废润滑油再生燃油及其碳烟热重特性研究

为合理评价废润滑油再生燃油的热稳定性及其燃烧生成碳烟的氧化活性,采用热重分析法研究了废润滑油再生燃油及碳烟的热重特性,同时采用Coats-Redfern方程计算了燃油与碳烟的热动力学参数。结果表明:(1)分别采用一级、二级动力学模型求解2种燃油及其碳烟的热动力学参数,热动力学参数的拟合直线的线性相关性较好。(2)再生燃油的热稳定性比柴油好。最大失重速率对应的温度接近燃油的着火温度。再生燃油、柴油的活化能分别为44.2、39.2kJ/mol。(3)碳烟存在3个明显的质量损失阶段。(4)再生燃油燃烧生成碳烟的10%失重时对应的起燃温度高于柴油,两者燃烧生成碳烟的50%失重时对应的起燃温度相差不多。     

废食用油活性炭脱色工艺的研究

脱色处理是提高废食用油油品质量、利用其生产生物柴油的关键环节之一.研究餐饮废食用油活性炭吸附脱色工艺,考察典型木质活性炭和煤基活性炭对脱色效果的影响,并将活性炭结构、性能指标与其脱色能力进行关联.结果表明,以弱粘性煤和褐煤为原料制备的活性炭对废食用油脱色效果较好;活性炭的总孔容积、总比表面积、微孔比表面积、微孔容积、碘值和亚甲基蓝值等性能指标与脱色效果关联度不大,而活性炭的孔径和中孔容积是决定活性炭脱色效果的主要指标.优化后废食用油活性炭脱色工艺的主要参数是:活性炭用量7%,炭粒度100～300目,脱色温度90～120℃,吸附时间为30 min,搅拌速度为10 r/min,废食用油的脱色率在50%～65%.     

石墨烯复合改性海绵的制备及其吸油性能

将三聚氰胺海绵（MF）浸入氧化石墨烯（GO）悬浮液,经微波溶剂热还原反应后,用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）进一步修饰,得到超疏水亲油的石墨烯复合改性吸油海绵（rGO-PDMS-MF）。优化了GO和PDMS改性试剂的浓度,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）及接触角（CA）测定仪对海绵结构和性质进行了表征,测试了海绵的饱和吸油性能、重复使用性能及油水分离性能。结果表明：GO悬浮液和PDMS溶液最适浓度分别为2.0 g·L-1和1.0%（质量分数）;所得海绵的接触角达151.5°,饱和吸油能力达45~110 g·g-1,可通过吸附-挤压方式重复使用10次以上;rGO-PDMS-MF海绵对油水体系具有良好的选择性,与泵装置结合后可以连续有效地将油从水面分离,再生使用后仍保持较高的浮油回收速率和较强的疏水性能。     

A simple method to prepare magnetic modified beer yeast and its application for cationic dye adsorption

The purpose of this research is to use a simple method to prepare magnetic modified biomass with good adsorption performances for cationic ions. The magnetic modified biomass was prepared by two steps: (1) preparation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) modified biomass in N, N-dimethylacetamide solution and (2) preparation of magnetic PMDA modified biomass by a situ co-precipitation method under the assistance of ultrasound irradiation in ammonia water. The adsorption potential of the as-prepared magnetic modified biomass was analyzed by using cationic dyes: methylene blue and basic magenta as model dyes. Optical micrograph and x-ray diffraction analyses showed that Fe₃O₄ particles were precipitated on the modified biomass surface. The as-prepared biosorbent could be recycled easily by using an applied magnetic field. Titration analysis showed that the total concentration of the functional groups on the magnetic PMDA modified biomass was calculated to be 0.75 mmol g^?1 by using the first derivative method. The adsorption capacities (q _m) of the magnetic PMDA modified biomass for methylene blue and basic magenta were 609.0 and 520.9 mg g^?1, respectively, according to the Langmuir equation. Kinetics experiment showed that adsorption could be completed within 150 min for both dyes. The desorption experiment showed that the magnetic sorbent could be used repeatedly after regeneration. The as-prepared magnetic modified sorbent had a potential in the dyeing industry wastewater treatment.     

