固定化微生物技术在环境工程中的应用

固定化微生物技术是一种新技术，与普通生物处理法相比有许多优点，对固定化微生物技术、微生物的固定化方法、固定化栽体及固定化技术在环境工程中的应用和研究进展状况进行了综述，并对其发展问题做了探讨。     

固定化微生物技术及其在废水处理中的应用

固定化微生物技术是一种有效的废水生物处理技术，与普通生物处理法相比具有生物密度高、耐毒性、耐冲击负荷高等优点。本文着重介绍了常见的几种固定化微生物方法和载体及在废水处理中的应用，分析了各种方法与载体在应用中的优缺点．指出理想的固定化载体应该具备价格低廉、性质稳定、传质性能良好、对微生物无毒等条件，同时对固定化微生物技术提出了技术展望。     

固定化微生物技术修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展

土壤修复产业在推进双碳行动、提高土壤碳汇能力上有着举足轻重的地位，而重金属污染具有的隐蔽性、持久性和不可逆性使得我国土壤重金属污染持续积累，影响了双碳目标的实现。固定化微生物技术作为生物修复法的一种，既可以减少传统的物理法、化学法在修复过程中产生的能源消耗和二次污染，又可以提高微生物密度、维持微生物活性，因此在修复重金属污染土壤方面具有广阔的发展前景。本文从固定方法、载体种类、微生物种类3个角度介绍了固定化微生物技术的分类，总结了该技术修复重金属污染的机理。根据不同的应用场景选择适配的载体和微生物可以达到事半功倍的效果。本综述汇总了固定化微生物技术在近五年内的研究发展现状，研究表明该技术可以有效修复重金属污染土壤，新型载体和新型微生物可以满足多种应用需求，还可以与植物修复技术联用以达到更加绿色低碳的修复效果。考虑到该技术未来的发展潜力，提出了固定化微生物技术的发展方向，旨在为固定化微生物技术修复重金属污染土壤的发展提供参考。     

固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的应用研究进展

固定化微生物技术是一种有效的废水生物处理技术,与一般生物处理法相比具有微生物密度高、反应速度快、耐毒害能力强、微生物流失少、产物分离容易、处理设备小型化等优点。对固定化微生物技术、微生物的固定化方法（包埋法、吸附法、共价结合法和交联法）、固定化载体的性能（压缩强度、耐曝气强度、扩散系数、耐生物分解性、对生物毒性、固定的难易、成本）及固定化技术在难降解有机污染物废水,含氨氮、重金属、农药、印染废水处理中的应用及研究进展状况进行了综述。     

废水生物处理中固定化微生物技术方法与载体使用

固定化微生物技术由于具有许多传统污水处理工艺所没有的特点和优势，得到了越来越多的研究和应用。文章就现有的固定化微生物技术方法与常用的载体进行了分类，对各种固定化微生物技术的优劣性和适用范围进行了比较和总结，指出了固定化微生物技术在今后污水处理中的研究发展方向。     

固定化微生物技术在处理高浓度有机废水中的应用

通过对固定化技术方法以及不同载体选择的介绍,分析评价了固定化微生物在高浓度有机废水处理中应用研究进展。并通过探讨固定化微生物技术对各种有机废水的处理效率,可以看出:与国内外研究者的研究结果一致,固定化微生物技术的确是一种比一般微生物处理法更为有效地废水处理方法。同时,也阐明了该技术的研究前景:虽然固定化技术的应用前景十分广泛,但在实际操作中也存在一些问题。并对这些存在的问题提出建议和意见。     

固定化微生物脱氮

应用固定化微生物技术开展单级生物脱氮的研究。结果表明，固定化硝化与反硝化混合污泥可以实现单级生物脱氮，效果好于未固定化污泥，氨氧化速率和总无机氮的脱中分别提高到未固定化污泥的１．７倍和１３．４倍。结果还表明光硬化树脂也是一种较好的固定化介质。     

固定微生物技术及其在废水处理中的应用

固定化微生物技术是本世纪七十年代由固定化酶技术发展起来的。该技术与游微生物处理技术相比，具有明显的优越性。目前，固定化微生物技术已成为各国研究者的热点之一，并在有关废水处理中取得明显成果，显示出其广阔的发展前景。本文着重介绍国内外固定化微生物的最新技术、方法及其在高浓度有机废水、难生物降解物质、脱色及深度处理方面的应用现状。     

