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首先分析了社区中比较重要和常见的几种自然灾害和部分人为事故及其成因,并对社区灾害特点作了说明,然后对上海市社区灾害管理中存在的问题进行了阐述,并指出了当前迫切需要解决的问题。 相似文献
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<正>全球洪水、飓风和地震突发事件监测与预警技术系统,是由美国宇航局、日本宇航局、英国航空航天机构以及荷兰航天技术发展局共同研究开发的自然灾害突发事件防御技术综合系统。该系统的分系统设在上述4个国家航天机构,世界其他12个国家航天单位可以移置任何一种灾害监测和预警分技术。综合系统自研制成功以来 相似文献
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Deaths in natural hazards in the solomon islands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Archival and library search techniques have been used to establish extensive databases on deaths and damage resulting from natural hazards in the Solomon Islands. Although the records of fatalities are certainly incomplete, volcanic eruptions, tropical cyclones, landslides, tsunami and earthquakes appear to have been the most important. Only 22 per cent of the recorded deaths have resulted from meteorological hazards but a single event could change this proportion significantly. Five events in the fatality database account for 88 per cent of the recorded deaths. Future death tolls are also likely to be dominated by a small number of events. While the expected number of deaths in a given period is dependent upon the length of record considered, it is clear that a disaster which kills one hundred or more people in the Solomons can be expected more frequently than once in a hundred years. 相似文献
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我国黄土高原地区农业生产的气候脆弱性变化预测 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
在生态脆弱的黄土高原地区,农业生产受到气候变化的影响波动很大。本文在介绍脆弱性的有关定义和农业生产的气候脆弱性评估方案的基础上,对1997年的脆弱性状况做了初步评估,并利用有关GCM预测结果,估算了有关灾害指标的可能变化,对未来黄土高原地区农业生产的气候脆弱性可能变化进行了预测,其评估方法和预测结果可为有关部门决策提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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2001年我国主要气象灾害综述 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
2001年,我国气象灾害频繁,干旱,台风,暴雨,沙尘暴,高温,冻害,雪灾等都有不同程度的发生,特别是干旱尤为严重,各种气象灾害给国民经济造成较大损失,本文就几种主要气象灾害的发生特点及影响进行分析和评述。 相似文献
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试析1920年湖南瘟疫 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1920年湖南省省多事之年,兵灾、水灾、疫灾同时并发,有如雪上加霜,本文从是年湖南瘟疫产生的原因、特点、后果及防治各方面进行初步探讨,认为天灾与人祸互为因果,不革新政治、发展生产和科技是无法战胜瘟疫的。 相似文献
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2007年3月,八位科学家联名撰文,中国正处于社会经济高速发展时期,不仅面临一系列重大的水资源短缺问题,而且面临严重的水环境污染,特别是城乡饮水安全面临严重威胁。各地饮水安全的严峻形势饮水安全指的是既要有水喝,又要喝得安全卫生。它受制于水资源量和质 相似文献
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<正>生活和工作在楼房中的人,如果突遇一场大火,有的人不知所措,有的人随波逐流,有的人盲目跳楼,结果会各有不同。那么,火场中如何正确逃生自救呢?消防专家介绍的八种方法值得借鉴:熟悉环境当走出家门,处在陌生环境时, 相似文献
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近半世纪华北干旱化趋势研究 总被引:34,自引:6,他引:34
首先 ,提出了一种新的干湿指数 ,该指数的主要特点是它是相对于一地的水份需要量而言的 ,并且针对干旱的特点 ,考虑了前期降水对近期干旱现象的贡献。利用该指数 ,对我国华北近几十年来的干湿变化进行了讨论 ,发现近半个世纪以来 ,华北的干旱化趋势是十分明显的。其次 ,对华北干旱化的季节结构和周期性变化特点进行了研究 ,得出了一些有意义的结论。最后 ,讨论了近年来华北的连续干旱现象 ,指出近两年来的连续干旱是近 5 0年来最为严重的 ,并且到目前为止仍没有明显的结束趋势 ,值得我们进一步关注。 相似文献
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Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, United Kingdom, suffered severe flooding in June 2007, affecting some 8,600 households and most schools. Despite the potential for damage in such disasters, no studies of the effects of floods on teachers and schools in the UK appear to have been published previously. This study analysed the impacts of the floods on teachers in Hull in two stages: first through correspondence with Hull City Council and a mailed questionnaire to 91 head teachers of primary, secondary, and special schools; and second, through in‐depth interviews with head teachers from six flooded schools, representing different degrees of flood experience, and a questionnaire completed by eight teachers from the same schools. The findings reveal the importance and the complexity of the role of the school in the wider community in a time of crisis. The study highlights issues concerning preparedness for floods, support for schools, and flood protection for schools. 相似文献
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MARZIO BABILLE PIERPAOLO DE COLOMBANI RANIERI GUERRA NEVIO ZAGARIA CHIARA ZANETTI 《Disasters》1994,18(1):58-75
In 1991 a computerized, comprehensive epidemiological surveillance system was developed to monitor health trends in approximately 25,000 acutely displaced Kurds in Nowsood and Saryas refugee camps, Bakhtaran region, Northwestern Iran. In addition, community-based surveys offered information unobtainable from health facilities. Weekly population movements, attack rates, point-prevalence estimates, and case fatality ratios were calculated, and the data were analysed and compared. The overall crude mortality rate (CMR) in the camps under study was still 9 times higher than the reported CMR for Iraq. Health problems with very low rates (less than 1.0/ 1,000 population/week) included the triad of measles, meningitis and tetanus. However, morbidity for the most common conditions (acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, skin infections, eye diseases and, finally, typhoid fever) was shown to increase at the end of the intervention, highlighting that the pressure of repatriation on refugees made them progressively worse. This article concludes that epidemiological surveillance systems should be implemented during mass-migrations in developing countries also in post-emergency settings. Furthermore, surveillance appears to be indispensable in order for the international agencies to keep abreast of events and to safeguard human rights when international attention subsides. 相似文献
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华北一次暴雨过程的螺旋度分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用ARPS数值模式对华北的一次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,详细分析了该过程螺旋性结构的建立与发展过程。结果表明:螺旋度的高低空配置对诊断对流系统的发生发展和暴雨的落区有重要的指导意义;xy-螺旋度锋区内靠近正值区的一侧有利于暴雨的发生,但反映的降水落区范围较实际的要大;高层z-螺旋度负值区范围及数值的明显增大预示着对流系统的发展和降水率的增大;低层z-螺旋度在3.25 km高度处的正值中心区与降水落区对应较好;与xy-螺旋度相比,z-螺旋度给出了更为精准的降水位置,是一个能够综合反映系统维持、发展以及天气现象剧烈程度的参数。 相似文献