内循环厌氧膨胀床反应器颗粒污泥特性

研究了内循环厌氧膨胀床反应器(the internal circulation anaerobic expanded bed reactor, ICAEB reactor)的颗粒污泥特性.结果表明,该反应器在平均COD容积负荷28.2kg/(m³·d)下稳定运行时,平均COD去除率为89.0%,内循环比约12.5.反应器中培养出普通颗粒污泥和悬浮颗粒污泥.位于反应器第2反应区液面的悬浮颗粒污泥层具有动态稳定性,相对稳定的运行条件可降低其对反应器的不利影响,必要时也可采取适当的措施予以清除.     

高效厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的动力学特性

通过运行厌氧氨氧化上流式厌氧污泥床(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket,UASB)反应器,培育获得了高效厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥(high-rate ANAMMOX granules,HAG).以絮状厌氧氨氧化污泥(flocculent ANAMMOX sludge,FAS)作为对照,采用批次试验研究了HAG的动力学特性.结果表明,HAG的比厌氧氨氧化活性(specific ANAMMOX activity,SAA)为2.63kg.(kg.d)-1,是FAS的2.5倍;对基质氨和亚硝酸盐的半速率常数(KS)分别为17 mg.L-1和19 mg.L-1,低于FAS的对应值;对氨、游离氨和亚硝酸盐的抑制常数(KI)分别为11 679、505和735 mg.L-1,远远高于FAS的对应值.HAG具有优良的动力学性质,可使其在不利环境中竞争基质,这对新型的厌氧氨氧化菌种流加工艺具有积极意义.     

厌氧颗粒污泥自启动厌氧氨氧化反应特性研究

采用上流式厌氧反应器分别培养厌氧颗粒污泥（R1）及厌氧颗粒污泥与成熟厌氧氨氧化anammox混合污泥（R2）,对比分析2个系统的脱氮性能和微生物菌群特性。结果表明:R1总氮去除率在99 d时可达到74%,而R2仅需48 d即可维持在70%以上。进水氮负荷提升的同时,R1污泥中胞外聚合物（extracellular polymeric substances,EPS）含量上升更为明显,从而促进污泥颗粒化。高通量测序分析结果表明,R1中主要厌氧氨氧化细菌AnAOB为Candidatus Kuenenia（7.92%）,R2中优势AnAOB为Candidatus Brocadia（15.64%）,而Candidatus Kuenenia占3.02%。R1在较低厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度的情况下仍能保持相当的脱氮效率,更具有长期培养的潜力。     

EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥床工作状况及污泥性质研究

研究了处理低浓度有机废水的EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥床状况及颗粒污泥的性质,结果表明,液体表面上升流速(V_up)是影响EGSB反应器效能的重要参数,当进水COD为600～800mg/L时,较佳的液体表面上升流速(V_up)为1.5～4.5m/h,在此条件下,EGSB反应器COD负荷为24.5～25.7kg/(m3·d),COD去除率大于85%;同时还发现,经过一定时间的运行后,反应器中颗粒污泥粒径分布、沉降速度、胞外聚合物(ECP)等性质都发生了明显变化,颗粒污泥的平均粒径由0.85mm增加到1.78mm,平均沉降速度由41.2m/h提高到83.2m/h,而胞外聚合物(ECP)的含量则由接种污泥的32.5mg/g增加到57.8mg/g。      

利用填料式EGSB反应器启动厌氧氨氧化研究

对EGSB反应器进行改型,采用填料覆盖式出水富集培养厌氧氨氧化菌,并考察了反应器的脱氮能力,厌氧氨氧化现象,污泥颗粒化情况以及微生物变化情况。从第80天开始,反应器运行稳定,出现厌氧氨氧化现象,经过160多天的连续培养,总氮容积负荷达到0.88 kg/(m3·d),氨氮、亚硝酸氮去除率均在85%以上,污泥颗粒化明显,大部分污泥颗粒粒径在0.2~2 mm。反应器富集培养物中厌氧氨氧化菌含量明显增长,优势菌种为Candidatus_Brocadia属。     

厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)在高浓度工业废水处理中的应用

介绍了一种新型的用于高浓度有机废水处理的EGSB反应器 ,该反应器的工艺特点包括反应器内部的生物相的分层 ,颗粒污泥的变速膨胀 ,以及高效的三相分离装置等。该反应器最高CODCr容积负荷可达到 2 5kg m3·d以上 ,最高进水CODCr浓度可达 30 0 0 0mg L以上。并介绍了几个应用该工艺的具有代表性的工程实例。     