微生物固定化技术修复溢油污染潮间带的研究进展

传统生物技术修复溢油污染潮间带时,往往存在菌体易流失、反应启动速度慢、优势菌种浓度低、与土著竞争处于弱势及环境耐性差等问题。作为一种新型微生物修复技术,微生物固定化技术在溢油污染潮间带的修复中表现出了巨大的应用潜力。从固定化材料、固定化方法的选择及微生物固定化技术在溢油污染修复中的应用几方面,对微生物固定化技术修复溢油污染潮间带的应用现状进行了介绍,并归纳总结了微生物固定化技术强化潮间带溢油污染修复的作用机理。同时,对微生物固定化技术的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为我国开展微生物固定化技术修复溢油污染潮间带的相关研究提供参考。     

固定化微生物法及其在废水处理中的应用

本文概述了用于废水处理的固定化微生物技术,对固定化微生物法的分类,以及其应用概况等作了简单介绍      

锚定金属离子-螯合物的介孔硅除磷性能研究

采用3种介孔硅分子筛制备了锚定金属离子-螯合物的介孔硅吸附剂。系统研究了硅分子筛、螯合剂、金属离子和吸附时间等因素对吸附剂磷吸附性能的影响。结果表明,硅分子筛、螯合物和金属离子对吸附剂的磷吸附性能有显著的影响,其对介孔硅吸附剂磷吸附量影响的顺序分别为:SBA15>MCM41>MCM48,Fe-SH-MCM41<相似文献   

碳纳米管基复合吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能

为了解决碳纳米管(CNTs)在吸附水中污染物时易聚集、难分离的问题,本文采用静电自组装技术将碳纳米管固定化在具有微米级粒径的碳酸钙颗粒表面,设计制备了壳-核结构的CNTs基复合吸附剂.实验考查了不同碳纳米管分散体系对复合吸附剂制备的影响,并采用Zeta电位、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等手段对复合吸附剂的制备过程和结构进行表征,探讨了制备的碳纳米管基复合吸附剂对菲的吸附性能.结果发现,复合吸附剂对菲的吸附能力随CNTs载量的增加而增大,CNTs标化的吸附系数则随CNTs载量的增加而下降,碳纳米管是复合吸附剂的主要吸附位点.     

聚烯丙基氯化铵调控的中空多孔磷酸八钙超结构及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性

环境友好、价格低廉且易于批量化生产的矿物基吸附剂在环境污染物去除方面越来越显现出其优越性,但以往的研究多集中于晶相的矿物吸附剂,有关亚稳相的研究相对较少.因此,本文通过仿生矿化的方法,以聚烯丙基氯化铵（PAH）作为生长调节剂,在气相扩散过程中成功制备了由超薄纳米片构筑的中空、多孔磷酸八钙（Octacalcium Phosphate,OCP）微球.结果发现,制备的吸附剂具有较高的比表面积和孔隙率,且高分辨电镜图片显示其具有一定的非晶纳米区域,并对重金属离子Pb（II）表现出优越的吸附特性.吸附实验证明,OCP/PAH对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级吸附动力学模型,最高吸附量可达1644.74 mg·g^-1.该亚稳相矿物吸附剂出色的重金属吸附性能,为开发新型矿物吸附剂提供了新思路.     

Mesoporous carbon adsorbents from melamine-formaldehyde resin using nanocasting technique for CO2 adsorption

Mesoporous carbon adsorbents, having high nitrogen content, were synthesized via nanocasting technique with melamine–formaldehyde resin as precursor and mesoporous silica as template. A series of adsorbents were prepared by varying the carbonization temperature from 400 to 700°C. Adsorbents were characterized thoroughly by nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), elemental(CHN) analysis, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and Boehm titration. Carbonization temperature controlled the properties of the synthesized adsorbents ranging from surface area to their nitrogen content, which play major role in their application as adsorbents for CO_2 capture.The nanostructure of these materials was confirmed by XRD and TEM. Their nitrogen content decreased with an increase in carbonization temperature while other properties like surface area, pore volume, thermal stability and surface basicity increased with the carbonization temperature. These materials were evaluated for CO_2 adsorption by fixed-bed column adsorption experiments. Adsorbent synthesized at 700°C was found to have the highest surface area and surface basicity along with maximum CO_2 adsorption capacity among the synthesized adsorbents. Breakthrough time and CO_2 equilibrium adsorption capacity were investigated from the breakthrough curves and were found to decrease with increase in adsorption temperature. Adsorption process for carbon adsorbent–CO_2 system was found to be reversible with stable adsorption capacity over four consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. From three isotherm models used to analyze the equilibrium data, Temkin isotherm model presented a nearly perfect fit implying the heterogeneous adsorbent surface.     