吸附冷凝回收与生物氧化联合工艺对炼油污水废气的处理

大气污染防治的形势日益严峻,为实现废气的达标排放,采用吸附冷凝回收与生物氧化联合工艺对炼油污水废气进行处理。结果表明,对污水构筑物进行加罩密封后,将废气收集及输送,采用分区收集、分类处理的工艺方法,先对废气收集系统的高浓度废气采用脱硫、吸附冷凝原理进行预处理,再与低浓度废气混合进入生物氧化滴滤段与过滤段进行处理,可有效去除炼油污水处理过程中各池体构筑物逸散出的H2S、有机硫化物、酚类、烃类等有害气体,实现废气的达标排放。其中,通过吸附冷凝回收工艺,高浓度段非甲烷总烃的去除率可稳定在60%以上,通过生物氧化联合处理工艺,低浓度段非甲烷总烃的去除率可稳定在40%以上,且氨、硫化氢、甲苯、二甲苯的总去除效果良好,可以有效改善周边区域的大气环境,满足国家标准规范排放要求及地方环境法规的要求。     

Carbon nanotubes from waste cooking palm oil as adsorbent materials for the adsorption of heavy metal ions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, waste cooking palm oil (WCPO)-based carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with encapsulated iron (Fe) nanoparticles have been successfully produced...     

镧改性凹凸棒土的制备及其对水中磷酸盐的吸附

锁磷剂的应用与推广加快了人们对镧改性粘土的不断研究。为了探讨2种制备方法所得的镧改性凹凸棒土吸附剂对水体中磷酸根的去除效果,首先制备了镧改性凹凸棒土（La-ATP）及镧改性酸活化凹凸棒土（La-H-ATP）2种吸附剂,然后在不同条件下研究比较了二者对磷酸根的吸附效果。结果表明：La-ATP和La-H-ATP对磷酸根吸附曲线适合Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量（qm）均大于12 mg·g-1。高温有利于La-ATP和La-H-ATP对磷酸根的吸附,并且La-ATP的平衡吸附量（qe）在35、25和10℃条件下均大于La-H-ATP。在酸性条件下,La-ATP具有比La-H-ATP更好的除磷效果。两种吸附剂对磷酸根具有较好的吸附选择性,几种常见共存离子存在时的吸附量无明显变化。     

无硫膨胀石墨的制备及吸油性能

通过单因子实验考察了无硫膨胀石墨制备过程中氧化剂及插层剂用量、氧化反应及插层反应时间、氧化反应及插层反应温度对无硫膨胀石墨膨胀体积的影响。通过正交实验确定了制备无硫膨胀石墨的最优条件是:石墨(g)∶浓硝酸(mL)∶30%H2O2(mL)∶乙酸酐(mL)=1∶2.25∶0.25∶0.6,在30℃条件下氧化反应60 min,加入插层剂后在60℃条件下插层反应90 min,此条件无硫膨胀石墨的膨胀体积达317 mL/g使用XPS、FT-IR、XRD和SEM对无硫膨胀石墨进行了表征并对其吸油性能和再生性能进行了研究。结果表明,所制备无硫膨胀石墨对原油和柴油的最大吸附量分别为66.3 g/g和62.7 g/g。吸附原油后的无硫膨胀石墨抽滤再生后首次再生率为49.1%,原油的回收率为64.5%。     

807-1818一种评价废塑料裂解制备燃料油企业清洁生产水平的方法

针对废塑料处理处置现状、国内外废塑料裂解制油生产、裂解油作为燃料油的应用前景、我国缺乏评价废塑料裂解制油的方法,提出制定一套用于评价废塑料裂解制备燃料油的清洁生产水平方法。将废塑料裂解制油清洁生产评价体系逐级进行分解,形成3个评价层次：目标层、5个准则层、20个评价指标,通过层次分析法,确定每个层次对上一层的评价权重;通过国内外文献资料及实际生产数据,对评价指标中的定量指标进行赋值,确定评价指标基准值;利用线性综合加权分析法,建立综合评价模型。     

基于静电吸附技术对废润滑油净化再生

环保而有效的废润滑油净化再生技术是解决环境污染和能源短缺的有效途径。介绍了目前各种废润滑油处理工艺的优势与不足,并利用了基于静电吸附技术的再生工艺对工业用齿轮油进行了净化再生回收。针对静电吸附装置处理废润滑油的处理要求和纳污能力,采用真空脱水处理与三级并联式循环过滤处理方式。整个处理过程在密闭装置下进行,避免了油液再次受到污染的可能。实验证明,经多级过滤和静电吸附技术处理后,齿轮油的污染等级由NAS10下降到NAS7。通过对废齿轮油处理前后含有的主要元素和性能指标进行检测,废润滑油中的主要污染元素有效地减少,并且润滑油性能有所改善,说明该技术的应用能够有效的处理废润滑油中的污物,处理后的废润滑油已经达到了再次循环利用的标准。     

