汽车组装流水线作业工人工效学调查研究

对汽车组装流水线作业工人的作业体位、人机测量、劳动状况和生产环境的调查结果表明，过分低头、向前弯腰、手抬高过肩、手抬高过头、长时间站立、工作时间率较高、工作场所照度不足以及噪声值超标可能是存在的主要工效学问题，是导致慢性肌肉骨骼损伤的重要因素，应根据有关标准和法规，采取相应的劳动保护和工效学改进措施     

机械行业工效学调查研究

对机械行业工人的慢性肌肉骨骼损伤进行了工效学分析。结果表明，目前我国机械行业工人主要存在的工效学问题是：坐椅高度和坐位工作台高度较高，正常作业范围过大，同一动作持续工作时间过长、劳动时间率偏高、工中休息时间偏少。建议根据有关法规和标准，采取工效学改进措施     

电视机和有线通讯设备流水线作业工人的工效学调查研究

对电视机和有线通讯设备流水线作业工人的肌肉骨骼损伤进行了人类工效学分析。结果表明，过分低头、向前弯腰、手抬高过肩，长久坐位、同一动作持续时间过长以及工中休息时间太短，可能是造成工人肌肉骨骼损伤的主要原因     

邮局分拣工肌肉骨骼损伤工效学调查研究

调查结果表明，以手工操作的我国邮局信件分拣工种主要存在工效学的问题是强迫体位（如过多低头、前弯腰、侧弯腰等），工作单调且具有高频率，同一动作持续时间过长，劳动定额较大以及生理心理负荷较重等。建议采取有效劳保措施，保障分拣工人健康，以提高信件分拣效率     

视屏作业人员慢性肌肉骨骼损伤的调查研究

２３２名微机操作人员的慢性肌肉骨骼损伤表现为肩、颈、下背的酸痛和肩疲劳，与对照组比差异显著。手、腕及上肢的慢性损伤虽较对照组高，但无统计学意义。这与他们的击键次数相对较少（每日１００００次左右），但需长期间保持低头及向前弯腰的坐位姿势及工作台面太高等因素有关     

园林工人割灌作业职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的工效学研究

职业性肌肉骨骼疾患是园林工人的常见职业病,严重影响园林工人的工作效率和身体健康。对18名从事园林割灌作业的工人通过NMQ北欧肌肉骨骼系统问卷调查表进行调查,统计得出园林割灌作业的下背痛患病率约在60%左右,从事割灌整枝作业工人下背痛患病率为25%,从事割草作业下背痛患病率达444%,割草作业的下背痛患病率明显高于割灌整枝操作者。应用SPSS190软件进行下背痛的危害因子分析,得出下背痛的发生主要与重复动作、工龄、日提举负荷等有关。     

视屏作业人员慢怀肌肉骨骼损伤的调查研究

２３２名微机操作人员的慢性肌肉骨骼损伤表现为肩、颈、一背的酸痛和肩疲劳，与对照组比差异显著。手、腕及上肢的慢性损伤虽较对照组高，但无统计学意义。这与他们的击键次数相对较少，但需长期间保持低头及向前弯腰的坐位姿势及工作台面大高等因素有关。     

人类工效学在伐木作业中的应用

1人类Xi效学的定义及主要内容人类工效学是研究人与机器（工具）以及环境之间的相互关系，使人一机器（工具）一环境系统达到安全、舒适和高效率。人类工效学的科学基础主要是生理学、心理学、人体测量学、物理学、数学、工程学和社会学。具体研究内容：（）研究人和机器的合理分工以及相互适应问题；（2）研究机器系统中直接由人操作的机构、零部件适合人的使用问题；（）研究环境控制和生命保证系统的设计要求。2在伐木作业中的应用伐木作业劳动强度大、条件恶劣，易发生事故和导致职业病。自60年代起国外陆续应用人类工效学改善伐木作业…     

服装行业缝纫工作工效学调查研究

对服装行业缝纫工种工人的慢性肌肉骨骼损伤进行了工效学分析。结果表明，目前缝纫工主要存在的工效学问题是：坐位工作台均偏高，工作椅也普遍较高，同一动作持续工作时间过长（平均大于１小时），８小时工作日休息时间过短（平均仅为３０分钟）。建议根据有关标准和法规，采取相应改进措施     

