分离工艺在废水处理中的应用

介绍了废水处理中沉降分离，絮凝分离，气浮分离工艺的机理及其应用。概述了这些废水处理工艺的构成，参数及其装备并作了工艺分析与比较。     

炼油厂轻污染水回用试验研究

针对某炼油厂轻污染废水水质情况，选用了BAF（生物曝气滤池）工艺＋SF（砂滤）工艺对该废水进行净化处理。通过试验研究，得到了BAF工艺合适的运行参数，取得了满意的试验结果。经BAF工艺处理后，出水COD和油平均浓度分别为9.78mg／L和0.24mg／L，再经SF工艺进一步去除SS后，出水SS平均浓度为3．8mg／L，系统处理出水完全达到工业回用水水质要求。试验证明：BAF工艺是一种高效的处理方法，适合炼油厂轻污染水的净化处理。     

从铬泥和铬皮屑中制取红矾钠的研究

本文论述了以铬渣为原料，制取有应用价值的红矾钠的原理和工艺。通过试验得到最佳的工艺条件。该工艺投资少，转化率高，经济和社会效益明显。     

MBR脱氮工艺的研究进展

综述了MBR的脱氮工艺：A／O阶段MBR工艺和单级A/O程序MBR工艺的特点及脱氮效果，介绍了MBR脱氮工艺中的同步硝化反硝化和短程硝化反硝化现象，提出了研究方向和应用前景。     

生物脱氮除磷新工艺的研究进展

传统的脱氮除磷工艺存在许多不足之处，经济、高效、低耗的可持续脱氮除磷工艺已成为污水处理的发展方向。在分析中，介绍了运用短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化除磷理论的工艺：SHARON工艺、CANON工艺、ANAMMOX工艺、SHARON与ANAMMOX联合工艺、DEPHANOX工艺、BCFS工艺的机理和研究进展。     

连续流分段进水生物脱氮工艺控制要点及优化

主要介绍了分段进水生物脱氮工艺的系统工作原理及工艺特性，并探讨了该工艺运行操作和设计的几个重要影响因素，如进水流量分配比、溶解氧、污泥回流比、C／N比等，并在此基础上讨论了分段进水生物脱氮工艺的优化控制对策。     

膜生物反应器处理氨氮废水的研究进展

综述了膜生物反应器处理氨氮废水的三种工艺：常规活性污泥工艺、SBR工艺和A／O工艺。总结了国内外研究的工艺特征、技术参数和处理效果，并分析了其未来的研究方向和应用前景。     

深度氧化工艺处理稀浓度废水

研究运用深度氧化工艺去除废水中的稀浓度有机污染物，讨论了ＡＯＰＳ工艺的优，缺点及其可能的运用；同时考虑了最普通的ＡＯＰｓ工艺的需注意的工程设计问题，研究发现ＡＯＰＳ工艺最适合于目标污染物稀浓度且没有过量其它污染物干扰的情形。     

厌氧-两级SBR法处理高浓度洋蓟废水的研究

采用厌氧一两级SBR工艺处理洋蓟罐头生产排放的高浓度有机废水，确定了厌氧、SBR工艺的最佳运行参数。结果表明，通过该工艺处理后，COD的总去除率达到98％以上，出水COD为78mg／L，达到国家排放标准。     

铜酞菁生产中的三废综合治理及其资源化探讨

通过某铜酞菁化工生产企业三废治理及其资源化工艺改进的实践，总结出了一套行之有效的利用酸化工艺废酸的资源化新方法，不但从中回收了高价值的铜泥；同时利用废酸吸收生产工艺中的高含氨尾气，生产硫酸铵，达到了以废治废的目的，整个治理工艺符合循环经济的理念。通过该回收工艺的改进，使上述三废不再进入污水处理系统，从而解决了传统铜酞菁生产废水的高酸度、高盐分、高含氨、高难处理的矛盾，使铜酞菁三废处理易于实行。     

PCDDs & PCDFs from the MSW incinerator

In the range 670 to 900°C furnace temperature, dioxin concentrations strongly depended upon the oxygen concentration in the flue gas. In keeping the oxygen concentration at apploximately 12 percent, dioxin was reduced in the flue gas. For further dioxin reduction from the flue gas, it was the most effective process to treat the flue gas with bag filter system with 120 C operation.     

喷雾增湿设备的数学模拟设计

系统论述了喷雾增湿塔内水滴的运动状态与含尘气体的流动特性,建立了一个能反映喷雾增湿操作过程的数学模型,有助于确定该设备生产操作中的最佳控制参数.     