质子化改性交联壳聚糖的制备及其吸附硫酸根离子的性能

以壳聚糖为原料,甲醛为氨基保护剂,戊二醛为交联剂,采用反相悬浮交联法制备交联壳聚糖,再对其进行质子化改性得到质子化改性交联壳聚糖吸附剂。通过正交实验对该吸附剂的制备条件进行优化,并对其吸附水中硫酸根（SO₄^2-）的吸附等温特性和动力学进行研究,最后对制备和吸附过程进行能谱分析（EDS）并对吸附剂进行了再生实验。实验结果表明,交联反应的优化条件为：反应温度50℃、反应时间6 h、甲醛：戊二醛：壳聚糖为4.5：0.5：3（质量比）;该吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,在25℃（298 K）下,吸附容量最大可达133.87 mg/g;吸附过程较好地符合拟二级动力学模型;EDS分析表明了交联反应、质子化改性和吸附反应均已发生;该吸附剂的再生性能良好,可以重复使用。     

Preparation of carbonaceous adsorbent from straw and its adsorption performance for H2S removal

ABSTRACT

Activated carbonaceous were prepared from high-carbon, abandoned straw biomass. With hydrogen sulfide gas as the target pollutant, single factor experiments were employed to assess the effects of activator type, activation temperature, activation time, and liquid-material ratio on the adsorption performance of the prepared carbonaceous adsorbent. The materials were characterized using elemental analysis, SEM, FTIR, and BET. The results showed -OH, -CH-, and -C = O groups exist on the surface of the prepared adsorbent, specific surface area can reach 1104.84 m²?g^?1, total pore volume can reach 0.261 cm³?g^?1 and, where the pore volume is greater than 80%, well-developed pore structures were present that facilitated adsorption. The experimental results showed the adsorption time could reach 198 min with optimal ZnCl₂ activator concentration (30%), carbonization temperature (550°C), and liquid-to-material ratio (3:1). Compared with the existing activated carbon adsorbents, the adsorption effects and preparation cost of this absorbent are advantageous, and the absorbent has prospects for broad market application.     

污泥活性炭的制备及其对酸性红G的吸附行为

以城市污水处理厂的脱水污泥为原料,用ZnCl2活化法制备污泥活性炭,并研究其对水中酸性红G的吸附、脱附行为。选取活化剂浓度、固液比、活化温度及活化时间等因素,通过正交实验确定了最佳工艺,即ZnCl2浓度30%,固液比1:2,碳化温度500℃,碳化时间1.5 h。吸附实验结果表明,该污泥活性炭对水中酸性红G的吸附量随着温度升高而增加,在15、25和35℃条件下的最大吸附量分别为153.6、165.6和180.4 mg/g,且吸附等温线能较好用Langmuir方程进行模拟。酸性红G在污泥活性炭上的吸附动力学符合准二级反应动力学模型。污泥活性炭对酸性红G的吸附量随着溶液pH的增大而减小,污泥活性炭的最佳投加量为0.26 g/L。吸附饱和的污泥活性炭可通过碱处理和热处理方法进行脱附,脱附后的吸附剂对酸性红G仍具有很强吸附性能。     

基于响应面法优化废弃油基钻井液的萃取方法

针对油气田钻井过程中经多次循环导致基液老化变质而无法使用的废弃油基钻井液,采用响应面法优化废弃油基钻井液萃取实验。以石油醚(60~90 ℃)作为萃取剂,通过单因素实验确定了编码参数,考察了液料比(萃取剂与废弃油基钻井液加量质量比,g/g)、萃取温度、萃取时间3因素5水平的中心组合设计,建立数学模型并进行验证。结果表明,对于液料比1.5:1,萃取时间25 min,萃取温度36.5 ℃的最佳萃取条件,萃取率的预测值为82.97%,实测值为82.18%,相对误差仅有0.95%。     

Energy recovery from waste by use of fluidized-bed technology

Revolving type fluidized-bed technology, developed by Ebara Corp., is installed in more than 100 facilities worldwide. The technology is applied for waste, coal and in situations where a conventional fluidized bed is difficult to use. Waste and/or coal can be treated and valuable energy can be recovered from a non-renewable source. This paper describes the application of the revolving fluidized bed for waste, coal and tyres.     