视屏（VDI）作业人员心电图的观察

计算机技术的应用佃普及，春组成和结构关系，ＶＤＴ可产生电离辐射即射线，也产生电磁辐射，这辐射可对操作人员的健康有影响。为此，我们选择电力系统中，计算机工作人员为检查组４６人，对照组２６人。检查组作用的计算机正前方电场强度０－２７Ｖ／ｍ，γ射线水平１３．２－２１．８ｎＧｙ／ｈ。对两组人员进行了健康检查，描记心电图。     

试论安全人机工程学在矿业安全中的应用

安全人机工程学是一门新兴边缘学科。本文探讨它在矿业安全工程中的应用实践。根据人机功能特性及人机系统设计原理,分析了矿井通风及灾变防治中人机功能分配。综合应用电子、计算机、专家系统等新技术进行矿井正常通风模拟和调节以及灾变状态摸拟和控制系统的设计。提出了创造一个安全、卫生和舒适的井下环境的有益措施,以利于提高矿工的安全健康水平和工作效率。     

矿井火灾计算机模拟研究

介绍了国内外矿井火灾计算机模拟技术发展的历史和现状。将现有的矿井火灾计算机摸拟方法分为稳态模拟、一维瞬态模拟和多维瞬态模拟，并对其特点进行了分析和评     

低温环境对作业人员的影响及评价

低温环境在许多行业中都存在,它能影响作业人员的工作效率,甚至危害其身体健康,是劳动保护和劳动安全不可忽视的一个方面。本文主要从工程及生理学角度介绍不同的低温环境对作业人员的影响及相应的生理学反应;讨论对低温环境影响的评价方法及其应用,为低温环境作业人员的劳动保护及劳动安全提供一定的生理学依据。     

Physical limitations and musculoskeletal complaints associated with work in unusual or restricted postures: a literature review

INTRODUCTION: The vast majority of ergonomics research has addressed the demands of work in standing or sitting postures, and understandably so. However, many workers (e.g., underground miners, aircraft baggage handlers, plumbers, agricultural workers, mechanics, and others) are often required to adopt postures such as kneeling, stooping, squatting, or lying down for significant periods of the workday. METHOD: A literature search was performed using the ISI Web of Science database (for years 1980-2004). Articles retrieved from this search were evaluated in terms of relevance to assessing physical capabilities of workers in these postures and/or the musculoskeletal epidemiology associated with these postures. RESULTS: Work in unusual and restricted postures was associated with significantly higher rates of musculoskeletal complaints compared to workers not adopting these postures in epidemiology studies (Odds Ratios ranging from 1.13 to 13). Some studies suggested a dose-response relationship, with longer exposures leading to increased musculoskeletal complaints. Physical strength and psychophysical lifting capacity vary significantly as unusual or restricted postures are adopted, with lower lifting capacities evident in the kneeling, squatting, and lying positions. CONCLUSIONS: Workers who adopt unusual or restricted postures appear to be at higher risk of musculoskeletal complaints and often exhibit reduced strength and lifting capacity. Research needs in this area include improved exposure assessment tools, studies of intervention effectiveness, adaptations of the body in response of work in unusual postures, and elucidation of relevant injury pathways. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Workers who adopt unusual or restricted postures in their work often experience higher musculoskeletal injury rates. If awkward postures cannot be eliminated in the workplace, jobs should be designed in accordance with the reduced strength and lifting capabilities observed in these postures.     

Estimating the effectiveness of ergonomics interventions through case studies: implications for predictive cost-benefit analysis

PROBLEM: Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) can help to justify an investment in ergonomics interventions. A predictive CBA model would allow practitioners to present a cost justification to management during the planning stages, but such a model requires reliable estimates of the benefits of ergonomics interventions. METHOD: Through literature reviews and Internet searches, 250 case studies that reported the benefits of ergonomics programs and control measures were collected and summarized. RESULTS: Commonly reported benefits included reductions in the number of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) or their incidence rate, as well as related lost workdays, restricted workdays, and workers' compensation costs. Additional benefits reported were related to productivity, quality, turnover and absenteeism. DISCUSSION: Benefits reported were largely positive, and payback periods for ergonomics interventions were typically less than one year. SUMMARY: The results of this review could be used to develop predictive CBA models for ergonomics programs and individual control measures. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Cost-justifying ergonomics interventions prior to implementation may help to secure management support for proposed changes. Numbers used for the benefits side of a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) need to be based on "real world" data in order to be credible. The data presented in this paper may help in the development of simple cost-benefit models for ergonomics programs and control measures.