Mesoporous carbon adsorbents from melamine–formaldehyde resin using nanocasting technique for CO2 adsorption

Mesoporous carbon adsorbents, having high nitrogen content, were synthesized via nanocasting technique with melamine–formaldehyde resin as precursor and mesoporous silica as template. A series of adsorbents were prepared by varying the carbonization temperature from 400 to 700°C. Adsorbents were characterized thoroughly by nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental (CHN) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Boehm titration. Carbonization temperature controlled the properties of the synthesized adsorbents ranging from surface area to their nitrogen content, which play major role in their application as adsorbents for CO₂ capture. The nanostructure of these materials was confirmed by XRD and TEM. Their nitrogen content decreased with an increase in carbonization temperature while other properties like surface area, pore volume, thermal stability and surface basicity increased with the carbonization temperature. These materials were evaluated for CO₂ adsorption by fixed-bed column adsorption experiments. Adsorbent synthesized at 700°C was found to have the highest surface area and surface basicity along with maximum CO₂ adsorption capacity among the synthesized adsorbents. Breakthrough time and CO₂ equilibrium adsorption capacity were investigated from the breakthrough curves and were found to decrease with increase in adsorption temperature. Adsorption process for carbon adsorbent–CO₂ system was found to be reversible with stable adsorption capacity over four consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. From three isotherm models used to analyze the equilibrium data, Temkin isotherm model presented a nearly perfect fit implying the heterogeneous adsorbent surface.     

功能化多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离研究进展

功能化多孔材料拥有优越的CO_2吸附和存储性能,在燃煤电厂、玻璃炉窑、水泥厂、钢铁厂等高耗能工矿企业采用CO_2吸附技术,对CO_2减排、减缓温室效应具有重要意义。随着研究的不断深入,新型CO_2吸附材料呈现出廉价、易获取、高吸附率等趋势,当前研究重点集中在介孔硅、金属有机框架、沸石、活性炭、聚合物等的表面功能化。总结了上述典型吸附剂功能化的最新成果,重点介绍多孔吸附材料的功能化方法、吸附机理与吸附动力学的研究进展,并提出多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离的研究空间和发展趋势。     

Phosphine functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes: A new adsorbent for the removal of nickel from aqueous solution

Synthesised triphenylphosphine-linked multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Tpp-MWCNTs) were used to study the adsorption of nickel in aqueous solutions and their adsorption capabilities were compared with purified MWCNTs. The adsorption capacity increased with an increase in pH for all adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 40 and 30 min for purified MWCNTs and Tpp-MWCNTs, respectively. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms used to investigate the adsorption process fitted the experimental data well with the correlation coefficient R² close to 1 for all adsorbents. On the other hand, the experimental data fitted well with a pseudo second-order model. The speciation of nickel also influenced the adsorption on the purified and Tpp-MWCNTs. The adsorbents used in this study showed superior adsorption capacity when compared to other adsorbents reported in the literature.     

吸附法处理模拟含磷废水

以天然沸石、膨润土为基材,经镁、铝等处理并活化而得的FMA、BMA吸附剂,对磷有较高的吸附能力,其动态吸附容量大于17mg·g~(-1),磷的去除率都在95%以上,吸附后的FMA可用Na_2CO_3、NaOH(5%)洗脱,洗脱率达100%,吸附后的BMA可用Al_2(SO_4)_3(10%)洗脱,洗脱率达81.8%     

海藻酸钠包埋活性炭与活性污泥的固定化技术

以海藻酸钠为包埋剂，以粉末活性炭和硅藻土分别为吸附剂，探索了用蠕动泵滴动法制备固定化活性污泥球形颗粒的工艺过程，并对所制备的固定化活性污泥球形颗粒，进行了餐厅废水的处理静态实验，从中检验了固定化颗粒的性能。实验结果表明，以活性炭为吸附剂添加制得的固定化活性污泥球形颗粒，具有较好的处理能力，是一种合适的材料，而以硅藻作为吸附剂添加时则效果较差。     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...