Organic compound emissions from a landfarm used for oil and gas solid waste disposal

Solid or sludgy hydrocarbon waste is a by-product of oil and gas exploration and production. One commonly used method of disposing of this waste is landfarming. Landfarming involves spreading hydrocarbon waste on soils, tilling it into the soil, and allowing it to biodegrade. We used a dynamic flux chamber to measure fluxes of methane, a suite of 54 nonmethane hydrocarbons, and light alcohols from an active and a remediated landfarm in eastern Utah. Fluxes from the remediated landfarm were not different from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheet or from undisturbed soils in the region. Fluxes of methane, total nonmethane hydrocarbons, and alcohols from the landfarm in active use were 1.41 (0.37, 4.19) (mean and 95% confidence limits), 197.90 (114.72, 370.46), and 4.17 (0.03, 15.89) mg m^?2 hr^?1, respectively. Hydrocarbon fluxes were dominated by alkanes, especially those with six or more carbons. A 2-ha landfarm with fluxes of the magnitude we observed in this study would emit 95.3 (54.3, 179.7) kg day^?1 of total hydrocarbons, including 11.2 (4.3, 33.9) kg day^?1 of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes).

Implications: Solid and sludgy hydrocarbon waste from the oil and gas industry is often disposed of by landfarming, in which wastes are tilled into soil and allowed to decompose. We show that a land farm in Utah emitted a variety of organic compounds into the atmosphere, including hazardous air pollutants and compounds that form ozone. We calculate that a 2-ha landfarm facility would emit 95.0 ± 66.0 kg day^?1 of total hydrocarbons, including 11.1 ± 1.5 kg day^?1 of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes).     

废汞触媒中汞的浸出及其再生活性炭的吸附性能

对电石法生产聚氯乙烯产生的废汞触媒进行浸出及再生活性炭的研究,以6 mol·L-1 HCl 溶液作为浸出剂,在浸出反应温度为65 ℃、浸出反应时间为90 min和液固比为15∶1的实验条件下得到Hg2+的优化浸出率为61.25%。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、Brunauer-Emmet-Tller(BET) 比表面积等方法分析再生活性炭特征。结果表明焙烧废汞触媒浸出渣热再生活性炭是可行的,焙烧最佳工艺条件为：焙烧温度850 ℃,焙烧时间90 min。得到的焙烧产物亚甲基蓝吸附值为120.5 mg·g-1,BET表面积为704.25 m2·g-1,平均孔径为3.28 nm。再生前后的汞含量与从1.067%降至0.351%,再生后能再次作为汞触媒生产的催化剂载体材料,同时减缓固废堆积过程中汞流失造成的一系列环境问题。     

泡沫活性炭的制备及其对丙酮的吸附性能研究

以中间相沥青和原煤为原料,在高温高压下发泡成型,经过高温炭化和水蒸气活化后制得了比表面积为672m2/g、中孔发达的泡沫状成型活性炭(MACFoam).该成型活性炭中含有大量的微米级孔道并具有良好的透气性,可以作为气流通道.由其所装填的吸附床层对丙酮的吸附行为与颗粒活性炭相似,可以使用Yoon-Nelson方程对实验穿...     

改性稻草秸秆活性炭的制备及其对SO2的吸附

以稻草秸秆为原料,在N2氛围中制备活性炭。利用TG/DTG、Boehm滴定、BET比表面积测试、活性炭的工业分析对秸秆在200、300、400、500℃下制备的活性炭形态及其表面化学性质进行了表征。分别比较了原生秸秆、炭化秸秆、乙二胺基秸秆、乙二胺基炭化秸秆用于脱除SO2气体的吸附效果。结果表明：活性炭的炭化得率是随着温度升高而不断下降;随着炭化温度升高,活性炭的pH值、灰分也随之增加,挥发分含量则不断下降,活性炭表面的酸性官能团减少、碱性官能团增多;乙二胺基炭化秸秆的脱硫效果明显,饱和硫容达到了176.4 mg ·g-1。通过研究得出将改性稻草秸秆活性炭应用于烟气脱硫是可行的。     

聚合物水凝胶的制备以及吸附废水中铅离子

以2-丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)和L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)为单体,采用辐射共聚法制备了对Pb2+具有高效吸附性能的水凝胶,利用改性剂(乙酰胺基-L-半胱氨酸)对共聚物水凝胶进行了改性,应用SEM、FT-IR、XPS等方法表征了水凝胶的性能,研究了改性后水凝胶在不同pH以及不同温度条件下对Pb2+的吸附效果,探讨了水凝胶吸附Pb2+的吸附机理,并且采用EDTA二钠为脱附剂,探索了水凝胶的重复利用能力。