北京近地层O3、NOx、CO及相关气象因子的分析

利用2004年9月--2005年7月北京市区近地层O3、NOx、CO和气象要素的连续观测资料,分析了近地层O3及其前体物体积分数的分布特征和日变化特征,同时采用非参数统计方法分析了近地层O3及其前体物体积分数的季节变化特征及局地气象要素对它们的影响.结果表明,CO和NO2的体积分数近似于Lorentz分布;O3、NO和NOx的体积分数满足指数分布.O3体积分数的日变化呈单峰型结构,午后15:00左右出现峰值,凌晨7:00左右出现最低值;而其前体物NOx和CO体积分数的日变化呈双峰型结构,早上7:00左右出现第一次峰值.午后15:00左右达到最低值,凌晨0:00左右出现第二次峰值;NO2第一次峰值的出现时间滞后于NO和CO;此外,NO2的最低体积分数晚上与白天几乎相当.O2体积分数的季节变化表现为夏季高,冬季低;与其相反,NO、NO2、NOx和CO几乎均表现为冬季高,夏季低.相对湿度、温度、风速与O3及其前体物的体积分数均具有显著的相关性.风速大于4.0 m/s时,O3的平均体积分数仍然增大.     

Telomere dynamics in the Sydney rock oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccostrea glomerata</Emphasis>): an investigation into the effects of age,tissue type,location and time of sampling

Telomere length has been purported as a biomarker for age and could offer a non-lethal method for determining the age of wild-caught individuals. Molluscs, including oysters and abalone, are the basis of important fisheries globally and have been problematic to accurately age. To determine whether telomere length could provide an alternative means of ageing molluscs, we evaluated the relationship between telomere length and age using the commercially important Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata). Telomere lengths were estimated from tissues of known age individuals from different age classes, locations and at different sampling times. Telomere length tended to decrease with age only in young oysters less than 18 months old, but no decrease was observed in older oysters aged 2–4 years. Regional and temporal differences in telomere attrition rates were also observed. The relationship between telomere length and age was weak, however, with individuals of identical age varying significantly in their telomere length making it an imprecise age biomarker in oysters.     

离子液体氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑对酵母细胞增殖生长和细胞膜通透性的影响

为探讨咪唑类离子液体氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([C₈mim][Cl])对酵母细胞的增殖生长和细胞膜通透性的影响,以不同浓度的[C₈mim][Cl]处理酵母细胞,研究离子液体对酵母细胞增殖和菌落形成的影响,通过测定酵母细胞外液蛋白质和核酸的含量,判断膜通透性的大小和[C₈mim][Cl]对细胞膜性结构的损伤。结果显示,0.1 mmol·L^-1的[C₈mim][Cl]延长了酵母细胞到达对数生长期的时间,在6～9 h之间对酵母细胞的增殖存在明显的抑制作用。1 mmol·L^-1的[C₈mim][Cl]使酵母细胞增殖不能到达对数生长期,对酵母细胞的增殖一直具有较强的抑制作用。随着离子液体浓度的增加,小菌落的数量增多。当平板内[C₈mim][Cl]浓度达到10 mmol·L^-1时,完全抑制了菌落的形成。[C₈mim][Cl]处理酵母细胞后,细胞外液中OD₂₈₀、OD₂₆₀的值显著升高。研究表明,细胞膜等膜性结构通透性的增加是离子液体[C₈mim][Cl]抑制酵母细胞增殖生长的原因之一。