新型厌氧多级喷动床及其厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能分析

为改善厌氧反应器内的流态,加快污泥的颗粒化和形成具有生态梯度的微生物生态系统,设计并制作了新型厌氧多级喷动床,实验测试了反应器的水力喷动、气体喷涌和污泥分层分级现象。在常温下,利用新型厌氧多级喷动床接种混合污泥,经过42 d的培养,成功启动厌氧氨氧化反应器,稳定运行18 d后,NH₄+-N、NO₂--N去除率均达到90%以上。启动60 d后,反应器底部出现大量粒径2 mm左右的颗粒污泥,且污泥具有良好的稳定性和沉降性能,沉降速度达到70 m/h。结果表明:厌氧多级喷动床因其特殊的水力结构,可有效加快污泥的颗粒化。     

溶解氧对厌氧颗粒污泥活性的影响

采用血清瓶培养法,以厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器中接种的厌氧颗粒污泥为对象,研究了溶解氧(DO)对其产甲烷活性的影响.结果表明,水中溶解氧的升高会致使厌氧颗粒污泥的活性降低.常温22℃下,当溶解氧浓度从000mg/L上升到700mg/L时,其最大比产甲烷速率(SMA)值先后两次分别由75.9 mL·(g·d)^-1, 91.1 　mL·(g·d)^-1下降到47.6 　mL·(g·d)^-1,71.4 mL·(g·d)^-1.但温度的升高可以显著提高其活性并削弱这种变化趋势.与第1次产气实验结果相比,恒温28℃与35℃时,SMA值分别平均提高了54.0%和114.4％.进水中溶解氧的存在并不会对处理系统的运行造成不利影响,厌氧颗粒污泥对溶解氧有较强的耐受性和适应能力.因此,在工程实践中可以不考虑溶解氧因素的影响.     

厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床原理特征分析

从污泥床层流态、生化反应动力学、体系物相平衡角度分析了以循环为特征的厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器的结构特点,基质代谢和酸碱平衡特征,进而得出:高面积(H /A)和回流比(R)是实现反应器较高上升流速的结构和运行指标;回流引起反应器基质代谢特征的变化,同时使反应器处理增强;厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床的运行方式对调解、平衡系统的碱度、pH值起着积极的作用。     

高浓度磷对厌氧氨氧化效能及颗粒污泥特性的影响

为了研究高浓度磷对厌氧氨氧化效能和污泥特性的影响,采用UASB反应器进行连续试验,考察不同磷浓度时的Anammox脱氮效能,并通过扫描电镜和能谱分析技术对颗粒污泥表面形态和元素组成分析。结果表明:磷浓度达到600 mg/L时开始抑制厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能,700 mg/L对Anammox脱氮效能造成91.86%的抑制,降低磷浓度培养10 d后完全恢复;随着进水磷浓度的增加,反应器对磷的截留率减小;高浓度磷导致反应器底部颗粒污泥表面形成白色固体,为由C、O、P和Ca构成羟基磷灰石和磷酸钙等难溶化合物,能谱分析结果显示,该固体中O、P、C和Ca原子数量分别占41.89%、21.78%、14.41%和10.82%。     

Performance of Anammox granular sludge bed reactor started up with nitrifying granular sludge

IntroductionTheanaerobicammoniaoxidation(Anammox)isanovelbiologicalreactionthatproducesmolecularnitrogenwithammoniaaselectrondonorandnitriteaselectronacceptor,respectively (vandeGraff,1995 ;1996 ) .Anammoxprocesshasbeenshowntobeapromisingwayofremovingnitr…     

Performance and microbial diversity of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor for high sulfate and nitrate waste brine treatment

The disposal of waste brines has become a major challenge that hinders the wide application of ion- exchange resins in the water industry in recent decades. In this study, high sulfate removal efficiency （80%-90%） was achieved at the influent sulfate concentration of 3600 mg/L and 3% NaC1 after 145 days in an expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor. Furthermore, the feasibility of treating synthetic waste brine containing high levels of sulfate and nitrate was investigated in a single EGSB reactor during an operation period of 261 days. The highest nitrate and sulfate loading rate reached 6.38 and 5.78 kg/（m3-day） at SO42--S/NO3-N mass ratio of 4/3, and the corresponding removal efficiency was 99.97% and 82.26% at 3% NaC1, respectively. Meanwhile, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of the sludge on the 240th day for stable operation of phase X. Results showed that a total of 9194 sequences were obtained, which could be affiliated to 14 phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and so on. Proteobacteria （77.66%） was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes （12.23%） and Chlorobi （2.71%）.     

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor

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Effects of the support material addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor

As a support material, zeolite can be used to promote the granulation process due to its high settable property and the ability to retain biomass on its surface. The present paper reports on the influence of zeolite addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB). Different models were applied to fit the flow pattern and to compare EGSB hydrodynamic performance with and without the addition of zeolite. The experimental data fit the tanks in a series model for zeolite bed height of 5 cm and upflow velocity of 6 m/hr. Higher axial dispersion degree (D/uL) was obtained at lower heights of zeolite. The real hydraulic retention time (HRTr) was increased with both increased zeolite bed height and increased upflow velocity. The short-circuit results for 5 cm of zeolite bed and 6, 8 and 10 m/hr upflow velocity were 0.3, 0.24 and 0.19 respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using zeolite for a proper hydrodynamic environment to operate the EGSB reactor. The presence of zeolite resulted in the higher percentage values of dead zones, ranging from 12% to 24%. Zeolite addition exerted a positive effect on the hydrodynamics pattern for this technology being advantageous for the anaerobic process because of its possible contribution to better biofilm agglomeration, granule formation and substrate-microorganism contact.     