啤酒废水常温厌氧消化启动及运行实验

采用自行设计的复合式厌氧反应器在常温下对啤酒废水进行了厌氧发酵产沼气的实验研究,将进水COD控制在5 000 mg/L左右,采取逐步缩短HRT的方法来提高进水有机负荷,结果表明,启动运行41 d之后,产气量上升速度加快,反应器成功启动运行;在稳定运行过程中,随着负荷的升高,产气量呈阶梯式渐次上升,COD去除率保持在90%以上,出水pH值维持在7.0左右,TSS去除率达到60%以上,出水水质较好,说明该反应器具有较好的厌氧消化处理有机废水的能力。     

螺旋状中空纤维膜吸收器脱硫性能的研究

用自组装的膜吸收器试验研究了不同操作条件下的烟气脱硫特性。实验结果表明,脱硫过程传质阻力主要集中在气相和膜上,利用螺旋管技术可以强化气相的传质。     

Composition of Exhaust from a Regenerative Turbine System

Particulate and hydrocarbon content of gases in a regenerative gas turbine was analyzed at several points. Particle samples were measured with a condensation nuclei counter, a light scattering single particle counter and an impactor. Hydrocarbon analyses were made using gas chromatography. The effects of operation with JP-4 and No. 2 fuel oil were noted. It was concluded that a regenerative gas turbine will not add appreciably to the burden of air pollution. In fact, particulate contamination levels in the exhaust less than those in the inlet air indicates that the high rotation rate may result in some air cleaning. Low hyd rocarbon contents in the exhaust gas were ascribed to efficient combustion under the operating conditions used in this work. In general, it was concluded that hydrocarbon levels significantly lower than those seen from gasoline or diesel engines could be expected from a well maintained and operated regenerative gas turbine.     

螺旋状中空纤维膜吸收器脱硫性能的研究

用自组装的膜吸收器试验研究了不同操作条件下的烟气脱硫特性。实验结果表明，脱硫过程传质阻力主要集中在气相和膜上，利用螺旋管技术可以强化气相的传质。     

基于关联模型的二恶英在线检测研究

为实现二恶英快速检测,指导废物焚烧炉二恶英减排,通过检测生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气中氯苯和二恶英浓度,研究了三氯苯、四氯苯和二恶英之间的关联关系,并利用实验室自行研制的飞行时间质谱仪对烟气样品的三氯苯进行在线检测。结果表明,三氯苯与二恶英毒性当量(I-TEQ)之间存在良好关联性,相关系数(R2)可达到0.89。仪器检测信号强度与三氯苯浓度之间具有良好的线性关系,根据在线检测烟气样品中三氯苯的信号可得到三氯苯浓度,并根据关联模型计算得到二恶英毒性当量值I-TEQ,实现了对烟气样品中二恶英的快速间接测量。     

Biofiltration of gasoline vapor by compost media

Gasoline vapor was treated using a compost biofilter operated in upflow mode over 4 months. The gas velocity was 6 m/h, yielding an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 10 min. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiencies remained fairly stable approximately 15 days after biofilter start-up. The average removal efficiencies of TPH and BTEX were 80 and 85%, respectively, during 4 months of stable operation. Biodegradation portions of the treated TPH and BTEX were 60 and 64%, respectively. When the influent concentration of TPH was less than 7800 mg TPH/m3, approximately 50% of TPH in the gas stream was removed in the lower half of the biofilter. When the influent concentration of BTEX was less than 720 mg BTEX/m3, over 75% of BTEX in the gas stream was removed in the lower half of the biofilter. Benzene removal efficiency was the lowest among BTEX. A pressure drop could not be detected over a 1-m bed height at a gas velocity of 6 m/h after approximately 4 months of operation. Results demonstrated that BTEX in gasoline vapor could be treated effectively using a compost biofilter.     

Biological denitrification in a closed seawater system

Build-up of high nitrate concentrations in closed seawater systems where primary productivity is undesirable and water changes are impractical presents unique problems. Nitrate concentration in Ocean Tank at the New Jersey State Aquarium reached 9500 microM after 6 years of operation. A biological denitrification system was installed in 1998 and nitrate concentration in the aquarium decreased to 7000 microM within the first 100 days of operation. The system offers additional benefits by increasing the pH and alkalinity of seawater and providing a reducing environment to balance the oxidizing disinfection environment in the aquarium. The initial performance of the denitrification system was monitored and two semi-empirical models were developed: one based on the actual methanol additions, and another based on the daily amounts of nitrogen gas removed. The first model predicts a net nitrate decrease of 39 microM/day in the aquarium. The second model predicts a net decrease of 25 microM/day, in good agreement with the empirical value of 23 microM/day. This indicates that nitrogen gas removal is the controlling factor during denitrification in this facility, and the second model can be used to predict and optimize the operation of the system.     

Alabama Electric Cooperative Flue Gas Desulfurization Operating and Maintenance Experience

Alabama Electric Cooperative, Leroy, AL, has recently started up two 255 MW units, including a flue gas desulfurization system, at their Tomblgbee Station. The flue gas desulfurization system was designed by Peabody Process Systems, Inc., Stamford, CT. After 20 months operation, performance, in terms of start-up operations and maintenance, has been exceptionally good. This paper discusses those design factors which contributed to this successful performance.