的减排经验还是值得借鉴的.本文在总结发达国家温室气体减排政策和措施的基础上,结合我国实际情况,提出了我国温室气体减排的可能对策.     

北京市"十二五"期间主要水污染物减排对策研究

分析了北京市"十一五"期间主要水污染物减排取得的成效及存在的问题.根据国家"十二五"水污染物总量控制新要求,分别预测了北京市城镇生活源及工业源新增的COD及氨氮排放量.北京市污染减排将面临存量削减空间有限,新增污染物排放量削减压力巨大的新形势.提出了北京市"十二五"期间污染减排工作应以城镇生活污水治理为主,与环境改善相...     

污染物总量减排中存在的问题和对策

“十一五”全国主要污染物排放总量减少10％,已成为约束性指标。面对严峻的形势,尽管社会各界空前重视,但各地减排工作进展不平衡,仍存在着经济增长方式粗放、政策措施落实不到位等问题。针对存在问题,提出了以加大对产业结构调整力度、加大污染防治资金投入、实施严格的环境准入制度等政策措施;以完善减排体系、适时修改国家污染减排核算细则等技术措施;以加大对环境执法和环境监管的力度、对减排宣传的力度等保障措施。     

实施节能减排规划 确保实现约束性指标

近期,国务院发布了《节能减排"十二五"规划》(以下简称《规划》)。环境保护部指出,《规划》与国务院《"十二五"节能减排综合性工作方案》相衔接,侧重于重点行业和重点领域节能减排措施的细化和目标的量化,对有关领域、行业的节能减排提出了明确的任务和要求,是我国污染减排工作的具体部署和要求,也是实现"十二五"污染减排目标的重要保证。     

中国COD减排压力剖析及对策建议

经济与"两高一资"行业超预期发展、城市化进程加快、环保投资需求偏高、环境管理体制不完善、政策与措施的"时滞效应"等因素直接或间接制约了中国COD减排.直至2007年第3季度,COD排放量才首次下降.未来3年,中国COD排放量需年均减排3.5%,减排难度和压力极大.针对如何完成COD减排目标,重点剖析了中国COD减排的形势和面临的内在、外在压力,并从行政、法律、经济、技术、管理等方面提出了相应的对策建议.     

“十二五”畜禽养殖污染减排问题及防治对策

对中国"十二五"前3年畜禽养殖业污染减排实践中存在的问题和面临的困境进行了分析和梳理,针对问题依据各地养殖现状核算了各区域耕地粪污承载负荷。据此提出种养结合是区域适宜的粪污治理思路,为地方政府与环境主管部门推进畜禽养殖污染防治和粪污资源化利用提出了建议。     

Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, mercury, cadmium, copper, selenium, arsenic, and zinc in the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, in Norwegian waters

Residue levels of the chlorinated hydrocarbons polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total DDT, alpha-, beta- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and oxychlordane in blubber, and the elements mercury, cadmium, copper, selenium, arsenic, and zinc in liver, of 82 harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, were determined. The seals were found dead or dying in Norwegian waters during the disease outbreak caused by a morbilli virus in 1988. Of the chlorinated hydrocarbons, the highest concentrations were found of PCBs, which were 2-4 times higher than the total DDT concentrations. P,p'-DDE was the main contributor to the total DDT, and constituted about 80%. The PCB and total DDT concentrations ranged from 0.4-38 and 0.1-8.8 mg kg(-1), respectively. The mercury concentrations ranged from 0.1-89 mg kg(-1). Significantly higher mean levels of PCBs (13 mg kg(-1) and mercury (16 mg kg(-1)) were found in blubber and liver, respectively, of seals from the Southern coast of Norway, as compared to the corresponding mean levels in seals from the Oslofjord (8.8 and 4.1 mg kg(-1)), and at the Northwestern coast (5.8 and 7.9 mg kg(-1)), respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the concentrations of selenium and mercury. When the seals were grouped according to sex and age, females of ageclass > 1 and pups of both sexes had significantly lower PCB and total DDT levels than males ageclass > 1. Significantly higher hepatic mercury levels were found in seals ageclass > 1 as compared to pups. Only low levels of the other organochlorines, cadmium and arsenic, were found. Copper and zinc were considered to be present at normal physiological levels. The present organochlorine and heavy metal concentrations gave no support to suggestions that organochlorines and heavy metal pollution may be directly involved in the observed seal deaths.     

Lead,mercury, cadmium,chromium, nickel,copper, zinc,calcium, iron,manganese and chromium (VI) levels in Nigeria and United States of America cement dust

This study was aimed at investigating the relative abundance of heavy metals in cement dust from different cement dust factories in order to predict their possible roles in the severity of cement dust toxicity. The concentrations of total mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and chromium (VI) (Cr (VI)) levels in cement dust and clinker samples from Nigeria and cement dust sample from the United States of America (USA) were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAAS), while Zn and Ca were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS), and Cr (VI) by colorimetric method. Total Cu, Ni and Mn were significantly higher in cement dust sample from USA (p < 0.05), also, both total Cr and Cr (VI) were 5.4–26 folds higher in USA cement dust compared with Nigeria cement dust or clinker (p < 0.001). Total Cd was higher in both Nigeria cement dust and clinker (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), respectively. Mercury was more in both Nigeria cement dust and clinker (p < 0.05), while Pb was only significantly higher in clinker from Nigeria (p < 0.001). These results show that cement dust contain mixture of metals that are known human carcinogens and also have been implicated in other debilitating health conditions. Additionally, it revealed that metal content concentrations are factory dependent. This study appears to indicate the need for additional human studies relating the toxicity of these metals and their health impacts on cement factory workers.     