厌氧氨氧化膨胀污泥床反应器的化学计量学特性

采用厌氧氨氧化膨胀污泥床(ESB)反应器,研究了模拟废水中基质氨和亚硝酸盐对厌氧氨氧化工艺化学计量学的影响.结果表明,当分别只提高1种反应物的浓度时,反应器均表现出对富余基质具有额外吸纳的能力,致使其对富余基质的绝对去除量和相对去除量均增多.从厌氧氨氧化的反应模型和化学平衡的原理出发,可解释厌氧氨氧化工艺化学计量学的特性.根据化学计量学特性,可按需选取相应的进水基质比例,以实现不同的目的.     

EGSB反应器中厌氧颗粒污泥的脱氮特性研究

以厌氧污泥为接种物,启动膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器,经过3个月的连续运行,反应器中出现了颗粒污泥,表现出持续去除氨氮的能力,并出现了厌氧氨氧化现象.为了验证EGSB反应器中厌氧氨氧化反应的存在,并探讨厌氧颗粒污泥的生物脱氮特性,从EGSB反应器中取出颗粒污泥,并与亚硝化反应器中的活性污泥进行了对比研究.结果表明,好氧污泥反应器对TN、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率分别为45 5%、13 4%和99 9%;厌氧颗粒污泥反应器对TN、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率分别为54 3%、21 7%和99 9%.厌氧颗粒污泥反应器中NH+4 N的去除速率比较稳定,约为3 17mg·L-1·h-1(以N计).上述结果充分表明,EGSB反应器中发生了厌氧氨氧化反应.     

耦合厌氧氨氧化反应的高氮负荷型双室MFC性能研究

实验针对厌氧氨氧化反应在双室型MFC阳极和阴极2种形式的耦合,将厌氧氨氧化菌分别接种于a、b-双室型MFC的阳、阴极,并探究其产电、脱氮性能及脱氮机理.结果表明,2种类型的MFC均可在NH+4-N、NO-2-N浓度分别为400 mg·L-1和528 mg·L-1的高氮浓度模拟配水条件下稳定启动.与开路状态下的线性关系曲线不同,2类MFC在闭路状态下氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度均呈单指数关系衰减曲线,脱氮效率显著提高,周期内氨氮、亚硝态氮去除率均分别达到99%和85%以上.另外a、b-MFC平均容积氮去除负荷分别为0.417 kg·m-3·d-1和0.516 kg·m-3·d-1.在外阻1500Ω条件下,a-MFC最高输出电压48.0 m V,b-MFC最高输出电压可达到502.2 m V,b-MFC稳定输电周期约2170 min.     

EGSB反应器在微氧条件下的运行特性

对EGSB反应器在微氧和厌氧条件下的运行特性进行了对比实验研究,分析了EGSB反应器在微氧条件下高效稳定运行的可行性.研究结果表明,适量氧的加入提高了EGSB反应器的COD去除率,明显降低了出水VFA浓度对于427 mg·L-1、869 mg·L-1、1796 mg·L-1、3123mg·L-1的进水COD浓度,与厌氧时相比,微氧时COD去除率的增幅和出水VFA浓度的降幅分别为4.0%、4 2%、3.9%、1.1%和43%、40%、46%、18%;适量氧的加入并没有对甲烷菌产生毒害作用;氧化还原电位是微氧EGSB反应器更为理想的运行控制参数,一般在-380～-400 mV之间;微氧EGSB反应器具有很强的抗pH冲击、负荷冲击和温度冲击能力.     

MnO2强化厌氧氨氧化工艺启动及其微生物机理研究

通过对照试验考察了添加MnO₂对厌氧氨氧化污泥驯化和培养的影响,并采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术和定量PCR分析其机理.结果表明,添加MnO₂粉末能够显著提高容积氮负荷及运行性能,其脱氮速率高达848.04 mg·L^-1·d^-1,几乎是对照组反应器的2倍.16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术和定量PCR结果表明,添加MnO₂粉末促进了典型厌氧氨氧化菌Candidate Brocadia的富集,厌氧氨氧化菌16S rRNA基因和功能基因hzsB的丰度显著提高.     

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expaned granular sludge bed reactor

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L x d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO2(-) -N/(L x d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification (0.05 gN/(L x d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3% of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (34.3 mg/L) and nitrite (34.3 mg/ L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis.