微电流对零价铁还原Cr(Ⅵ)过程中去钝化作用研究

为解决零价铁(ZVI)作为渗透反应格栅(PRB)反应介质处理六价铬〔Cr(Ⅵ)〕时产生钝化导致处理效率低的问题,提出了在反应介质上施加低直流电压,产生微电流去钝化的措施。通过PRB柱流动模拟试验,以粒径为0.15~0.35 mm的工业铁粉为反应介质,施加不同低电压,分析ZVI去除Cr(Ⅵ)的效果。结果表明:当Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达到60%时,施加1、3、7 V电压的试验组对应的出水体积分别是对照组的1.42、1.88和2.75倍;微电流可以在一定程度上解决ZVI的钝化问题,提高ZVI的利用效率,施加电压增大,ZVI的利用效率逐渐增高;施加电压产生的微电流对Cr(Ⅲ)沉淀影响不大,会对Fe(Ⅱ)或Fe(Ⅲ)的沉淀物产生影响。     

地下水中阴离子对球磨零价铁除砷影响

研究了不同浓度下几种阴离子（NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、H₂PO₄^-、SiO₃^2-）对球磨零价铁（BZVI）除砷规律的影响,探讨了上述阴离子对BZVI氧化As（Ⅲ）能力的影响,三价砷及五价砷的转化机制,及BZVI腐蚀产物.研究证实,不同浓度的NO₃^-和SO₄^2-对砷去除效率影响不显著,但是随着H₂PO₄^-和SiO₃^2-浓度升高,溶液中As（V）分别由25.1%上升到83.6%和下降到3.8%;通过SEM和拉曼光谱分析发现,H₂PO₄^-促进BZVI的腐蚀,导致As（Ⅲ）氧化能力增强;而铁表面形成二氧化硅聚合物或非晶固相则是SiO₃^2-降低BZVI对砷氧化和吸附能力的主要机制.     

包覆型纳米零价铁活化过硫酸处理柴油污染土壤

采用Tween-20作为包覆材料对纳米零价铁(n ZVI)进行改性(T-n ZVI),并利用T-n ZVI活化过硫酸盐(PS)降解柴油,同时与未改性纳米零价铁活化过硫酸盐体系(n ZVI/PS)进行对比.结果显示,在n ZVI/PS体系中,柴油降解率随着n ZVI及PS用量的增加而增加.在T-n ZVI/PS体系中,反应90 d后,柴油最大降解率为78%.与n ZVI/PS体系相比,T-n ZVI/PS体系所有组别的柴油降解率均有所提升,但提升幅度不大.同时对T-n ZVI活化PS的机理进行了推测.     

氧化石墨烯负载零价纳米铁吸附水中环丙沙星的研究

通过溶液还原法制备了氧化石墨烯负载零价纳米铁NZVI16-GO1(F16G1),并将其用于水中环丙沙星的去除.同时,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和热重分析仪(TG)等手段表征了F16G1的结构、化学组成和微观形貌.结果发现,F16G1对水中环丙沙星具有良好的吸附性能;氧化石墨烯的引入可以有效降低零价纳米铁的自身团聚;F16G1与环丙沙星的吸附作用很大程度上受静电引力的影响.实验同时考察了p H值、反应时间、初始浓度、投加量等因素对F16G1吸附环丙沙星的影响.结果表明,在p H=4~5之间,溶液的p H值对吸附量没有明显影响;F16G1对环丙沙星的最大吸附量是656.66 mg·g-1;Langmuir等温吸附模型可以用来描述吸附平衡过程.零价纳米铁的磁性使复合材料便于回收.     

蔗糖改性纳米铁原位反应带对硝基苯污染的模拟修复研究

在一维模拟装置中创建改性纳米铁原位反应带,研究反应带对硝基苯污染的修复情况,并通过反应带渗透性变化对其可持续修复能力进行评估.模拟试验结果表明:不同条件下硝基苯的去除率为45%~80%;反应带渗透性变化过程按时间分为3个阶段,分别是0~10d的快速下降期、10~30d的缓慢下降期和30~60d的稳定期,平均下降了53.2%,堵塞现象未发生,反应带可持续修复能力较好.较大的介质粒径和浆液浓度使污染物降解效率增加,硝基苯去除率可分别提高23.7%和13.7%;较高的地下水流速和污染物浓度不利于污染物的去除,硝基苯去除率均下降约46.8%.各反应带中实际参与反应的铁与硝基苯的物质的量比值分别为11.2、17.9、12.6、3.3和25.7,改性纳米铁颗粒的实际利用率较低,实际应用中浆液需要过量注入.     

Coupling of zero valent iron and biobarriers for remediation of trichloroethylene in groundwater

This study attempted to construct a three series barrier system to treat high concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE; 500 mg/L) in synthetic groundwater. The system consisted of three reactive barriers using iron fillings as an iron-based barrier in the first column, sugarcane bagasse mixed with anaerobic sludge as an anaerobic barrier in the second column, and a biofilm coated on oxygen carbon inducer releasing material as an aerobic barrier in the third column. In order to evaluate the extent of removal of TCE and its metabolites in the aquifer down gradient of the barrier system, a fourth column filled with sand was applied. Residence time of the system was investigated by a bromide tracer test. The results showed that residence time in the column system of the control set and experimental set were 23.62 and 29.99 days, respectively. The e ciency of the three series barrier system in removing TCE was approximately 84% in which the removal e ciency of TCE by the iron filling barrier, anaerobic barrier and aerobic barrier were 42%, 16% and 25%, respectively. cis-Dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethylene and chloride ions were observed as metabolites following TCE degradation. The presence of chloride ions in the e uent from the column system indicated the degradation of TCE. However, cis-DCE and VC were not fully degraded by the proposed barrier system which suggested that another remediation technology after the barrier treatment such as air sparging and adsorption by activated carbon should be conducted.