Emission inventory of eight elements,Fe, Al,K, Mg,Mn, Na,Ca and Ti,in dust source region of East Asia

Based on calculation of the emission rate of the atmospheric mineral dust and the data of elemental contents in surface soils, this paper calculates the emission inventory of eight main elements of the atmospheric dust, Fe, Al, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ca and Ti, in the dust source region of East Asia. As the dust sources in both Northern China and the Southern Mongolia are of three types and, in each of the six source type areas, surface soils are relatively uniform in soil types and soil texture, a simple method to calculate the emission of an element in one source type area is proposed by multiplying the total emission of the dust PM₁₀ and PM₅₀ in the source type area with the mean percentage content of the element in surface soils of the area. Comparison of our calculation of the total Fe emission in the source region of East Asia with the total Fe deposition to the North Pacific Ocean, measured and calculated by previous authors, shows very good agreement. This general method can also be used for the emission calculation of any other element.     

Effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen supply and tropospheric ozone on spring wheat-II. Nutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn)

CO(2) enrichment is expected to alter leaf demand for nitrogen and phosphorus in plant species with C(3) carbon dioxide fixation pathway, thus possibly causing nutrient imbalances in the tissues and disturbance of distribution and redistribution patterns within the plants. To test the influence of CO(2) enrichment and elevated tropospheric ozone in combination with different nitrogen supply, spring wheat (Tritium aestivum L. cv. Minaret) was exposed to three levels of CO(2) (361, 523, and 639 microl litre(-1), 24 h mean from sowing to final harvest), two levels of ozone (28.4 and 51.3 nl litre(-1)) and two levels of nitrogen supply (150 and 270 kg ha(-1)) in a full-factorial design in open-top field chambers. Additional fertilization experiments (120, 210, and 330 kg N ha(-1)) were carried out at low and high CO(2) levels. Macronutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg) and three micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Zn) were analysed in samples obtained at three different developmental stages: beginning of shoot elongation, anthesis, and ripening. At each harvest, plant samples were separated into different organs (green and senescent leaves, stem sections, ears, grains). According to analyses of tissue concentrations at the beginning of shoot elongation, the plants were sufficiently equipped with nutrients. Elevated ozone levels neither affected tissue concentrations nor shoot uptake of the nutrients. CO(2) and nitrogen treatments affected nutrient uptake, distribution and redistribution in a complex manner. CO(2) enrichment increased nitrogen-use efficiency and caused a lower demand for nitrogen in green tissues which was reflected in a decrease of critical nitrogen concentrations, lower leaf nitrogen concentrations and lower nitrogen pools in the leaves. Since grain nitrogen uptake during grain filling depended completely on redistribution from vegetative pools in green tissues, grain nitrogen concentrations fell considerably with severe implications for grain quality. Ca, S, Mg and Zn in green tissues were influenced by CO(2) enrichment in a similar manner to nitrogen. Phosphorus concentrations in green tissues, on the other hand, were not, or only slightly, affected by elevated CO(2). In stems, 'dilution' of all nutrients except manganese was observed, caused by the huge accumulation of water soluble carbohydrates, mainly fructans, in these tissues under CO(2) enrichment. Whole shoot uptake was either remarkably increased (K, Mn, P, Mg), nearly unaffected (N, S, Fe, Zn) or decreased (Ca) under CO(2) enrichment. Thus, nutrient cycling in plant-soil systems is expected to be altered under CO(2) enrichment.     

Half-lives of tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats,monkeys, and humans--a critical review

The elimination half-lives (t1/2) in Sprague-Dawley rats for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2, 3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) were estimated in long-term studies by Schlatter, Poiger and others. Furthermore, there are some published half-lives of TCDD in adult humans. The average half-life of TCDD in adult humans is approximately 2840 days, while in Sprague-Dawley rats the average t1/2 of TCDD is 19 days. The t1/2 of TCDD in humans is about 150 times that of rats. This factor was used to calculate the t1/2 values of the other polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in humans from the rat data. Furthermore, the terminal t1/2 values of PCDDs in adult humans were calculated from the regression equation: logt1/2H = 1.34 logt1/2R + 1.25 which was recently established for 50 xenobiotics (t1/2H = terminal half-lives in days for humans, t1/2R = terminal half-lives in days for rats). The following terminal half-lives in adult humans were obtained: 12.6 years for 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 26-45 years for 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD, 80-102 years for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and ca. 112-132 years for OCDD. These half-lives of PCDDs are critically compared with measured t1/2 values of PCDDs and other persistent organic pollutants in rats, monkeys and humans.     

Phthalic acid esters in grains,vegetables, and fruits: concentration,distribution, composition,bio-accessibility,and dietary exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Grain, vegetable, and fruit samples were collected from Xi’an City in Northwest China and analyzed for the characteristics, bio-accessibility,...